2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解50

2022年考博英语-西安建筑科技大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 翻译题Directions: Translate the following passage into English on the Answer Sheet.时下，在北京的图书馆、博物馆甚至书店里，经常有一些大大小小不同类型的文化讲座，这些讲座，小而言之，只是一次次知识的宣讲，大而言之，则是先进文化的传播。在这方面，中国现代文学馆组织的周末义务讲座无疑是开风气之先、具有示范作用的。这里一时间竟出现了作家学者主动报名讲演，听者以能占有一席之地为荣的局面，可以相信，越来越多的人自觉进入求学殿堂，将大大促进我国国民素质的提升。【答案】Nowadays, from libraries and museums in Beijing to bookstores, there are often cultural lectures on different scales and varied sizes. These lectures, in practical terms, are repeated knowledge impartations. In theoretical terms, theyre the dissemination of advanced culture. In this regard, the weekend lectures organized by the Museum of Modern Chinese Literature are undoubtedly pioneering and exemplary. Here, many writers and scholars volunteer to be entered for opportunities to give lectures while the audience is honored when given a seat. It can be believed that more and more people consciously into the educational programs, which will greatly promote the national quality of our citizens.2. 单选题Man often wonders how the earth evolved from a hot, violent birth to the celebrated watery planet that _in pictures from space.问题1选项A.stands forB.stands byC.stands upD.stands out【答案】D【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项“stands for”意为“代表；意味着”；B选项“stands by”意为“支持；袖手旁观；准备；站在旁边”；C选项“stands up”意为“站起来；坚持；竖立；站得住脚；拥护”；D选项“stands out”意为“突出；杰出；坚持到底；坚决反对”。句意：人们常常想知道地球是如何从一个炙热、狂暴的诞生演变成这个著名的含水星球，并从太空照片中脱颖而出的。由题干可知，in pictures from space（在太空照片中），说明从太空层面来看，地球与其他星球截然不同，是个含水的星球，由此脱颖而出。因此D选项符合题意。3. 单选题Do you know Tims brother? He is （ ）than Tim.问题1选项A.much more sportsmanB.more of a sportsmanC.more of sportsmanD.more a sportsman【答案】C【解析】语法题考查be of+名词的用法。be of+名词相当于所对应名词的形容词意义。句意：你知道蒂姆的弟弟吗？他比蒂姆更像运动员。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Our attitude toward our teachers should be（ ）, but not slavish or superstitious.问题1选项A.respectableB.respectedC.respectiveD.respectful【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respectable“值得尊敬的；人格高尚的；相当数量的”；B选项respected“受尊敬的”；C选项respective“分别的，各自的”；D选项respectful“恭敬的；有礼貌的”。句意：我们对待老师的态度应该是恭敬的，但却不应该是盲从的或迷信的。根据句中“Our attitude toward our teacher我们对待老师的态度”可知“恭敬的”符合语境，因此D选项正确。5. 不定项选择题Few people would defend the Victorian attitude to children, but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood: children were to be seen and not heard. Freud and company did away with all that and parents have been （71） ever since. The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say, （72） what about the parents happiness? Parents suffer constantly from fear and guilt while their children （73） romp about pulling the place apart. A good old-fashioned spanking is out of the （74）; no modern child-rearing （75） would permit such barbarity. The trouble is you are not allowed （76） to shout. Who knows what deep （77） wounds you might inflict? The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic （78）. So it is that parents （79） to avoid giving their children complexes （80） a hundred years ago wasnt even heard of. Certainly a child needs love, and a lot of it. But the excessive （81） of modern parents is surely doing more harm than good.Psychologists have succeeded in （82） parents confidence in their own authority. And it hasnt taken children long to get wind of the fact. （83） the great modern classics on child care, there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers. With so much unsolicited （84） flying about, mum and dad just dont know what to do any more. In the end, they do nothing at all. So, from early childhood, the kids are in charge and parents lives are （85） according to the needs of their offspring. When the little dears develop into （86）, they take complete control. Lax authority over the years makes adolescent （87） against parents all the more violent. If the young people are going to have a party, （88）, parents are asked to leave the house. Their presence merely （89） the fun. What else can the poor parents do but （90）?问题1选项A.relaxedB.thrilledC.bewilderedD.inspired问题2选项A.soB.butC.andD.or问题3选项A.pleasantlyB.enthusiasticallyC.cautiouslyD.gaily问题4选项A.problemB.questionC.issueD.argument问题5选项A.brochureB.pamphletC.manualD.publication问题6选项A.evenB.alsoC.justD.as问题7选项A.physicalB.emotionalC.psychologicalD.sensational问题8选项A.experienceB.hazardC.adventureD.impact问题9选项A.striveB.hesitateC.anticipateD.oblige问题10选项A.whatB.itC.whichD.this问题11选项A.penaltyB.barbarityC.scoldD.permissiveness问题12选项A.establishingB.enhancingC.detainingD.undermining问题13选项A.With relation toB.With regard toC.In addition toD.In terms of问题14选项A.demonstrationB.adviceC.criticismD.interpretation问题15选项A.operatedB.intensifiedC.regulatedD.compensated问题16选项A.adultsB.teenagersC.parentsD.veterans问题17选项A.resistanceB.objectionC.hostilityD.rebellion问题18选项A.at firstB.in particularC.after allD.for instance问题19选项A.devastatesB.spoilsC.manipulatesD.converts问题20选项A.refuteB.violateC.abideD.obey【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:B第5题:C第6题:A第7题:C第8题:A第9题:A第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:D第19题:B第20题:D【解析】第1题:考查逻辑关系。A选项 relaxed“松懈的；悠闲的，自在的”；B选项thrilled“非常兴奋的；极为激动的”；C选项bewildered“困惑的”；D选项inspired“有灵感的；受鼓舞的”。前文提到“but if you were a parent in those days, at least you knew where you stood 但如果你是那个年代的父母，至少你知道自己的立场。”和“Freud and company did away with all that弗洛伊德和他的同伴们废除了这一切”，可知这里要表达的意思是“困惑的”。因此C选项正确。第2题:考查逻辑关系。A选项so“所以；因此”；B选项but“但是”；C选项and“和；就；而且”；D选项or“或者；还是”。前文提到“The childs happiness is all-important, the psychologists say 心理学家说，孩子的快乐是最重要的”与空格后提到“what about the parents happiness? 父母的幸福呢？”，可看出空格前后明显存在转折关系。因此B选项正确。第3题:考查词义辨析。A选项pleasantly“愉快地；和蔼地，亲切地”；B选项enthusiastically“热心地；满腔热情地”；C选项cautiously“慎重地，谨慎地”；D选项gaily“华丽地；欢乐地”。下文提到“romp about嬉戏玩耍”，所以这里“欢乐地”符合语境。因此D选项正确。第4题:考查固定搭配。A选项out of the problem“绝不可能的”；B选项out of the question“不予考虑的”；没有out of the argument与out of the issue的搭配。下文的no modern child-rearingwould permit such barbarity意思是“没有现代的育儿会允许如此的粗野”，可知这里要表达的意思是“不予考虑的”。因此B选项正确。第5题:考查词义辨析。A选项brochure“手册；说明书”；B选项pamphlet“小册子”；C选项manual“手册，指南”；D选项publication“出版；出版物；发表”。空格前说到child-rearing“抚养子女”，所以在这里“指南”更符合句意。因此C选项正确。第6题:考查词义辨析。A选项even“甚至；即使”；B选项also“也；而且”；C选项just“仅仅；正好”；D选项as“同样地；和一样的”。这里要表达的意思是“甚至不允许你去大喊”。因此A选项正确。第7题:考查词义辨析。A选项physical“物理的；身体的；物质的”；B选项emotional“情绪的；易激动的；感动人的”；C选项psychological“心理的；心理学的；精神上的”；D选项sensational“轰动的；耸人听闻的；使人感动的”。这里要表达的意思是“心理的创伤”。因此C选项正确。第8题:考查词义辨析。A选项experience“经验；经历；体验”；B选项hazard“危险，冒险；冒险的事”；C选项adventure“冒险；冒险精神；投机活动”；D选项impact“影响；效果；碰撞；冲击力”。由前文提及的“to shout大喊”以及空格前“dreadful traumatic可怕的（心理）创伤的”可知这里要表达的意思是“经历”。因此A选项正确。第9题:考查词义辨析。A选项strive“努力；奋斗；抗争”，strive to“努力去做”；B选项hesitate“踌躇，犹豫；不愿”，hesitate to“犹豫去”；C选项anticipate“预期，期望；占先，抢先，提前使用”，不与介词to搭配；D选项oblige“迫使；强制”，oblige to“必须；不得不”。前文The poor child may never recover from the dreadful traumatic. 的意思是“这个可怜的孩子可能永远无法从可怕的创伤中恢复过来。”因此父母努力去避免给予他们的孩子变态心理，“努力”符合句意。因此A选项正确。第10题:考查语法。句意：所以，在一百年前，甚至没有人听说过父母应该避免给他们的孩子带来情结。关系代词which引导从句充当后置定语。“a hundred years ago wasnt even heard of”为修饰空格前“complexes”的后置定语，所以这里需要用关系代词which来引导后置定语。因此C选项正确。第11题:考查词义辨析。A选项penalty“罚款，罚金；处罚”；B选项barbarity“残暴；粗野”；C选项scold“责骂”；D选项permissiveness“放任；许可”。这里要表达的意思是“现代父母对孩子的过度许可无疑弊大于利”。因此D选项正确。第12题:考查逻辑关系。A选项establish（其现在分词为establishing）“建立；创办；安置”；B选项enhance（其现在分词为enhancing）“提高；加强；增加”；选项C选项detain（其现在分词为detaining）“拘留；留住；耽搁”；D选项undermine（其现在分词为undermining）“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”。由前后文知这里说的是“心理学家已成功地破坏了父母对自己权威的自信”。因此D选项正确。第13题:考查逻辑关系。A选项with relation to“关于，涉及”；B选项“with regard to“关于；至于”；C选项in addition to“除之外”；D选项in terms of“依据；在方面；以措词”。由空格后的内容可知这里指的是“除了关于照顾小孩的极好的现代经典著作外”，in addition to符合题意。因此C选项正确。第14题:考查词义辨析。A选项demonstration“示范；证明；示威游行”；B选项advice“建议：忠告：通知”；C选项criticism“批评；考证；苛求”；D选项interpretation“解释；翻译；演出”。前文提到“there are countless articles in magazines and newspapers 在杂志和报纸上有无数的文章”，所以这里说的是“有那么多不请自来的建议满天飞”因此B选项正确。第15题:考查词义辨析。A选项operate（过去分词为operated）“操作；经营”；B选项intensify（过去分词为intensified）“使加强，使强化；使变激烈”；C选项regulate（过去分词为regulated）“调整；控制；管理”；D选项compensate（过去分词为compensated）“补偿，赔偿；付报酬”。这里要表达的意思是“父母的生活根据儿女的需要来调节”。因此C选项正确。第16题:考查词义辨析。A选项adult“成年人”；B选项teenage“青少年”；C选项parent“父亲（或母亲）；父母亲”；D选项veteran“富有经验的人；老运动员”。下文提到“adolescent青春期的”，因此这里指的是“当小宝贝长成青少年”，teenage符合题意。因此B选项正确。第17题:考查词义辨析。A选项resistance“阻力；电阻；抵抗”；B选项objection“异议，反对”；C选项hostility“敌意；战争行动”；D选项rebellion“叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从”。“adolescent青春期的”与“rebellion反叛”构成“青春期的反叛”。因此D选项正确。第18题:考查词义辨析。A选项at first“起先，首先；最初”；B选项in particular“尤其，特别”；C选项after all“毕竟；终究”；D选项for instance“例如”。“If the young people are going to have a party如果年轻人将开一个派对”，“If”表示假设，所以这里表示举例。因此D选项正确。第19题:考查词义辨析。A选项devastate“毁灭；毁坏”；B选项spoil“溺爱；糟蹋；破坏；掠夺”；C选项manipulate“操纵；操作；篡改”；D选项convert“使转变；转换”。句意为“父母的在场只是会破坏这种乐趣”。因此B选项正确。第20题:考查词义辨析。A选项refute“反驳，驳斥；驳倒”；B选项violate“违反；侵犯，妨碍；亵渎”；C选项abide“忍受；停留；遵守”；D选项obey“服从，听从；按照行动”。由前文可知这里要表达的意思为“可怜的父母除了服从外还有什么其他可做的事情呢？”。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题He planned to buy an apartment since he is going to get married next year, but the cost of the property in the big cities is _.问题1选项A.promptB.proportionalC.prohibitiveD.progressive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“prompt”意为“敏捷的，迅速的；立刻的，及时的；准时的”；B选项“proportional”意为“比例的，成比例的；相称的，均衡的”；C选项“prohibitive”意为“禁止的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的”；D选项“progressive”意为“进步的；先进的”。句意：由于明年就要结婚了，他打算买一套公寓，但大城市的房价高得令人望而却步。由题干可知，but表转折，说明the cost of the property in the big cities（大城市的房价）阻碍了他想买房子的计划，由此可推测出大城市的房价高得超出他的承受能力。因此C选项符合题意。7. 不定项选择题Some people say that the study of liberal arts is a useless luxury we cannot afford in hard times. Students, they argue, who do not develop salable kills will find it difficult to land a job upon graduation. But there is a problem in speaking of “salable skills”. What skills are salable? Right now, skills for making automobiles are not highly salable, but they have been for decades and might be again. Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates. Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively on what is salable, one will have to make the courses very short and change them very often, in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market. But will not the effort be in vain? In very few things can we be sure of future salability, and in a society where people are free to study what they want, and work where they want, and invest as they want, there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord.A school that devotes itself totally to salable skills, especially in a time of high unemployment, sending young men and women into the world armed with only a narrow range of skills, is also sending lambs into the lions den. If those people gain nothing more from their studies than supposedly salable skills, and cant make the sale because of changes in the job market, they have been cheated. But if those skills were more than salable, if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated. They will find some kind of job soon enough. Flexibility, and ability to change and learn new things, is a valuable skill. People who have learned how to learn can learn outside of school. That is where most of us have learned to do what we do, not in school. Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills.1. From the passage, we can learn that the author is favor of（ ）.2. The word “fluctuate” (Line5, Para. 1) most probably means（ ）.3. According to the author, who of the following is more likely to get a job in times of high unemployment?4. According to the author, in developing a curriculum school should（ ）.5. We can learn from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.teaching practical skill that can be sold in the current job marketB.a flexible curriculum that changes with the timesC.a liberal educationD.keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market问题2选项A.remain steadyB.change in an irregular wayC.follow a set patternD.become worse and worse问题3选项A.A person with the ability to learn by himself.B.A construction workers.C.A car repairman.D.A person with quite a few salable skills.问题4选项A.predict the salability of skills in the future job marketB.take the current job market into considerationC.consider what skills are salableD.focus on the ability to adapt to changes问题5选项A.liberal arts education is being challenged nowB.schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard timesC.extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learningD.many students feel cheated by the educational system【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:A【解析】第1题:判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段第三句“if study gave them a better understanding of the world around them and greater adaptability in a changing world, they have not been cheated”，如果学习能让他们更好地了解周围的世界，更能适应不断变化的世界，那么他们就没有被欺骗。这说明作者赞同让学生能了解周围世界、适应世界变化的通识教育。A选项“teaching practical skill that can be sold in the current job market”意为“教授能在当前就业市场上出售的实用技能”，由原文可知，作者认为就业市场是不断变化的，把年轻男女输送到只有有限技能的世界，是在把羔羊送入虎穴，所以作者是不赞同的；B选项“a flexible curriculum that changes with the times”意为“随时代变化的灵活课程”，作者对于这种课程的态度是“But will not the effort be in vain?”但这种努力不会是徒劳的吗？所以作者是不赞同的；C选项“a liberal education”意为“通识教育”，与原文相符；D选项“keeping a balance between the supply and demand in the labor market”意为“保持劳动力市场供求平衡”，原文“there is no way to keep supply and demand in labor in perfect accord”我们不可能使劳动力的供求完全一致，所以作者是不赞同的。因此C选项符合题意。第2题:语义推测题。由fluctuate定位到文章第一段第六句“Skills are another example of varying salability, as the job market fluctuates”，随着就业市场的波动，技能是可售性变化的另一个例子。并且由后文可知，the rapid changes in the job market 就业市场是快速变化的。A选项“remain steady”，意为“保持稳定”，与原文不符；B选项“change in an irregular way”意为“不规则的变化”，与原文相符；C选项“follow a set pattern”意为“遵循固定模式”，原文并未提及就业市场的变化有固定的模式；D选项“become worse and worse”意为“变得越来越糟”，原文只是指变化但没有说是往糟糕的方向发展。因此B选项符合题意。第3题:判断推理题。由high unemployment定位到文章第二段。文章第二段提到现在是个高失业率的时代，首先从反面举例如果只学会少数技能就进入社会等于羊入虎穴，接着又说到学习理解和适应这个改变的世界能更快找到工作，最后总结道“Learning to learn is one of the highest liberal skills”学会学习是最高的不受限制的技能之一，因此有自学能力的更容易找到工作。A选项“A person with the ability to learn by himself”意为“有自学能力的人”，符合原文；B选项“A construction workers”意为“一位建筑工人”，C选项“A car repairman”意为“一位汽车修理工”和D选项“A person with quite a few salable skills”意为“一个有相当多的销售技巧的人”，都只是掌握了少数技能，但不是自学的能力。因此A选项符合题意。第4题:判断推理题。由developing a curriculum school定位到文章第一段第七句“Whats more, if one wants to build a curriculum exclusively in order to keep up with the rapid changes in the job market”即发展课程就必须使课程非常短，并经常更换它们，以跟上就业市场的快速变化。由此可推测，现代课程的着重点在于适应变化的能力。A选项“predict the salability of skills in the future job market”意为“预测技能在未来就业市场的销路”，原文未提及预测技能的销路，是强调就业市场是不断变化的，要去适应这种变化；B选项“take the current job market into consideration”意为“把当前的就业市场也考虑进去”，就业市场是一直变化的，所以重点是适应变化；C选项“consider what skills are salable”意为“考虑哪些技能是可以销售的”，可销售的技能是需要不断更换的，所以不是课程的重点；D选项“focus on the ability to adapt to changes”意为“关注适应变化的能力”，符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。第5题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知，本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“liberal arts education is being challenged now”意为“通识教育现在正受到挑战”，与原文相符；B选项“schools that teach practical skills fare better during hard times”意为“在不景气的时候，教授实用技能的学校表现更好”，与原文相反，学会有限技能的人进入社会只是羊入虎口，所以最关键的技能是自学能力；C选项“extracurricular activities are more important than classroom learning”意为“课外活动比课堂学习更重要”，原文是指有自学能力的人在校外也能继续学习，但并没有说课外活动就比课堂学习更重要；D选项“many students feel cheated by the educational system”意为“许多学生觉得教育制度欺骗了他们”，原文是如果他们获得的只是销售技能，不能随就业市场的变化而变化，那么他们就是受骗了，但这不是学生的想法，是作者的观点。因此A选项符合题意。8. 不定项选择题Psychologists agree that I.Q. contribute only about 20 percent of the factors that determine success. A full 80 percent comes from other factors, including what I call emotional intelligence. Following are two of the major qualities that make up emotional intelligence, and how they can be developed:1. Self-awareness. The ability to recognize a feeling as it happens is the keystone of emotional intelligence. People with greater certainty about their emotions are better pilots of their lives.Developing self-awareness requires tuning into what neurologist Antonio Damasio calls “gut feelings.” Gut feelings can occur without a person being consciously aware of them. For example, when people who fear snakes are shown a picture of a snake, sensors on their skin will detect sweat, a sign of anxiety, even though the people say they do not feel fear. The sweat shows up even a picture is presented so rapidly that the subject has no conscious awareness of seeing it.Through deliberate effort we can become more aware of our gut feelings. Take someone who is annoyed by a rude encounter for hours after it occurred. He may be aware of his irritability and surprised when someone calls attention to it. But if he evaluates his feelings, he can change them.Emotional self-awareness is the building block of the next fundamental of emotion intelligence: being able to shake off bad mood.2. Mood Management. Bad as well as good moods spice life and build character. The key is balance.We often have little control over when we are swept by emotion. But we can have some say in how long that emotion will last. Psychologist Dianne Tice asked more than 400 men and women about their strategies for escaping foul moods. Her research, along with that of other psychologists, provides valuable information on how to change a bad mood.Of all the moods that people want to escape, rage seems to be the hardest to deal with. When someone in another car cuts you off on the highway, your reflexive thought may be: That jerk! He could have hit me! I cant let him get away with that! The more you stew, the angrier you get. Such is the stuff of hypertension and reckless driving.What should you do to relieve rage? One myth is that ventilating will make you feel better. In fact, researchers have found thats one of the worst strategies. A more effective technique is “refraining”, which means consciously reinterpreting a situation in a more positive light. In the case of the driver who cuts you off, you might tell yourself: Maybe he had some emergency. This is one of the most potent ways, Tice found, to put anger to rest.Going off alone to cool clown is also an effective way to refuse anger, especially if you cant think clearly. Tice found that a large proportion of men cool down by going for a drive a finding that inspired her to drive more defensively. A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. Whatever you do, dont waste the time pursuing your train of anger thoughts. Your aim should be to distract yourself.The techniques of reframing and distraction can alleviate depression and anxiety as well as anger. Add to them such relaxation techniques as deep breathing and meditation and you have an arsenal of weapons against bad moods.1. What are gut feelings?2. According to the author, the importance of knowing ones gut feelings is that（ ）.3. The word “spice” in Paragraph 6 is closed in meaning to （ ）.4. The essence of “refraining” in Paragraph 9 is （ ）.5. What is the best title for the passage?问题1选项A.They are feeling one is born with.B.They are feelings one may be unaware of.C.They are feelings of fear and anxiety.D.They are feelings felt by sensible people.问题2选项A.one can develop themB.one can call others attention to themC.one may get rid of themD.one may control them问题3选项A.add interest toB.lengthenC.make dullD.bring into existence