2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解40

2022年考博英语-暨南大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题International sport should create goodwill between the nations, but in the present organization of the Olympics somehow encourages（ ）patriotism.问题1选项A.obsoleteB.aggressiveC.harmoniousD.amiable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。obsolete “陈旧的，过时的”；aggressive“侵略性的；好斗的；激进的”；harmonious“和谐的”；amiable“亲切的；友好的”，此处应该选择一个形容词来修饰“爱国主义”，这种爱国主义与国际体育中倡导的国家之间的友谊是相对的，故此处最恰当的形容词是aggressive。句意：国际体育应该增进两国之间的友谊，但是目前的奥林匹克组织在某种程度上倡导爱国主义。故正确答案为选项B。2. 单选题What the film company needs is an actor who can take on any kinds of（ ）roles.问题1选项A.diverseB.versatileC.variableD.changeable【答案】A【解析】本题考查了形容词辨析。diverse“不同的，多种多样的”；versatile“多才多艺的”；variable“变化的；可变的”；changeable“易变的；可变的”，根据题意可推知电影公司需要的是能够扮演不同角色的演员，四个选项中能够表示“不同的，多样的”只有diverse，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这家电影公司需要的是一个能担当各种不同角色的演员。3. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。paradoxes “悖论；矛盾的事物”；legacies “遗产”；platitudes “平凡；陈词滥调”；analogies“类比；类推”，根据when a people dies“在一个人死的时候”和distributed“分发”，可知此处指的是遗产的分发。句意：一个人去世的时候，在分之前他的债务必须偿还清楚。正确答案为选项B。4. 单选题Last week the financial manager asked for a（ ）to Beijing branch, which was just set up three months ago.问题1选项A.transferB.transmissionC.transformationD.transport【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项transfer“（地点的）转移，（工作的）调动”；B选项transmission“传递，传送；播送”；C选项transformation“转化，转换”；D选项transport“运输”。根据句意“上个星期财务部经理申请转去三个月前刚成立的北京分公司”，本句表示工作上的调动，句中which was just set up three months ago作非限制性定语从句，修饰Beijing branch, 因此A选项正确。5. 单选题Some scientists have suggested that Earth is a kind of, zoo or wildlife（ ）for intelligent space beings, like the wilderness areas we have set up on earth to allow animals to develop naturally while we observe them.问题1选项A.conservationB.maintenanceC.storageD.reserve【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。conservation “保存；保护”；maintenance “维护；维修”；storage“存储；仓库”；reserve“存储；自然保护区”，根据句子结构可知此处的名词与wildlife 一起同zoo构成并列成分，根据后句中的allow animals to develop naturally“允许动物自然生长”，可知此处应该选择名词reserve, wildlife reserve是“野生动物保护区”的意思。句意：一些科学家表示地球就像宇宙智能生物的动物园或者野生动物，正如我们在地球上设立荒野地带，允许在我们的观察下让动物自然生长。故正确答案为选项D。6. 单选题The development of high-technologies at an unprecedented speed has rendered lots of conventional office jobs（ ）.问题1选项A.suicidalB.obsoleteC.availableD.profitable【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项suicidal“自杀的”；B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”；C选项available“可获得的，有空的”；D选项profitable“有利可图的，有益的”。句意：高科技以前所未有的速度发展，使得许多传统的办公室工作被淘汰了。由句意可知高科技发展导致传统办公室工作过时/淘汰，B选项obsolete“淘汰的，废弃的，过时的”符合题意，其他选项都不准确。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题Judges are（ ）increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences.问题1选项A.requiringB.demandingC.impartingD.imposing【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。demanding“需要；要求”；imparting“给予；传授”；imposing“强加；征税；处以”，根据driving offences“交通违法行为”，和fines“罚金”，可知此处应该使用动词imposing，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：交警对于轻微的交通违法行为处以越来越重的罚款。8. 单选题One can understand others much better by noting the immediate and fleeting reactions of their eyes and（ ）to expressed thoughts.问题1选项A.dilemmasB.countenancesC.concessionsD.junctions【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dilemmas “困境”；countenances “面容；表情”；concessions “让步；特权”；junctions“连接”，根据句子结构可知此处要填的名词与eyes是并列的，四个选项中只有countenances能够与eyes并列并表达出符合逻辑的句子意思。句意：人们可以通过观察别人眼睛和快速的反映或表情来更好的了解对方。因此选项B为正确答案。9. 单选题We usually have a ten minute（ ）between classes.问题1选项A.pauseB.interferenceC.intervalD.distraction【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项pause“暂停”；B选项interference“干扰，冲突”；C选项interval“间隔，间距”；D选项distraction“注意力分散，消遣”。句意：我们通常有十分钟的课间休息时间。根据句意，C选项interval“间隔，间距”可表示课间休息。因此C选项符合题意。10. 写作题Directions: Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Designs & Fashions. But now you find that the work is not what you expected. You decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason (s), and making an apology. Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.【答案】【参考范文】Dear Mr. Wang,I am sorry to tell you that I decided to quit my work as an editor in your company after serious consideration. I am apologizing for the inconvenience which I would bring to you.During two months working in your company, I have learned a lot about how to work in a world-famous company. However, I gradually find out that I am not very suitable for this job. I think I should look for an occupation which could make the most use of my talent and ability.Thank you again for giving me this opportunity, and Id like to express my regret again. Finally, I wish your company will achieve greater success in the future.Yours sincerely, Li Ming11. 单选题The（ ）of all kinds of necessary goods was caused by natural calamity.问题1选项A.varietyB.scarcityC.solidarityD.commodity【答案】B【解析】同形词辨析题。variety“多样”；scarcity“不足；缺乏”；solidarity“团结”； commodity“商品”；根据natural calamity“自然灾害”可知此处应该说的是各种必需品的“缺乏”，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：各种必需品的缺乏是自然灾难造成的。12. 单选题The emphasis on examinations is by far the（ ）worst form of competition in schools.问题1选项A.negligentB.edibleC.fabulousD.disproportionate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。negligent“疏忽的；大意的”；edible “可食用的”；fabulous “难以置信的；极好的”；disproportionate“不成比例的”，根据句子意思可知此处应该填一个形容词，并且是表示贬义的形容词来形容“强调考试”这种糟糕的竞赛方式，分析四个选项，只有disproportionate最恰当。句意：对考试的强调是目前学校里面最不合理竞赛方式。故正确答案为选项D。13. 单选题Turning cultivated land back into forests or pasture is a fundamental way to stem oil（ ） and desertification in the long run.问题1选项A.erosionB.depletionC.violationD.delusion【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。erosion“侵蚀；腐蚀”；depletion“消耗；损耗”；violation“违反；妨碍”；delusion“迷惑；欺骗”，根据句意可知此处要填的词与desertification“沙漠化”是相近的意思，所以此处应该填erosion，oil erosion是“土壤侵蚀”的意思。句意：从长远角度看，将耕地变回森林或者牧场是防止土壤和沙漠化的基本方式。故正确答案为选项A。14. 不定项选择题There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown. He wants to see what is reaching towards him, and to be able to recognize or at least classify it. Man always tends to avoid physical contact with anything strange. Even in sleep, when he is far more unguarded, he can all too easily be disturbed by a touch.All the distances which men create round themselves are dictated by this fear. They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness. The fear of being touched remains with us when we go about among people; the way we move in a busy street, in restaurants, trains or buses, is governed by it. Even when we are standing next to them and are able to watch and examine them closely, we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite. The crowd he needs is the dense crowd, in which body is pressed to body; a crowd, too, whose physical constitution is also dense, or compact, so that he no longer notices who it is that presses against him. As soon as a man has surrendered himself to the crowd he ceases to fear its touch.Ideally all are equal there; no distinctions count, not even that of sex. The man pressed against him is the same as himself. He feels him as he feels himself. Suddenly it is as though everything were happening in one and the same body. This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched. The more fiercely people press together, the more certain they feel that they do not fear each other. This reversal of the fear of being touched belongs to the nature of crowds. The feeling of relief is most striking where the density of the crowd is greatest.1. People fear burglars because（ ）.2. In public, according to the author, we（ ）.3. Which is the possible meaning of the phrase “make the approach” in Paragraph 3?4. The way we feel when in a crowd is presented as a(n) （ ）.5. Once formed, crowds always tend to（ ）.问题1选项A.they arrive suddenly and unexpectedlyB.they grab you in the darkC.they take away your most treasured personal possessionsD.they attack people in the assumed safety of their home问题2选项A.always avoid contact with peopleB.do not object to someone attractive touching usC.feel very uneasyD.try not to be touched问题3选项A.run awayB.make ones wayC.lay out the roadD.try to get nearer问题4选项A.absurdityB.logical conclusionC.oppositeD.paradox问题5选项A.become uncomfortableB.contractC.expandD.split up【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:B【解析】第1题:判断推理题。文中第一句话There is nothing that man fears more than the touch of the unknown.“没有什么比接触未知更让人害怕的了。”以及第二段第二句They shut themselves in houses which no one may enter, not only the fear of being robbed, but also the fear of a sudden and unexpected clutch out of the darkness.“他们把自己关在一所不让人进去的房子里，不仅怕被抢劫，而且也怕突然地、意外地从黑暗中钻出来。”有提到，人们害怕未知事物是因为怕黑暗中的突然意外。A选项“他们来得突然，出乎意料”这是窃贼的特点，但不是人们害怕的理由；B选项“他们在黑暗中抓住你”，跟原文表达的意思是一样的；C选项“它们会带走你最珍贵的个人财产”文中有提及，但表示深层原因；D选项“他们在人们认为安全的家里攻击他们”跟“黑暗中被抓住”意思有出入。因此B选项符合题意。第2题:判断推理题。文章第二段提到we avoid actual contact if we can. If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone“我们尽量避免实际接触。如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了”，由此可知，在公共场合，作者认为我们不反对有吸引力的人对我们的碰触，所以B选项符合题意。A选项“总是避免与人接触”跟原文表述“尽量避免与人接触”还是有区别的，前者有些绝对化，人多的时候我们不可能避免接触，只是说尽量；C选项“感到十分不安”，文中没有提到关于心情方面；D选项“尽量不要被碰”也是比较绝对的说法。因此B选项正确。第3题:语义推测题。由题意定位到文章第二段If we do not avoid it, it is because we feel attracted to someone; and then it is we who make the approach.“如果我们不回避它，那是因为我们被某人吸引了；然后是我们来采取行动。”由此可知，make the approach意为“采取措施，采取行动”。A选项“逃跑”意思不对；B选项“让路，行走”也不符合题意；C选项“铺设道路”可排除；D选项“试着靠近”与approach（靠近）意思一致，比较符合题意。因此D选项正确。第4题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章第三段It is only in a crowd that man can become free of this fear of being touched. That is the only situation in which the fear changes into its opposite.“只有在人群中，人们才能摆脱被触碰的恐惧。只有在这种情况下，恐惧才会变成与之相反的。”后面还给出了相应的合理解释。由此可知，我们在人群中一般的感受是合理的。B选项“合乎逻辑的结论”符合题意；A选项“荒谬，谬论”与题意相反；C选项“相反的”并不是原文要表达的意思；D选项“悖论”不合题意可排除。因此B选项正确。第5题:判断推理题。结合文章最后一段This is perhaps one of the reasons why a crowd seeks to close in on itself: it wants to rid each individual as completely as possible of the fear of being touched.“这也许是群体慢慢向他自己靠拢的原因之一：它希望尽可能彻底地消除每个个体对被触碰的恐惧。”意思是人群多了，每个人所占据的空间就相应地缩小了，也就向自己越靠越紧了。B选项contract“收缩”符合题意。A选项“变得不舒服”，由最后一句话可知该选项意思不对；C选项“扩张”与题意正好相反；D选项“分开”文中未提及可排除。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never（ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】考查词组词义辨析。passed on“传递；去世”；passed up“拒绝；向上递”；passed by“经过”；passed out“晕倒；分发”，根据句意可知此处表达的是他抓住了任何一个可以练习中文的机会，此处只有选择passed up，取其“拒绝”的意思才能使整个句子表达通畅。句意：在他在中国待的两个月时间里，他从未任何一个练习中文的机会。故正确答案为选项B。16. 单选题The famous artist, when asked on the news release for his recent works, his success to diligence and intelligence（ ）.问题1选项A.contributedB.attributedC.devotedD.dedicated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项contributed“有助于，贡献”；B选项attributed“把归因于，归结”；C选项devoted“献身于，致力于”；D选项dedicated“把奉献给”。句意：这位著名的艺术家在新闻发布会上被问到他最近的作品时，他把他的成功都归功于勤奋和聪明。由空格前diligence and intelligence（勤奋和聪明）以及success（成功）的逻辑关系可知是成功归因于勤奋和聪明，所以B选项意思正确。因此B选项符合题意。17. 单选题The secretary was harshly（ ）by her boss for misplacing some important files.问题1选项A.rebukedB.teasedC.washedD.accused【答案】A【解析】本题是动词辨析题。rebuked“指责”；teased“取笑，戏弄”；washed“洗涤”；accused“控告”，根据for后面的内容“误放了重要文件”，可知这位秘书会被老板责备，此处应该使用动词rebuke的过去分词rebuked，故正确答案为选项A。句意为：这位秘书因为误放了重要文件而被老板严厉指责了。18. 单选题The essay lacks（ ）as the writer keeps jumping from one subject to another.问题1选项A.subsistenceB.pregnancyC.fertilityD.coherence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项subsistence“生活，生存”；B选项pregnancy“怀孕”；C选项fertility“富饶，生育率”；D选项coherence“一致，连贯性”。句意：这篇文章缺少连贯性，因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题上去。由空格后的as the writer keeps jumping for one subject to another（因为作者总是从一个主题跳到另一个主题）可知D选项与其意思对应。因此D选项符合题意。19. 单选题The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that（ ）we had to stop for refreshments.问题1选项A.at largeB.at easeC.at randomD.at intervals【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。at large“详尽的；整个的”；at ease“安逸”；at random“任意的”；at intervals“不时”，根据句子意思可知此处应该选一个词组来形容我们停下来提神的频率，四个选项中只有at intervals符合，故正确答案为选项D。句意：这场讨论无比冗长又使人疲累，以至于我们必须的停下来提神。因此选项D符合题意。20. 不定项选择题The most valuable diamonds are large, individual crystals of pure crystal lint carbon. Less perfect forms, known as “boars” and “carbonado” are clusters of tiny crystals. Until diamonds are cut and polished, they do not sparkle like those you see on a ring they just look like small, blue-grey stones.In a rather crude form the cutting and polishing of precious stones was an art known to the Ancient Egyptians, and in the middle Ages it became widespread in north-west Europe. However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when Ludwig Van Berquen of Bruges in Belgium invented the use of a swiftly revolving wheel with its edge faced with fine diamond powder. The name “boast” is given to this fine powder as well as the natural crystalline material already mentioned. It is also gimp to badly flawed or broken diamond crystals, useless as jewels that are broken into powder for grinding purposes, the so-called “industrial” diamonds.Diamond itself is the only material hard enough to cut and polish diamonds though recently, high-intensity light beams called lasers have been developed which can bore holes in them. It may be necessary to split or cleave the large stones before they are cut and polished.Every diamond has a natural line of cleavage, along which it may be split by a sharp blow with a cutting edge. A fully cut “brilliant” diamond has 58 facets, or faces, regularly arranged. For cutting or faceting, the stones are fixed into copper holders and held against a wheel, edged with a mixture of Oil and fine diamond dust, which is revolved at about 2,500 revolutions a minute. Amsterdam and Antwerp, in Holland and Belgium respectively, have been the centre of the diamond cutting and polishing industry for over seven centuries.The jewel value of brilliant diamonds depends greatly on their colors, or “water” as it is called. The usual coolers of diamonds are white, yellow, brown, green or blue. Surrounding rocks and take on their color, thus black, red and even bright pink diamonds have occasionally been found.The trade in diamonds is not only in the valuable gem stones but also in the industrial diamonds mentioned above. Zaire produces 70% of such stones. They are fixed into the rock drills used in mining and civil engineering, also for edging band saws for cutting stone. Diamond-faced tools are used for cutting and drilling glass and fine porcelain and for dentists drills. They are used as bearings in watches and other finely balanced instruments. Perhaps you own some diamonds without knowing it in your wristwatch!1. “Carbonado” is the name given to（ ）.2. The art of cutting and polishing precious stones remained crude until（ ）.3. During faceting, diamonds are held in copper holders（ ）.4. The value order of water in diamond（ ）.5. Industrial diamonds are used（ ）.问题1选项A.only the very best diamondsB.lumps of pure carbonC.Spanish diamondsD.diamonds made up of many small crystals问题2选项A.the fourteenth centuryB.the fifteenth centuryC.the sixteenth centuryD.the seventeenth century问题3选项A.to facilitate accurate cuttingB.to make them shine more brilliantlyC.so that they can revolve more easilyD.as a steel holder might damage the diamond问题4选项A.is more important than their colorB.ranges from blue-white upwardsC.ranges from blue white downwardsD.has never been reliably established问题5选项A.for a wide range of purposesB.mainly for dentists drillsC.for decoration in rings and watchesD.principally in mass-produced jewellery【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:细节事实题。“黑金刚石”是用来称呼什么的？选项A“仅仅是最好的钻石”；选项B“纯碳团”；选项C“西班牙钻石”；选项D“由小水晶组成的钻石”，根据第一段中 “Less perfect forms, known as boars and carbon ado are clusters of tiny crystals.”不那么完美的形式，被称为“野猪”或者“黑金刚钻”，是一簇小水晶组成的，所以“黑金刚钻”指的是小水晶组成的钻石，故正确答案为选项D。第2题:细节事实题。切割和打磨宝石的工艺保持着粗糙直到，选项A“十四世纪”；选项B“十五世纪”；选项C“十六世纪”；选项D“十七世纪”，第二段首先说了粗糙的切割和打磨钻石的工艺开始于古埃及，然后“However, a revolutionary change in the methods of cutting and polishing was made in 1476 when. 然而切割和打磨钻石的工艺在1476年发生了革命性的变化”，所以直到15世纪这种粗糙的工艺才被革新，故正确答案为选项B。第3题:推理判断题。在切磨刻面的时候，钻石用铜架固定，选项A“使切割更精确”；选项B“让它们发出更璀璨的光”；选项C“为了让它们更容易旋转”；选项D“因为铁架 会损坏钻石”，选项B和D表达的内容文章没有提到，且也没有任何表述暗示，故可以排除；根据文章第四段中“fixed into copper holders固定在铜架上”中fixed一词可知将钻石固定在铜架上是为了让其固定，选项C中revolve 一词明显与此目的不符，所以可以排除；故正确答案为选项A，为了让其更好的被打磨，从而提高打磨与切割的精确度。第4题:推理判断题。钻石的“水度”价值排序，选项A“比他们的颜色更重要”；选项B“由蓝到白递增”；选项C“由蓝到白递减”；选项D“没有被确定地建立”，文章倒数第二段中在讲述钻石的颜色的时候并没有对其价值做出比较与说明，所以可以排除选项B和C；根据“depends greatly on their color, or water as it is called 很大程度上取决于它们的颜色，或者所谓的水度”，可以知道颜色和水度其实是表示的同一种东西，所以它们之间不存在比较，所以选项A错误；故正确答案为选项D，并没有明确的标准来鉴定这种价值排序。第5题:推理判断题。工业钻石被用来，选项A“在很多用途上”；选项B“主要作为牙医的钻子”；选项C“作为戒指和手表的装饰物”；选项D“主要在大量生产的宝石上”， 根据最后一段中的内容“它们被镶在矿业和土木工程所用的凿石器上，也被用在用来切石头的锯子边缘上。钻石做成的工具被用来切割或者打孔玻璃，细瓷器，或者用作牙医的钻子。它们被用做手表或者精密仪器的轴承。”这些内容讲述的是钻石的工业用途，根据此段内容我们可以推断钻石的工业用途有很多，选项B、C和D表达的内容明显太过局限，故正确答案为选项A。