2022-2023年考博英语-中国农业科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第16期

2022-2023年考博英语-中国农业科学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 不定项选择题The history of AfricanAmericans during the past 400 years is traditionally narrated（61）an ongoing struggle against（62）and indifference on the part of the American mainstream, and a struggle（63）as an upward movement is（64）toward ever more justice and opportunity.Technology in and of（65）is not at fault; its much too simple to say that gunpowder or agricultural machinery or fiber optics（66）been the enemy of an（67）group of people. A certain machine is put（68）work in a certain way the purpose（69）which it was designed. The people who design the machines are not intent on unleashing chaos; they are usually trying to（70）a task more quickly, cleanly, or cheaply,（71）the imperative of innovation and efficiency that has ruled Western civilization（72）the Renaissance.Mastery of technology is second only（73）money as the true measure of accomplishment in this country, and it is very likely that by（74）this under-representation in the technological realm, and by not questioning and examining the folkways that have（75）it, blacks are allowing（76）to be kept out of the mainstream once again. This time, however, they will be（77）from the greatest cash engine of the twenty-first century. Inner-city blacks in particular are in danger, and the beautiful suburbs（78）ring the decay of Hartford, shed the past and learn to exist without contemplating or encountering the tragedy of the inner city.And blacks must change as well. The ways that（79）their ancestors through captivity and coming to freedom have begun to lose their utility. If blacks（80）to survive as full participants in this society, they have to understand what works now.问题1选项A.likeB.asC.forD.with问题2选项A.charityB.clarityC.cohesionD.oppression问题3选项A.chartingB.chartsC.chartedD.to chart问题4选项A.progressingB.progressedC.clutchedD.clutching问题5选项A.itselfB.themselvesC.ourselvesD.himself问题6选项A.haveB.to haveC.hasD.to has问题7选项A.entirelyB.enterC.entireD.entrance问题8选项A.forB.offC.onD.at问题9选项A.forB.toC.withD.before问题10选项A.envelopB.accomplishC.envelopingD.accomplishing问题11选项A.followedB.followsC.to followD.following问题12选项A.sinceB.onC.inD.at问题13选项A.beforeB.toC.withD.from问题14选项A.to tolerateB.tolerateC.toleratedD.tolerating问题15选项A.encounteredB.encounteringC.to encounterD.encounters问题16选项A.themB.usC.themselvesD.ourselves问题17选项A.excludingB.includedC.includingD.excluded问题18选项A.whereB.thatC.howD.what问题19选项A.servicingB.encircleC.encirclingD.served问题20选项A.isB.wereC.areD.have【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A第6题:C第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:A第13题:B第14题:D第15题:A第16题:C第17题:D第18题:B第19题:D第20题:C【解析】61.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查短语搭配和句意理解。be narrated as“被描述为”。句意：在过去的400年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。结合句意，故选B。62.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A项charity“慈善”；B项clarity“清晰；明确”；C项cohesion“粘合；结合”；D项oppression“镇压，压迫”。句意：在过去的400年里，美国黑人的历史被传统地描述为是对漠然和压迫的不断斗争。结合句意，选D.63.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查被动语态和句意理解。根据句意可知，该空应为被动语态，所以选C项charted，表示“被规划为向上运动的斗争”。64.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语法和词义。根据句意用进行时态，排除B，C二项；选表示趋向的动词progress“前进，进步”，D项Clutching“紧握，抓住”，所以选A。65.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查语法知识。in and of oneself为固定搭配，意为“事物内部及其本身”，句意：科技内部及它本身并没有错，根据句意，technology为主语，应该用单数，所以选A。66.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法知识。根据就近原则，谓语动词应与主语fiber optics“纤维光学”保持一致，这个词意义上为单数，所以选用单数形式has。67.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查语法知识。根据空格前后可知，此处用形容词，排除A，B，D；an entire group of “整组”，选择C项。68.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查短语搭配。句意：某些工具被用于工作。Put sth at work“把某物用于工作方面”，所以答案为D。69.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查短语搭配。be designed for“为而设计的”。句意：为了这个目的而设计的。所以答案为A。70.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词义和动词用法。正确的用法是try to do sth，首先排除C和D项。A项 envelop“包装，遮盖”；B项accomplish“完成”。根据文意，这里应填的意思是完成任务，所以选B。71.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查语法。用动词的进行时表示动作的伴随，此外follow的逻辑主语是前面的they，所以用主动语态，选D。72.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查句意理解。根据文章的意思，这里应填“从文艺复兴开始”，所以选since。73.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭配。be second to“仅次于”。句意：掌握技术是仅次于金钱的真正衡量这个国家成就的第二标准。74.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查介词用法。by是介词，后应该跟动词ing形式，只有D符合。75.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查完成时时态。动词的完成时的结构为have +done，encounter的过去分词形式为encountered，所以答案为A。76.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查句意理解。这里应填反身代词，排除A和B。又根据句意，应是“他们自己”，所以选C。77.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查固定短语。be excluded from“排除，不包括在内”。句意：然而这次他们将不在二十一世纪最伟大的现金制造机的范围内。所以选D。78.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查定语从句。这是一个定语从句，从句部分缺少主语，所以选that。79.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查定语从句。这是一个定语从句，从句缺少谓语，所以排除A和C。另外根据后面主句中的时态“have begun”，可知前面的从句是一个过去时的句子，所以选D。句意：那些曾经服务于他们祖先的方法已经失去了效用。80.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考察一般条件句。根据主句可知是一般条件句，不能用虚拟语气，需用一般现在时，所以选C。句意：如果黑人要作为这个社会的正式参与者生存下去，他们就必须明白现在什么是有效的。2. 不定项选择题D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child of Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall, and their first to have been born in Eastwood. Ever since their marriage in 1875, the couple had been on the move: Arthurs job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s, and they had lived in a succession of small and recently built grimy colliery villages all over Nottinghamshire. But when they moved to Eastwood in 1883, it was to a place where they would remain for the rest of their lives; the move seems to have marked a watershed in their early history.For one thing, they were settling down: Arthur Lawrence would work at Brinsley colliery until he retired in 1909. For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had. It was also the case that, when they came to Eastwood, they took a house with a shop window, and Lydia ran a small clothes shop: presumably to supplement their income, but also perhaps because she felt she could do it in addition to raising their children. It seems possible that, getting on badly with her husband as she did, she imagined that further children were out of the question. Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence. Arthurs parents lived less than a mile away, down in Brinsley, while his youngest brother Walter lived only 100 yards away from them in another company house, in Princes Street. When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own familys center: one of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.Lydia Lawrence probably felt, on the other hand, more as if she were digging in for a siege. East wood may have been home to Arthur Lawrence, but to Lydia it was just another grimy colliery village which she never liked very much and where she never felt either much at home or properly accepted. Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.56. This passage is mainly about the introduction of（ ）.57. Which of the following is NOT the reason for D. H. Lawrences family settling down in East wood?58. Which of the following might be an image of D. H. Lawrences mother in other peoples mind?59. The family had been on the move, because（ ）.60. Which of the following statement is NOT true?问题1选项A.D. H. LawrenceB.D. H. Lawrences parentsC.D. H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrences parentsC.D.H. LawrenceB. D. H. Lawrences parentsC. D. H. Lawrences residenceD. D. H. Lawrences family background and education问题2选项A.Children in the family needed consistent education.B.D. H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C.D. H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C.D.H. Lawrences father could be near to his family members.C. D. H. Lawrences mother could seek for her independence.D. D. H. Lawrence could accumulate enough materials to write about in his novels.问题3选项A.A mother who was quite amiable.B.A wife who was considerate.C.An arrogant woman.D.A faithful wife.问题4选项A.they had to stay with the father who had to go everywhere to find a job in depressionB.the father could find better-paid jobs in the prosperity of economyC.the father wanted to be near with his own homeD.the mother always wanted to change the location of their house问题5选项A.The relationship between D. H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B.D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C.D. H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B. D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C.D.H. Lawrences parents may not be so good.B. D. H. Lawrences mother was a woman of strong will.C. D. H. Lawrences mother did not like her home at Eastwood.D. D. H. Lawrence was the first child in the family【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】56.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲了Arthur Lawrence and Lydia Beardsall的生活，他们开始如何不停搬迁，后来又为何在Eastwood定居。选项C项“D.H.劳伦斯的住所”，最贴近原文。A项“D. H. Lawrence”， C项“D. H. Lawrence的父母”和D项“家庭背景”，都不是文章的中心内容，所以不选A，C，D。57.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第二段第二句For another, they now had three small children and Lydia may have wanted to give them the kind of continuity in schooling they had never previously had.（另一方面，他们现在有三个小孩， Lydia可能想让他们在学校里有以前从未有过的连续性教育）可知A项“家里的孩子需要始终如一的教育”是原因；第二段最后一句When the family moved to Eastwood, Arthur Lawrence was coming back to his own families center: One of the reasons, for sure, why they stayed there.（当他们一家搬到伊斯特伍德时，亚瑟劳伦斯回到了他自己的家庭中心：当然，这也是他们留在那里的原因之一）可知B项“劳伦斯的父亲可以离他的家人很近”也是一个原因；文章第二段提及Lydia开了个店，并且说Taking on the shop may have marked her own bid for independence.（对这家商店的收购可能标志着她自己争取独立）可知C项“劳伦斯的母亲可以寻求独立”也是一个原因；D项“D.H.劳伦斯可以积累足够的写小说的材料”在文章中未提及。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章的最后一句Her Kent accent doubtless made Midlands people feel that she put on airs.（由于Lydia有口音，所以当地人认为她装腔作势），故只有C项“一个傲慢的女人”符合题意。A项“非常和蔼可亲的母亲”，B项“体贴的妻子”，D项“忠实的妻子”都不是Lydia在其他人心中的形象。59.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段第三行Arthurs job as a miner had taken them where the best-paid work had been during the boom years of the 1870s.（在19世纪80年代的经济繁荣时期，Arthur不停换地工作是因为他在不停的寻找待遇最好的地方工作），由于他换地方工作，整个家庭也就跟着他不停搬迁。B项“在经济繁荣时期，父亲可以找到报酬更高的工作”符合文章原意。A项“他们不得不和父亲呆在一起，因为父亲在大萧条时要到处找工作”，在经济萧条时期，与原文不符；C项“父亲想靠近自己的家”和D项“母亲总是想改变他们房子的位置”在文中未体现。60.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一句D. H. Lawrence was the fourth child（劳伦斯第四个孩子）可知劳伦斯是这个家庭的第四个孩子，所以D项“劳伦斯是家里的第一个孩子”错误。A项“劳伦斯父母之间的关系可能不太好”，B项“劳伦斯的母亲是个意志坚强的女人”，C项“劳伦斯的母亲不喜欢她在伊斯特伍德的家”，在文中均未体现。3. 不定项选择题A finalist in a youth oratorical contest, Ceciles speech focuses on a history of Americans and the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of “our humanitarian obligation.” The unconscionable acts of history are repeating, but the world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,” she said, with a swing of her hip and an indignant glare.How could the United States that bonded after Sept. 11, 2001, leave people on rooftops surrounded by floodwaters almost four years later, she questioned. It all comes down to “people neglecting people, ” she said matter-of-factly.“Everybody is part of Gods creation. Everybody deserves help. We all are going to need it eventually in our lifetime, and for us to neglect anyone from anywhere is just horrible,” Cecile said, shaking her head.Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.“How can we say hope for those unseen when we do not help them have hope or believe there is hope because we cant see them?” the Godwin Middle School student asked, nearly making the walls shake with her emphasis on the word “we”.The world has a history of great leaders who brought international wrongs to light, she said, jabbing her index finger into the air in front of her. The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out, she said, furiously pacing the classroom floor.“I think if people learn about it and they hear about itif they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument.All three students understand it could be their voice that motivates the masses tomorrow. Their speeches could bring the issues into the light as they follow the tradition of great orators before them on the day honoring one of the greatest.After careful, quiet consideration, Seth said the contest and celebration would have moved King.“It is the little people trying to make a difference, reciting speeches and all of this. He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today,” he said.“And how did he start it? He started it through his voice, you know. Through just speaking up for what is right. And not being afraid of what people think of you, but knowing what is right and setting aside all other things,” an excited and boisterous Cecile said.53. The word “boisterous” in the last paragraph can be substituted by（ ）.54. In her speech, Cecile, a finalist in a youth oratorical contest accuses America of（ ）.55. Emoni, another contestant, compared the Holocaust to current events in Africa by not citing（ ）.56. Emoni said the world lacks（ ）.57. Emonis main points did not include（ ）.58. Seth, another contestant, said if Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. were there, he would（ ）.问题1选项A.loudB.quiteC.niceD.noisy问题2选项A.fulfilling humanitarian obligationsB.promoting justice worldwideC.neglecting peopleD.using terminology to describe what Darfur is facing问题3选项A.lack of foodB.lack of guidanceC.lack of understandingD.lack of compassion问题4选项A.a powerful leader to crush wrongB.a powerful leader to bring international wrong to lightC.someone who understands the problemD.someone who cares about injustice问题5选项A.only listening and learningB.hearing and learningC.understandingD.making a difference问题6选项A.be afraid of what people would thinkB.not know what is right in todays worldC.feel happy that his work was still going onD.want the student to study harder【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:A第6题:C【解析】53.【试题答案】D【试题解析】词义辨析题。根据题干，可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句an excited and boisterous Cecile said（兴奋而喧闹的塞西尔说），文章开头就提到了文章是辩论赛的决赛，那么辩论赛的现场应该是兴奋而又喧闹的，所以可推测boisterous指的应该是“喧闹的”。D选项“嘈杂的；喧闹的”，符合文章词义，D选项正确。A选项“大声的”，跟“喧闹”有一定的区别，可排除。B选项“相当”，不符合文章内容，可排除。C选项“精密的，美好的”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。54.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段the world turning their backs on injustice, losing sight of our humanitarian obligation. The world is “bickering over the terminology that is used to describe what Darfur is facing,”（全世界对不公正置之不理，忽视了我们的人道主义义务。世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵）这是Cecile对整个世界的控诉，不是对美国的控诉。第二段的内容才是对美国的控诉，即It all comes down to people neglecting people.（这一切都归结于人们忽视他人），C选项“忽视人民”符合文章内容，C选项正确。A选项“履行人道主义义务”，文章提到，忽视了我们的人道主义义务，A选项可排除。B选项“促进全球正义”，不符合文章内容，可排除。D选项“用术语来描述达尔富尔所面临的问题”，文章提到世界正在为描述达尔富尔所面临的问题的术语而争吵，并没有用术语解决问题，D选项可排除。因此C选项正确。55.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第四段Emoni draws parallels between the Holocaust and current events in Africa by citing a lack of guidance, understanding and compassion.（Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例，将大屠杀和非洲的当前事件进行了对比），A选项“食物的缺乏”，没有提及，可排除。B选项“缺乏指导”、C选项“缺乏理解”，D选项“缺乏同情心”，文章提到，Emoni以缺乏指导、理解和同情为例。可排除B、C、D选项。因此A选项正确。56.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第六段第二句The situation in Darfur has primarily been ignored because the world lacks a powerful leader to get that message out（达尔富尔的局势基本上被忽视了，因为世界缺乏一个强有力的领导人来传达这一信息），这句话中“get that message out”的意思是“将这个信息曝光，让人们知道”，等同“bring sth to light”。B选项“一个揭露国际错误的强大领袖”，符合文章内容。A选项“一个强有力的领导者，可以粉碎错误”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。C选项“一个理解问题的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“一个关心不公正的人”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。57.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第七段“I think if people learn about it and they hear about it . . . if they understood it, then we can make a difference,” Emoni said, getting to the heart of her argument（我认为，如果人们了解它，听到它如果他们能理解，我们就能有所作为，埃莫尼说，直指她的核心论点），选项A“只听和学”，文章埃莫尼的论点，没有提到这个内容，可排除。B选项“听力和学习”，文章提到，人们听力和学习，可排除B选项。C选项“理解”，文章提到，他们能理解，可排除C选项。D选项“有所作为”，文章提到，如果他们能理解，就会有所作为，可排除D选项。因此A选项正确。58.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。根据倒数第二段第二句He can feel happy that his work, like, what he left behind, is still going on as if he was here today（他会感到高兴，他的工作，他留下的东西，还在继续，就像他今天还在这里一样）。C选项“很高兴，他的工作还在继续”，符合文章的内容，C选项正确。A选项“害怕别人的想法”，文章没有提到，他会害怕别人的想法，可排除。B选项“不知道在当今世界什么是对的”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“希望学生学习更加努力”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题While he was not dumber than an ox, he was not any smarter; so most of his classmates were lenient and helped him along.问题1选项A.helpfulB.mercifulC.enthusiasticD.intelligent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。lenient在句中是“仁慈的，宽大的”；A选项helpful“有帮助的，有益的”；B选项merciful“仁慈的”；C选项enthusiastic“热心的，热情的”；D选项intelligent“聪明的”。句意：虽然他不比牛笨，但也不比牛聪明，所以他的大多数同学都很宽容和仁慈，并给予他帮助。所以只有B项符合。5. 单选题Critical and independent thinking is a valued skill among American academics and professors who often sadly lament that modern students lack these skills.问题1选项A.mourn aloudB.express sorrow demonstrativelyC.complainD.regret strongly【答案】D【解析】考查副词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项mourn aloud“大声哀悼”；B选项express sorrow demonstratively“表达悲伤”；C选项complain“抱怨”；D选项regret strongly“强烈后悔”。题目中的lament表达的是“遗憾”的意思，所以D“regret strongly深表遗憾”与题目意思相符。句意：美国专业学者和教授认为批判思维独立思维是一种很有价值的技能，他们通常会因现在的学生缺乏这种能力而伤感遗憾。因此D选项正确。6. 单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.问题1选项A.advancedB.growingC.frontD.back【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A选项advanced“高级的，先进的”；B选项growing“成长的”；C选项front“前面的”；D选项back“后面的”。句意：大脑后部不会随着年龄的增长而收缩，一个人可以在没有智力或情感能力的情况下继续生活。因此只有D符合。7. 单选题Her remarks（ ）a complete disregard for human rights.问题1选项A.magnifiedB.maintainedC.manipulatedD.manifested【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项magnified“扩大，放大”；B选项maintained“保持，供养”；C选项manipulated“操纵，控制”；D选项manifested“表明，显示”，句意：她的评论表明了对人权的完全漠视，所以只有D选项符合。8. 单选题The methods through which they built up and maintained personal followings and the outlooks which accompanied such activity likewise became important（ ）for modern Chinese political behavior.问题1选项A.precedentsB.pioneerC.sourceD.resource【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项precedents“引用单元”；B选项pioneer“先锋”；C选项source“来源”；D选项resource“资源”。分析题干可知，空白处应填入一个名词，根据题干内容，活动会成为中国政治行为的，可推测答案选项为C。句意：他们用来建立维护追随者的方法与完成这样的活动的展望也成为了现今中国政治行为的重要。因此C选项正确。9. 单选题The appearance of the used car is（ ）, its much newer than it really is.问题1选项A.descriptiveB.indicativeC.deceptiveD.impressive【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项descriptive“描述的，叙述的”；B选项indicative“指示的，预示的”；C选项deceptive“欺骗性的”；D选项impressive“令人印象深刻的”，句意：这辆旧车的外观具有迷惑性，轿车比实际的样子新得多，所以选C。10. 单选题After centuries of self-enforced（ ）, China has gained for herself a place in world affairs that brings her into the current of modern history.问题1选项A.cooperationB.monopolyC.dictatorshipD.seclusion【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项cooperation“合作，协作”；B选项monopoly“垄断”；C选项dictatorship“专政，专制”；D选项seclusion“隐居”。根据后文中国占据了一席之地，可推测，中国经过数百年的自我专制，到达今天的地位。句意：经过数百年的自我实施后，中国已经在国际事务上占有一席之地，并进入了现代历史的浪潮。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题On behalf of my company, I am（ ）to you and your colleagues for your generous help.问题1选项A.subjectedB.inclinedC.availableD.obliged【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项subject与to搭配，意思是“隶属于”；B选项incline to“倾向于”；C选项available to“供给”；D选项obliged to“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，对你和你的同事们的慷慨帮助表示感谢。A，B，C项都不符合题意，故选D。12. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had come to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题He felt a repugnance for the city because it was heavily under the influence of foreigners, whom he considered to be corrupt and（ ）.