2022-2023年考博英语-江西师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第7期

2022-2023年考博英语-江西师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题The car manufacturer has laid _ 1, 000workers because of the drop in sales.问题1选项A.outB.downC.asideD.off【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. out 向外 B. down 向下C. aside 离开，在旁边 D. off 离开【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】由the drop in sales（销量下降）可知，空格处应该表示“解雇了1000名工人”，lay off固定搭配，表示“解雇，停止工作”。因此，该题选择D项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项lay out（展示，安排）、B选项lay down（放下，制定）、C选项lay aside（搁置，留存）均不符合句意。【句意】由于销量下降，这家汽车制造商已经解雇了1000名工人。2. 单选题Paul was so _ about his baldness that he wore a hat, whether it was winter or summer.问题1选项A.self-composedB.self-consciousC.self-confessedD.self-confident【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. self-composed 镇定的，沉着的 B. self-conscious 难为情的，自己意识到的C. self-confessed 自动坦白的，公开承认的 D. self-confident 自信的【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】由baldness（秃顶）可知，Paul对此是难为情的，所以self-conscious符合句意。因此，该题选择B项正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项都不符合句意。【句意】保罗对自己的秃顶感到很难为情，无论是冬天还是夏天，他都戴帽子。3. 单选题The staff in the kitchen has _ the message that a customer wanted a special dish.问题1选项A.orderedB.receivedC.pointedD.accepted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. ordered 点餐 B. received 接收C. pointed 指定 D. accepted 接受【考查点】动宾搭配与语义衔接【解题思路】原句语义为“厨房里的工作人员_顾客想要一份特色菜的信息”，原句想表达的是厨房里的人知道有位顾客想要一份特色菜这件事了，空格处所填动词搭配的宾语是“消息；信息（message）”。B选项received“接收”符合动宾搭配和语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A选项ordered“点餐”，不符合动宾搭配；C选项pointed“指定”，不符合动宾搭配；D选项accepted“接受”，侧重于指认同所收到的信息，不太符合原句语义衔接。【句意】厨房里的工作人员接收到了顾客想要一份特色菜的信息。4. 单选题Art is considered by many people to be little more than a decorative means of giving pleasure. This is not always the case, however; at times, art may be seen to have a purely functional side as well. Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead. To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.During the ceremony, which may last from 2 to 9 days, the “singer” will produce a sand painting on the floor of the Navaho hogan (泥盖木屋). On the last day of the ceremony, the patient will sit on this sand painting and the “singer” will rub the ailing parts of the patients body with sand from a specific figure in the sand painting. In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it. After the ceremony, the sand painting is then destroyed and disposed of so its power will not harm anyone.The art of sand painting is handed down from old “singers” to their students. The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized （替弄碎）by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour. The “singer” holds a small amount of this sand in his hand and lets it flow between his thumb and fore-finger onto a clean, flat surface on the floor. With a steady hand and great patience, he is thus able to create designs of stylized people, snakes and other creatures that have power in the Navaho belief system. The traditional Navaho does not allow reproduction of sand paintings, since he believes the supernatural powers that taught him the craft have forbidden this; however, such reproductions can in fact be purchased today in tourist shops in Arizona and New Mexico. These are done by either Navaho Indians or by other people who wish to preserve this craft.1. The purpose of the passage is to_.2. The purpose of a healing ceremony lies in_.3. The “singer” rubs sand on the patient because_.4. What is used to produce a sand painting?5. Which of the following titles will be best to suit the passage?问题1选项A.discuss the medical uses of sand paintings in medieval EuropeB.study the ways Navaho Indians handed down their painting artC.consider how Navaho “singers” treat their ailments with sand paintingsD.tell how Navaho Indians apply sand painting for medical purposes问题2选项A.pleasing the ghostsB.attracting supernatural powersC.attracting ghostsD.creating a sand painting问题3选项A.the patient receives strength from the sandB.it has pharmaceutical valueC.it decorates the patientD.none of the above问题4选项A.PaintB.Beach sandC.Rushed sandstoneD.Flour问题5选项A.A New Direction for Medical ResearchB.The Navaho Indians Sand PaintingsC.The Process of Sand Painting CreationD.The Navaho Indians Medical History【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步关注首段核心句，首段核心句是第一段最后一句Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.“美国西南部纳瓦霍族印第安人的沙画就是这样；这些具有医学和艺术目的”。第二步，分析文章的行文结构，文章的行文是总分结构，先通过艺术也可以有其实际功能性这个话题引出美国印第安人的一种沙画，第二段讲述沙画的用途，第三段讲述“沙画”这种仪式的具体过程，最后一段讲沙画的传承。第三步，提炼复现词，第一段these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose（这些具有医学和艺术目的）指的是沙画兼具艺术性和目的性；第二段To counteract this evil contact.（为了对抗这种邪恶的接触）这里讲述了沙画的医疗目的；第三段倒数第二句In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being（通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊的超自然生物的力量）这里是讲述的沙画如何实现它的医疗目的；第四段down from，preserve这里可知这段讲述的是沙画的传承。综上可知文章的目的是为了讲述纳瓦霍印第安人如何将沙画用于医疗目的，所以答案选D“描述纳瓦霍印第安人如何将沙画用于医学目的”。A选项“讨论中世纪欧洲的沙画的医学用途”，定位到第一段最后一句话Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest.，从这里可知位置应该定位到美国而不是欧洲，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“研究纳瓦霍印第安人传承他们绘画艺术的方式”，文章只是在第四段提到沙画的传承方式，不是文章的目的，这里属于以偏概全。C选项“考虑纳瓦霍歌手如何用沙画来治疗他们的疾病”，文章在第三段谈到“歌手”是如何用沙画来治愈患者的，不是文章的目的，这里属于以偏概全。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第二段第二句话To counteract this evil contact, the ill person or one of his relatives will employ a medicine man called a “singer” to perform a healing ceremony which will attract a powerful supernatural being.（为了对抗这种邪恶的接触，病人或他的一个亲戚会雇佣一个被称为“歌手”的药师来执行一个治疗仪式，这将吸引一个强大的超自然的存在），从这里可知答案选B。A选项“取悦鬼魂”，定位到第二段第一句话According to Navaho traditions, one who suffers from either a mental or a physical illness has in some way disturbed or come in contact with the supernatural perhaps a certain animal, a ghost, or the dead.从这里可知因为人被超自然能力折磨所以才生病，这种超自然能力可能是动物、鬼魂或者逝者，而做仪式的目的是抵抗这个超自然能力，不是为了取悦鬼魂，所以这里属于反向干扰。C选项“吸引鬼魂”与A选项相同，做仪式的目的是抵抗这个超自然能力，不是为了吸引鬼魂，这里属于反向干扰。D选项“创造沙画”与A选项相同，做仪式的目的是抵抗这个超自然能力，不是为了创造沙画，这里属于反向干扰。3.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到文章第一段最后一句话these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose“这些具有医学和艺术目的”，第二步寻找上下文线索，从这里可知沙画有医疗作用，用沙子摩擦背部是医疗的一部分，所以答案选B选项“这有医疗价值”。A选项“病人从沙子中获得力量” 根据题干定位到第三段倒数第二句话In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being and becomes strong like it.“通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊的超自然的力量，并变得像它一样强大”，由这里可知用沙子摩擦病人是为了赶走疾病。从前文可知，“歌手”画沙画的目的是为了吸引超自然存在，因此用沙子摩擦病人不是为了从沙子里获取力量，而是为了获取被沙画吸引过来的超自然存在的力量从而达到赶走疾病的目的，这里属于偷换概念。C选项“这用来装饰病人”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“以上都不是”，因为B选项正确，所以D选项错误，这里属于反向干扰。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，根据题干定位到第四段第二句话The materials used are easily found in the areas the Navaho inhabit; brown, red, yellow, and white sandstone, which is pulverized by being crushed between 2 stones much as corn is ground into flour.“使用的材料很容易在纳瓦霍人居住的地区找到；棕色、红色、黄色和白色的砂岩，它们被两块石头压碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一样”。第二步，综合理解，从这里可知沙画选材来自于sandstone“砂石”，所以答案选C选项“砂石”。A选项“油画”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“海滩上的沙子”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“面粉”，定位到文章第四段第二句（见A选项），这里只是把砂石碾碎的过程比作玉米碾成面粉的过程，与沙画选材没有关系，这里属于曲解原文。5.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步关注首段核心句，首段核心句是第一段最后一句Such could be said of the sand paintings of the Navaho Indians of the American Southwest; these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose.“美国西南部纳瓦霍族印第安人的沙画就是这样；这些具有医学和艺术目的”。第二步，分析文章的行文结构，文章的行文是总分结构，先通过艺术也可以有其实际功能性这个话题引出美国印第安人的一种沙画，第二段讲述沙画的用途，第三段讲述“沙画”这种仪式的具体过程，最后一段讲沙画的传承。第三步，提炼复现词，第一段these have a medicinal as well as an artistic purpose“这些具有医学和艺术目的”，指的是沙画兼具艺术性和目的性；第二段To counteract this evil contact.（为了对抗这种邪恶的接触）这里讲述了沙画的医疗目的；第三段倒数第二句In this way the patient absorbs the power of that particular supernatural being（通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊的超自然生物的力量）这里是讲述沙画如何实现它的医疗目的；第四段down from，preserve这段讲述的是沙画的传承。综上可知整篇文章都是围绕着纳瓦霍族印第安人的沙画来展开的，所以B选项“纳瓦霍印第安人的沙画”作为题目最为合适。A选项“医学研究的新方向”，文章只是提到沙画的医疗作用，但是没有说明这对现代医学有什么影响，这里属于无中生有。C选项“沙画创作过程”，这只是文章第三段提到，不是整篇文章的中心，所以不能选，这里属于以偏概全。D选项“纳瓦霍印第安人的医疗历史”，文章只是提到沙画的医疗作用，没有讲到印第安人的医疗史，这里属于无中生有。5. 单选题Each summer, no matter how pressing my work schedule, I take off one day exclusively for my son. We call it dad-son day. This year our third stop was the amusement park, where he discovered that he was tall enough to ride one of the fastest roller coasters (过山车) in the world. We blasted through face-stretching turns and loops for ninety seconds. Then, as we stepped off the ride, he shrugged and, in a distressingly calm voice, remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides hed been on. As I listened, I began to sense something seriously out of balance.Throughout the season, I noticed similar events all around me. Parents seemed hard pressed to find new thrills for indifferent kids. Surrounded by ever-greater stimulation, their young faces were looking disappointed and bored.Facing their childrens complaints of “nothing to do”, parents were shelling out large numbers of dollars for various forms of entertainment. In many cases the money seemed to do little more than buy transient relief from the terrible moans of their bored children. This set me pondering the obvious question: “How can it be so hard for kids to find something to do when theres never been such a range of stimulating entertainment available to them?”What really worries me is the intensity of the stimulation. watch my little daughters face as she absorbs the powerful onslaught(冲击) of arousing visuals and bloody special effects in movies.Why do children immersed in this much excitement seem starved for more? That was, I realized, the point. I discovered during my own reckless adolescence that what creates excitement is not going fast, but going faster. Thrills have less to do with speed than changes in speed.Im concerned about the cumulative effect of years at these levels of feverish activity. It is no mystery to me why many teenagers appear apathetic(麻木的) and burned out, with a “been there, done that” air of indifference toward much of life. As increasing numbers of friends children are prescribed medicationsstimulants to deal with inattentiveness at school or anti-depressants to help with the loss of interest and joy in their livesI question the role of kids boredom in some of the diagnoses.My own work is focused on the chemical imbalances and biological factors related to behavioral and emotional disorders. These are complex problems. Yet Ive been reflecting more and more on how the pace of life and the intensity of stimulation may be contributing to the rising rates of psychiatric problems among children and adolescents in our society.11. The author felt surprised in the amusement park at the fact that_.12. According to the author, children are bored_.13. From his own experience, the author came to the conclusion that children seem to expect_.14. In Paragraph 6, the author expresses his doubt about the effectiveness of trying to change childrens indifference toward much of life by_.15. In order to alleviate childrens boredom, the author would probably suggest_.问题1选项A.his son was not as thrilled by the roller coasters ride as expectedB.his son blasted through the turns and loops with his face stretchedC.his son appeared distressed but calm while riding the roller coastersD.his son could keep his balance so well on the fast moving roller coasters问题2选项A.unless their parents can find new thrills for themB.when they dont have any access to stimulating fun gamesC.when they are left alone at weekends by their working parentsD.even if they are exposed to more and more kinds of entertainment问题3选项A.a much wider variety of sports facilitiesB.activities that require sophisticated skillsC.ever-changing thrilling forms of recreationD.physical exercises that are more challenging问题4选项A.diverting their interest from electronic visual gamesB.prescribing medications for their temporary reliefC.creating more stimulating activities for themD.spending more money on their entertainment问题5选项A.adjusting the pace of life and intensity of stimulationB.promoting the practice of dad-son daysC.consulting a specialist in child psychologyD.balancing school work with extracurricular activities【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】11. 【选项释义】11. The author felt surprised in the amusement park at the fact that_. 11. 在游乐园里，作者感到惊讶是因为_。A. his son was not as thrilled by the roller coasters ride as expected A. 他的儿子并没有像预期的那样对坐过山车感到兴奋B. his son blasted through the turns and loops with his face stretched B. 他的儿子拉长了脸，飞快地转着圈C. his son appeared distressed but calm while riding the roller coasters C. 他的儿子在坐过山车时看起来很痛苦，但很平静D. his son could keep his balance so well on the fast moving roller coasters D. 他的儿子能在快速移动的过山车上保持平衡【考查点】推理判断题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到第一段第五句“然后，当我们下了车，他耸了耸肩，用一种令人沮丧的平静的声音说，这趟车不像他以前坐过的其他车那么刺激（as exciting as）”。第二步，寻找上下文线索，从关键词asas 可知“儿子”本来对过山车有期待的，但是坐完之后有点失望，因为感到惊讶，所以作者思考了这件事，因此答案选A选项“他的儿子并没有像预期的那样对坐过山车感到兴奋”。【干扰项排除】B选项“他的儿子拉长了脸，飞快地转着圈”定位到“我们在90秒的时间里不停地扭着脸”，这里虽然和B选项一致，但是这是事实，作者不会为此感到惊讶的；C选项“他的儿子在坐过山车时看起来很痛苦，但很平静”，见B选项，C选项不是儿子坐过山车的反应；D选项“他的儿子能在快速移动的过山车上保持平衡”，见B选项，D选项不是儿子坐过山车的反应。12 【选项释义】12. According to the author, children are bored_. 12. 根据作者的说法，孩子们很无聊_。A. unless their parents can find new thrills for them A. 除非他们的父母能为他们找到新的刺激B. when they dont have any access to stimulating fun games B. 当他们没有机会玩刺激有趣的游戏时C. when they are left alone at weekends by their working parents C. 当他们在周末被工作的父母单独留下的时候D. even if they are exposed to more and more kinds of entertainment D. 即使他们接触到越来越多的娱乐节目【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第三段第三句话“这让我思考一个显而易见的问题：“在从来没有如此多的刺激娱乐活动可供他们选择的情况下，孩子们怎么能这么难（hard）找到事情做呢?”，第二步，综合理解，作者认为很奇怪，因为即使有这么多刺激的东西，孩子还是觉得无聊，所以答案选D选项“即使他们接触到越来越多的娱乐节目”。【干扰项排除】A选项“除非他们的父母能为他们找到新的刺激”，定位到文章第三段第二句话“在许多情况下，这些钱似乎只是暂时缓解（relief）了孩子们无聊的可怕呻吟”，由此可知即使父母给他们寻找刺激，孩子还是无聊，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“当他们没有机会玩刺激有趣的游戏时”，见正确选项解析，这里属于反向干扰。C选项“当他们在周末被工作的父母单独留下的时候”，文章没有提及周末孩子被父母单独留下，这里属于无中生有。13 【选项释义】13. From his own experience, the author came to the conclusion that children seem to expect_. 13. 作者从自己的经历中得出结论，孩子们似乎期待_。A. a much wider variety of sports facilities A. 更多种类的运动设施B. activities that require sophisticated skills B. 需要复杂技能的活动C. ever-changing thrilling forms of recreation C. 不断变化的令人兴奋的娱乐形式D. physical exercises that are more challenging D. 更具挑战性的体育锻炼【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，定位到文章第五段“我在自己鲁莽的青春期发现，创造兴奋的不是快速，而是变得更快（faster）”。第二步，综合理解，从这里孩子们期待兴奋，而兴奋的来源是更快的速度，由此可知答案选C选项“不断变化的令人兴奋的娱乐形式”。【干扰项排除】A选项“更多种类的运动设施”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；B选项“需要复杂技能的活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“更具挑战性的体育锻炼”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。14. 【选项释义】14. In Paragraph 6, the author expresses his doubt about the effectiveness of trying to change childrens indifference toward much of life by_. 14. 在第6段中，作者表达了他对通过_试图改变孩子们对生活冷漠态度的有效性的怀疑。A. diverting their interest from electronic visual games A. 转移他们对电子视觉游戏的兴趣B. prescribing medications for their temporary relief B. 为他们的暂时缓解开药物C. creating more stimulating activities for them C. 为他们创造更多刺激的活动D. spending more money on their entertainment D. 花更多的钱在他们的娱乐上【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】第一步，精准定位，第六段最后一句“随着越来越多朋友的孩子被开了药物治疗用兴奋剂来治疗在学校的注意力不集中，用抗抑郁药来帮助他们在生活中失去兴趣和快乐我质疑（question）孩子的无聊在某些诊断中的作用。”，第二步，综合理解，由此可知现在孩子们治疗无聊的方法是吃药，但是作者对这种做法提出了质疑，所以答案选B选项“为他们的暂时缓解开药物”。【干扰项排除】A选项“转移他们对电子视觉游戏的兴趣”，文章没有提及这种解决无聊的方法，这里属于无中生有；C选项“为他们创造更多刺激的活动”，定位到文章第三段第三句话“这让我思考一个显而易见的问题：“在从来没有如此多的刺激娱乐活动可供他们选择的情况下，孩子们怎么能这么难（hard）找到事情做呢?”，由此可知作者已经明说刺激活动解决不了孩子的无聊，这里的态度不是质疑的态度，这里属于偷换概念；D选项“花更多的钱在他们的娱乐上”，定位到文章第三段第二句话“在许多情况下，这些钱似乎只是暂时缓解（relief）了孩子们无聊的可怕呻吟”，由此可知这是父母现在的做法，作者是持否定态度的，作者很肯定地说这种做法是没有用的，不是质疑态度，所以D选项属于偷换概念。15. 【选项释义】15. In order to alleviate childrens boredom, the author would probably suggest_. 15. 为了减轻孩子们的无聊感，作者可能会建议_。A. adjusting the pace of life and intensity of stimulation A. 调整生活节奏和刺激强度B. promoting the practice of dad-son days B. 提倡父子日的做法C. consulting a specialist in child psychology C. 咨询儿童心理学专家D. balancing school work with extracurricular activities D. 平衡学校工作和课外活动【考查点】判断推理题【解题思路】第一步，寻找句内线索，定位到最后一段最后一句话“然而，我一直在越来越多地思考，生活的节奏和刺激的强度可能是导致（may be contributing to）我们社会中儿童和青少年精神问题发病率上升的原因”，作者推测出儿童感觉到无聊的原因，既然找出了原因那么作者最可能会根据这个原因来提出建议，所以答案选A选项“调整生活节奏和刺激强度”。【干扰项排除】B选项“提倡父子日的做法”，这是作者和自己的儿子之间的做法，只是文章没有说父子日的好处，如果作者想推行这个做法的话应该把好处一一列出来，所以这里属于推理过度；C选项“咨询儿童心理学专家”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有；D选项“平衡学校工作和课外活动”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。6. 单选题More _ than not, Dad is the last one to speak.问题1选项A.alwaysB.oftenC.frequentD.so【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. always 总是 B. often 经常C. frequent 频繁的 D. so 这样【考查点】固定搭配【解题思路】根据前后有More _ than not推断，本题考查的是固定搭配more often than not“通常；往往”，因此，B选项often“经常”符合搭配要求。另外as often as not也表示“通常；往往”。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项不符合原文搭配。【句意】父亲通常是最后一个讲话的。7. 单选题People want action on noise, a recent public meeting in Brisbane showed. Some want technical improvements such as quieter air conditioners or better sound barriers around major roads. Others want tougher laws to restrict noise from building sites or to require owners to take responsibility for barking dogs. But the highest priority was a noise complaints system that works.Brisbane City Council receives more complaints about noise than all other problems put together. So it conducted a survey and found that about half its residents are upset by noise in one form or anothertraffic, mowers, pool pumps, air conditioners or loud parties. This inspired the Council to bring together more than 100 citizens one evening to talk through a range of options.The meeting found the present regulatory system bizarre. Depending on the problem, responsibility for noise can lie with the Council, the Environment Protection Authority, one of three government departments or even the police. So complainants often feel they are getting the run-round. When the people at the forum were asked to vote for changes, the strongest response was for a 24-hour, noise hotline to be the first port of call for all complaints.The forum also favored regulatory measures, such as tougher minimum standards for noise in appliances like air conditioners. This even makes economic sense, as noise is a waste of energyand money. Other measures the meeting supported were wider buffer zones around noisy activities and controls to keep heavy traffic away from residential areas.But there are obvious conflicts. Many people like to have a bar within walking distance if they feel like a drink, but they dont want a noisy pub keeping them awake when they want an early night. Most people want to live near a major road providing good access to other parts of the city, but they dont want the problem of road noise.I was most interested by the proposals aimed at behavioral change. There was strong support for measures to reduce traffic: better public transport, cycleways and footpaths, even charges for road use. Many people optimistically thought industry awards for better equipment would stimulate the production of quieter appliances. It was even suggested that noise from building sites could be alleviated if Brisbane adopted daylight saving, thus shifting the working day and providing longer, quieter evenings.51. In the recent public meeting in Brisbane, people showed greatest dissatisfaction with _.52. By saying that the complainants feel that “they are getting the run-round”, the author means _.53. Which of the following measures is mentioned as not only beneficial environ