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广州市新版教材八年级英语上册期中语法复习Unit1一、some与any的区别1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library. . Some rice in the bag has been sold out. 2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。 If you have any questions, please ask me. There isnt any orange in the bottle. Have you got any tea? 3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。 How many people can you see in the picture? I cant see any. If you have no money, Ill lend you some.2、 复合不定代词由some,every,no,any分别与one,thing和body组合即可得到以下复合不定代词： someoneanyoneno oneeveryonesomethinganythingnothingeverythingsomebodyanybodynobodyeverybody1. 一般来说，由some构成的复合不定代词往往用于肯定句中；而由any构成的复合不定代词则往往用于否定句或疑问句中。I heard someone singing when I was at work last night.Please give me something to read.(拓展）由some构成的复合不定代词有时也可用于疑问句中，用来表示请求、建议等语句。Would you like something to read?Why not buy something interesting?2. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Somebody wants to see you. Is there anything I can do for you ?3. 形容词修饰复合不定代词something,anything,everything,nothing等时，要放在不定代词的后面。 Do you have anything important to tell us? We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else?Unit 2 基数词与序数词1、 基数词的用法基数词是表示数目多少的词1. 用于名词前表示数量的多少。 I have three pens. 2. 表示时间。 Its eleven oclock now.3. 表示年龄。 My mother is thirty-eight years old.4. 表示价格 The bike is two hundred and thirty-five yuan.5. 基数词在表示确切的数字时，不能使用百、千、百万、十亿的复数形式；但是，当基数词表示不确切数字，如成百、成千上万，三三两两时，基数词则以复数形式出现。 There are two hundred people in the room. There are hundreds of people in the room.6. 表示人的不确切岁数或年代，用几十的复数形式表示。 He became a professor in his thirties 他三十多岁时成为了教授。 It was in the 1960s 那是在二十世纪六十年代。2、 序数词的用法序数词是表示顺序先后的词，其主要用法有1、 表示顺序January is the first month of the year.2、 表示第几次This is my second time to visit Nanjing.3、 表示日期Today is the fifth of March.（拓展）1、 序数词主要用做定语，通常在前面加定冠词the.但序数词前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词the Mr Lin lives on the fifth floor. Simon is his third child.2. 如果序数词前出现不定冠词a或an,则表示“再，又”。 Youll have to do it a second time.3. 表示编号时，可用“序数词+名词”或“名词+基数词”。 Lets study the fifth lesson.=lets study Lesson Five.3、 加、减、乘、除的英文表达1. 2 plus 2 is four.2. 6 minus 3 is three.3. 7 multiplied by 8 is 56.4. 16 divided by 4 is 4.Unit3 一、形容词比较级和最高级A. 大多数形容词有三种形式，原级，比较级和最高级，以表示形容词说明的性质在程度上的不同。B. 形容词的原级:形容词的原级形式就是词典中出现的形容词的原形。例如:poor, tall, great，glad, bad等C. 形容词的比较级和最高级:形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。1. 规则变化如下;一、 变化规则1.规则变化：（1）一般在词尾加er或est：bright _ _; （2）以不发音的e字母结尾的加r,或st：large; _ _ （3）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为I加er或est: easy_ _；（4）以辅元辅重读结尾的词先双写最后一个辅音字母，再加er或est: fat_ _（5）多音节词前加more或most, 副词最高级前省略the：beautiful_ _ (6 ) 部分形容词本身表示最高级，因此他们没有比较级和最高级形式：favorite round 2、 不规则变化： good, well; bad, badly, ill; much, many; little; far; （slowly） 注：只有少数形容词和副词有两种比较级和最高级形式：clever lucky2.常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级:3. 形容词前如加less和least则表示“较不”和.最不”important less important least important4. 形容词和副词等级的用法一、原级的用法1修饰原级的词通常有very，quite，so，too等例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。My brother runs so fast that I cant follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。 2.原级常用的句型结构(1) A. 形容词 “甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。 Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。 B. 副词“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。 Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍(2) A. 形容词 “甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙 例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。 B. 副词“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙例如，He doesnt walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。二、比较级的用法1. 可以修饰比较级的词，much，a lot，far，的多a little，a bit，一点儿； even甚至，still仍然例如Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two.第一课比第二课容易得多。Tom looks even younger than before.汤姆甚至比以前更年轻。This train runs much faster than that one.这辆火车比那辆跑地快。She drives still more carefully than her husband.她开车仍然比她丈夫还认真。 2. 2.比较级常用的句型结构(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。 “甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙”或“甲比乙几倍”例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍(2) A. 形容词 “甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”，含义 “甲最”。例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。 注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长 B. 副词 “甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都”， 含义是“甲最”。例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。 注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Toms class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生到校都早。(迈克和 汤姆不是同一个班)(3)“甲+be+the+形容词比较级+of the two+”表示“甲是两者中较的”。例如：Look at the two boys.My brother is the taller of the two.看那两个男孩，我弟弟是两个当中较高的那个。(4)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越”。例如，He is getting taller and taller.他变得越来越高了。The flowers are more and more beautiful.花儿越来越漂亮。He does his homework more and more carefully.他做作业越来越认真了。 (5)“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越，越”。例如，The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes youll make.你越认真，犯的错误越少。 (6)“特殊疑问词+be+形容词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Which is bigger，the earth or the moon？哪一个大，地球还是月球？ “特殊疑问词+实意动词+副词比较级，甲or乙？”例如，Who draws better，Jenny or Danny？谁画得比较好，詹妮还是丹尼？3. 最高级常用句型结构(1)“主语+be+the+形容词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如，Tom is the tallest in his class./of all the students.This apple is the biggest of the five. “主语+实意动词+(the)+副词最高级+单数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最的”。例如，I jump (the) farthest in my class.(2)“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词+in/of短语”表示“是中最之一”。例如，Beijing is one of the largest cities in China.北京是中国最大城市之一。 (3)“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 例如，Which country is the largest，China，Brazil or Canada？“特殊疑问词+be+the+副词最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较例如，Which season do you like (the) best，spring，summer or autumn？Unit1语法专练单项选择题1. We have_apples. But we dont have_ bananas. A.some;some B.any;any C.some;any D.any;some2. Is there_ in this book? A.something interesting B,anything interesting C.interesting something D.interesting anything3. -Is _ here? - Yes, we are all here. A.anybody B.everybody C.somebody D.nobody4. - Does_ know the answer to the question? -Me. A.everybody B.anybody C.somebody D.nobody5. -Peter has nothing to do at the moment. - Let me give him_ to read. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing6.I asked my friend for some ink, but she didnt have . A. some B. any C. no D. a lot7.Parents should understand that they cant do_for their children and kids have to learn to be independent. A. something B. nothing C. everything D. Anything8.I felt so hungry at midnight, but I couldnt find _ to eat in my flat. A. everything B. something C. anything D. Nothing9.The English guest could speak only Chinese, but she managed to communicate with us. A. few B. little C. a little D. a few10.-Have you brought _ with you? We wont have time to come back. -Dont worry. All the things we need are here, in this big bag. A. something B. anything C. nothing D. EverythingKeys: 1-5CBBBB 6-10BCCCDUnit2语法专练1. -Can you write the number eighty-five thousand,six hundred and twenty-six? - Yes, it is_. A. 856,620 B. 85,626 C. 58,662 D. 58,6262. September _ is Teachers Day. A.the ten B.the tenth C.the tens D. Ten 3. -How many new words are there in_lesson? -There are only_. A.nine;three B.ninth; three C.the ninth; the three D.the ninth; three4. -Which room do you live in? -I live in_. A. Room 405 B.the 405s room C.the 405 room D. Room 405th5. There are _of students in our school but only_of them are boys. A.hundreds; two hundred B.hundred; two hundreds C. Hundreds; two hundreds D.hundred; two hundred6. _plus seven is thirteen. A. Five B. Six C. Eight D. Nine 7. Were the students of_. A. Grade Three B. Three Grade C.the Grade Three D.the Three Grade8. The road is over_metres long. A.six hundred and fifty-two B.six hundreds and fifty-two C.six hundred,fifty-two D.six hundred;fifty and two9. -What should we do now,Mr. Black? -Please turn to Page_ and look at the_picture.A. Twelve;fifth B. Twelfth; fifth C. Twelve ;five D. Twelfth ;five10. There are_ in our classroom.A.hundred of books B.the hundreds of books C.hundreds of booksD.hundred of bookKeys:BBDAABAAACUnit3-4语法专项训练1、 写出下列单词的比较级和最高级 1.large_ _ 2.happy_ _ 3.big_ _4.easy_ _ 5.important_ _ 6.interesting _ _ 7.early _ _ 8.clever_ _ 9.expensive_ _ 10. careful_ _ 11.good/well_ _ 12.many/much_ _ 13.little_ _ 14.far_ _ 15.bad/ill_ _1. larger largest 2.happier happiest 3.bigger biggest 4.easier easiest5. more important most important 6.more interesting most interesting 7.earlier earliest8. cleverer cleverest 9.more expensive most expensive 10.more careful most careful11. better best 12.more most 13. less least 14.farther/further farthest/furthest 15.worse worst二单项选择题。1. _Dad ,how can I get on well with my classmates?Try to be friendly to them .That will make it much_.A.easily B.more easily C.easy D.easier2. I think these cards are than those cards. A. niceB. nicerC. nicestD. the nicest3.Which city is your favorite? Hangzhou, of course. Its the _place that I want to visit. A. worse B. worst C. better D .best 4.Which do you like , summer or winter?I prefer summer.A. goodB. well C. betterD. best 5.Whose home is _ away from school in our class? Liu Meis. A. father B. far C. the farthest D. near6.Many people eat_ meat than they did before.Yes, thats why theyre getting fatter and fatter.A. more B. less C. fewer D. Much7. There used to be lots of fish in the lake. Yes, but there are very _ now. A. few B. fewer C. little D. less8.Nanjing isnt so large _ Shanghai, however, its the second _ city in East China. A. like; largest B. as; largest C. like; large D. as; large 9.The actress is already 50, but she looks _ than she really is.A. young B. more young C. more younger D. much younger10. Is the meeting-room _ to hold 200 people? （2011天河区一模）- Dont worry. It can hold more than 250 people. A. big enough B. bigger enough C. enough big D. enough bigger 11.Of all the subjects,Math seems to be_for me. A.difficult B.too difficult C.more difficult D.the most difficult12. -Hi,Ella.Which is the_ street in your city? -High Street.Many people go shopping there. A.busier B.quieter C.busiest D.quietest 13.During this years Reading Week, I read the most books in our class.No one reads_books than I I. A.many B.more C.few D.fewer14. Takings buses in Beijing is _ than taking a taxi. A.more cheap B.much cheaper C.a little cheap D.less cheaper15. Yao Ming is_ Chinese basketball player that ever player in NBA. A.tall B.taller C.tallest D.the tallestKeys:DBDCC AABDA DCBBD8
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