2018年高考英语试题全国卷一(含答案)

2018年高考英语全国卷I（含答案） （考试时间100分钟 满分：120分）第一部分、听力（略）第二部分、阅读理解（满分40分）第一节(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。AWashington, D. C Bicycle ToursCherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.Duration:3 hoursThis small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability-and the cherry blossoms-disappear！Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle TourDuration: 3 hours(4 miles)Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. CDuration: 3 hoursMorning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D. C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle TourDuration:3 hours (7 miles)Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.21.Which tour do you need to book in advance?A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C.B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D. CD.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.22. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park.C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories.23. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide？A.City maps. B.Cameras. C.Meals. D.Safety lights.BGood Morning Britains Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning，but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role - showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget。In Save Money: Good Food, she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste, while preparing recipes for under 5 per family a day. And the Good Morning Britain presenter says shes been able to put a lot of what shes learnt into practice in her own home, preparing meals for sons, Sam, 14, Finn, 13, and Jack, 11.“We love Mexican churros so I buy them on my phone from my local Mexican takeaway restaurant, she explains. I pay 5 for a portion （份），but Matt makes them for 26p a portion, because they are flour, water, sugar and oil. Everybody can buy takeaway food, but sometimes we re not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.”The eight-part series(系列节目), Save money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of I TVs Save Money：Good Health, which gave viewers advice on how to get value from the vast range of health products on the market.With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonights Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the familys long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.24.What do we know about Susanna Reid？A.She enjoys embarrassing her guests. B.She has started a new programme.C.She dislikes working early in the morning. D.She has had a tight budget for her family.25. How does Matt Tebbutt help SusannaA.He buys cooking materials for her. B.He prepares food for her kids.C.He assists her in cooking matters. D.He invites guest families for her.26.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4？A.Summarize the previous paragraphs. B.Provide some advice for the readers.C.Add some background information. D: Introduce a new topic for discussion.27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily DietC.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking Well for LessCLanguages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers，small，tightly knit(联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12, 000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, anddominantlanguages such as English，Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6, 800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1, 000; Africa 2, 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number(中位数) of speakers is mere 6,000, which that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6, 800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon （eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150), Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast B.They were large in numberC.They had similar patterns D.They were closely connected29. Which of the following best explains dominant underlined in paragraph 2？A.Complex B.Advanced C.Powerful. D.Modern30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present？A.About 6,800 B.About 3,400 C.About 2,400 D.About 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text？A.New languages will be created.B.Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.DWe may think were a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置)well after they go out of style. Thats bad news for the environment- and our wallets - as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life - from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s.Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers， basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.And WP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002，before tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old ones. The living-room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids room, and suddenly one day ，you have a TV in every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. Were not just keeping these old devices - We continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitts team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.So what s the solution(解决方案)? The team s data only went up to2007， but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.32. What does the author think of new devices?A.They are environment-friendly. B.They are no better than the old.C.They cost more to use at home. D.They go out of style quickly.33. Why did Babbitts team conduct the research?A.To reduce the cost of minerals.B.To test the life cycle of a product.C.To update consumers on new technology.D.To find out electricity consumption of the devices.34. Which of the following uses the least energy?A.The box-set TV. B.The tablet. C.The LCD TV. D.The desktop computer.35. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?A.Stop using them B.Take them apart C.Upgrade them. D.Recycle them.第二节 (共5小题：每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Color is fundamental in home design-something youll always have in every room. A grasp of how to manage color in your spaces in one of the first steps to creating rooms youll love to live in. Do you want a room thats full of life? Professional ? Or are you just looking for a place to relax after a long day?36 _, color is the key to making a room feel the way you want it to feelOver the years, there have been a number of different techniques to help designers approach this important point. 37 ，they can get a little complex. But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones._38_，Theyre the little spots of color like throw pillows, mirrors and baskets that most of us use to add visual interest to our rooms. Less tiring than painting your walls and less expensive than buying a colorful sofa, small color choices bring with them the significant benefit of being easily changeable.Medium color choices are generally furniture pieces such as sofas, dinner tables or bookshelves.39 .They require a bigger commitment than smaller ones, and they have a more powerful effect on the feeling of a space.The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether youre looking at wallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant.40_ .A. While all of them are usefulB. Whatever youre looking forC. If youre experimenting with a colorD. Small color choices are the ones were most familiar withE. its not really a good idea to use too many small color piecesF. So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first timeG. Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways第二部分、语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I41the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesnt want to 42 a few dollars? More than that, Id always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I werent43enough about free credits, news about our44 was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which 45 I would be learning from one of the games46 I could hardly wait to47him.Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this48was no game for him ; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it49 that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to50 the class among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to51what we would learn in class to our future professions and52 .to our lives. I managed to get an A in that53 and leaned life lessons that have served me well beyond the54.Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I m still putting to use what he55me：“the absolute most important56that you learn when you play chess is how to make good57. On every single move you have to58a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and59the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my60 as a journalist.41.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down42.A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay43.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired44.A.title B.competitor C.textbook D.instructor45.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant46.A.fastest B.easiest C.best D.rarest47.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat48.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job49.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible50.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe51.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare52.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally53.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment54.A.criterion B.classroom C.department D.situation55.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised56.A.fact B.step C.manner D.skill57.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments58.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control59.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate60.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior.第二节、语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years _61_(long) than non-runners, You dont have to run fast or for long_62_(see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of_63_(die) early by running.While running regularly cant make you live forever，the review says it_64_(be)more effective at lengthening life_65_walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014_66_showed a mere five to 10 minute a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all_67_（cause）.The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise.its probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to_68_(strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and its always_69_(energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as othersports, so perhaps we should all give_70_a try.第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分35分）.第一节 短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip，I told my father thatI planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.第二节 书面表达(满分25分)假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括：1.到达时间 2.合适的礼物 3.餐桌礼仪注意:1词数100左右；2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 .温馨提醒各位高考考生：网上核对答案估分应以正规官方教育部网站发布的答案为标准！2018年高考英语全国卷（一）试题与参考答案（说明；此答案仅供参考）第一部分、听力（略）第二部分、阅读理解（共两节，每小题2分，满分40分）：第一节（满分30分）：A篇：ADD.；B篇：BCCD；C篇：BCBC；D篇：ADBA 第二节（满分10分）：BADGF第三部分、语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第1节、 完形填空（每小题1.5分，满分30分）：BCADD；CBDCB；CACBA；DBADA第2节、 语法填空：（每小题1.5分分，满分15分）61.longer; 62.to see; 63.dying; 64.is; 65.than;66.that/which; 67.causes; 68.strengthen; 69.energetic; 70.it/running第4部分、 作文（满分35分）第1节、 短文改错（每小题1分，满分10分）：1. 在countryside前加the； 2.find改为found； 3.another改为other；4把again前的.here改为there；5.chicken改为chickens; 6. 在which前加in或把which改为where；7. sell改为selling；8.happily改为happy 9.but 改为and .第2节、 书面表达（满分25分）。【参考范文】Dear Terry, How are you doing? In your last letter, you asked me about being a guest to a Chinese friends home. Now, I am writing to inform you of some relevant details. To begin with, according to our tradition, you are supposed to arrive early, so that you can help the family prepare the dinner, which is meaningful and interesting. Besides, youd better bring some gifts, like a book or a Chinese knot. Whats more, when you are enjoying the meal, you need to avoid making noises while chewing food.Hopefully, these suggestions would be helpful for you. I have the confidence that you will have a great time.Best wishes! Yours,Li Hua