2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解35

2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题He complied with the requirement that all graduate students in education _ a thesis.问题1选项A.writeB.writingC.to writeD.be writing【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。与动词require的宾语从句谓语动词需用虚拟语气一样，名词requirement的同位语从句或表语从句的谓语动词也需用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可省略。句意：他遵守了所有教育学研究生都要写毕业论文的要求。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题“Is George really leaving the university?”“Yes, but would you mind _ to anyone?”问题1选项A.not to mention itB.not mention itC.not mentioning itD.not to mentioning it【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。动词mind后面要求跟动名词，构成mind doing something“介意做某事”。否定句式为would you mind not doing sth“请你不要做好吗？”。句意：“乔治真的要退学了吗?”“是的，但你能不能别告诉别人?”。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题When a country is under-populated, newcomers are not competitors, but assistants. If more come they may produce not only new quotas, but a （1） as well. In such a state of things land is （2） and cheap. The possession of it （3） no power or privilege. No one will work for another for wages （4） he can take up new land and be his own master. Hence it will pay no one to own more land than he can （5） by his own labor, or with such aid as his own family （6） . Hence, again, land （7） little or no rent; there will be no landlords living on rent and no laborers living on （8） , but only a middle class of yeoman farmers. All are （9） on an equality, and democracy becomes the political form, because this is the only state of society in which equality, on which democracy is （10） , is realized as a fact. The same effects are powerfully （11） by other facts. In a new and under-populated country the industries which are most profitable are the extractive industries. The （12） of these, with the exception of some kinds of mining, is that they call （13） only a low organization of labor and small amount of capital. Hence they allow the workman to become （14） his own master, and they educate him to freedom, independence, and self- （15） . At the same time, the social groups being only （16） marked off from each other, it is easy to （17） from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another. Finally, under the same circumstances, education, skill, and superior training have but inferior value compared with what they have in （18） populated countries. The （19） lie in an under-populated country, with the （20） , unskilled, manual occupations, and not with the highest developments of science, literature, and art.问题1选项A.surplusB.plusC.remainsD.remainder问题2选项A.scarceB.sacredC.abundantD.extractive问题3选项A.infersB.defersC.confersD.refers问题4选项A.butB.whenC.whileD.so问题5选项A.cultivateB.culminateC.calculateD.conceive问题6选项A.requestsB.suppliesC.impliesD.deploys问题7选项A.fostersB.promotesC.bearsD.contributes问题8选项A.rewardsB.salariesC.wagesD.awards问题9选项A.intentionallyB.potentiallyC.substantiallyD.consistently问题10选项A.fertilizedB.basedC.drawnD.guaranteed问题11选项A.influencedB.checkedC.reinforcedD.reshaped问题12选项A.featureB.characteristicC.essenceD.fundamental问题13选项A.offB.onC.toD.for问题14选项A.speedilyB.merrilyC.unfortunatelyD.amusingly问题15选项A.autonomyB.relianceC.dependenceD.regulation问题16选项A.obviouslyB.vaguelyC.positivelyD.apparently问题17选项A.transferB.transformC.transmitD.transport问题18选项A.sporadicallyB.denselyC.looselyD.neatly问题19选项A.advantagesB.disadvantagesC.gainsD.deficits问题20选项A.flexibleB.coarseC.presentableD.masculine【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:B第7题:C第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:D第14题:A第15题:B第16题:B第17题:A第18题:B第19题:A第20题:B【解析】1.考查名词辨析。A选项surplus“剩余；顺差；盈余；过剩”（指超过需要数量之外的剩余）；B选项plus“优势；加号；加法；附加额”；C选项remains“残余物，剩饭菜；古迹，遗迹；遗骸”（常指人或动物死后的遗体或遗骨，也指古代文明的遗迹或去世作家尚未发表的遗稿）；D选项remainder“余数，残余；剩余物；其余的人”（含义较广，可以指数学运算中的余数，也指从整体取走或用掉部分后的所余部分，或一群人走掉一部分剩下的人）。句意：当一个国家人口不足时，新来者不是竞争对手，而是助手。如果更多，他们可能不仅会产生新的指标，还会产生盈余。因此A选项正确。2.逻辑关系题。A选项scarce“缺乏的，不足的；稀有的”；B选项sacred“神的；神圣的；宗教的；庄严的”；C选项abundant“丰富的；充裕的；盛产的”；D选项extractive“提取的；可萃取的；精粹的；采掘的”。根据上下文可知，在人口不足的国家里，土地是充足的，与后面的cheap相呼应。句意：在这样的国家里，土地是充足而廉价的。因此C选项正确。3.考查动词辨析。A选项infer“推断；推论；做出推论”；B选项defer“推迟；延期；服从；使推迟；使延期”；C选项confer“授予；给予；协商”，常与on连用；D选项refers“参考；涉及；提到；查阅；涉及；委托；归诸于；使求助于”。句意：拥有土地并不意味着拥有权力和特权。因此C选项正确。4.考查逻辑关系。A选项but“但是”，表示转折关系；B选项when“当时候”，表示时间，也可表示条件；C选项while“当时候”，有转折、对比、递进的意义，但无条件的意义；D选项so“所以，因此”，表示结果。本题上下句之间是条件关系，其意为：如果一个人有了新土地自谋生路，他就不会为了赚钱而替别人工作。因此B选项正确。5.考查上下文语义。此处需要一个动词与上文中的名词land搭配，A选项cultivate“培养；陶冶；耕作”；B选项culminate“到绝顶；达到高潮；达到顶点”；C选项calculate“计算；预测；认为；打算”；D选项conceive“怀孕；构思；以为；持有”。其中只有A选项cultivate能与land搭配，意为“耕作土地”，因此A选项正确。6.考查动词辨析。A选项request“请求”；B选项supply“提供”；C选项imply意为“暗示”；D选项deploy意为“部署，展开”。句意：一个人购买土地不会超出他的耕作能力范围，或者不会超出其家人所能提供的帮助的范围。因此B选项正确。7.考查上下文语义。上文已经提到，土地很廉价，拥有土地并不意味着被赋予（confer）了权力和特权，此处又说到Hence, again land _ little or no rent，所以此处所选的词必定为confer的同义词，A选项fosters“培养，促进；代养，照料”；B选项promotes“促进；提升；推销；发扬”；C选项bears“忍受；承担；具有；负担；生孩子；结果实；开花；携带”；D选项contributes“贡献，出力；投稿；捐献”。句意：土地能获得的租金很少，或几乎不能获得租金。因此C选项正确。8.考查近义词辨析。A选项reward“回报，报酬”，常指为好的行为或工作而付出的报酬；B选项salary“工资”，是技术性较强的职业或脑力劳动所得的固定报酬；C选项wage“手工/体力劳动所得报酬”，常以时间/工件为计算单位；D选项award“奖金/奖状/奖章等奖品”，通常为正式决定颁给某人的东西，通常是奖励。根据文章内容，开发土地的是体力劳动者，他们的报酬应为C选项wages。句意：因此，社会中也就没有靠租金为生的地主或靠工钱过活的雇农，而只有属于中产阶级的自耕农。因此C选项正确。9.考查副词辨析。A选项intentionally“故意地”；B选项potentially“潜在地”；C选项substantially“本质上，充分地”；D选项consistently“一贯地，始终一致地”。原文此处指的是全体社会成员之间是充分平等的，因此C选项正确。10.考查固定搭配。A选项fertilize“施肥”；B选项based“立基于，以为基础”；C选项draw (on)“穿戴；催促某人；（时间）迫近，依赖等”；D选项guarantee“保证，担保”。根据固定搭配be based on“建立在基础上”可知句意为：全体社会成员间的关系是充分平等的，民主成为了政治形式。因为这是唯一一个真正实现了平等的社会，而平等正是民主的基础。因此B选项正确。11.考查上下文语义。A选项influenced“影响；改变”；B选项checked“检查，核对；制止，抑制”；C选项reinforced“加强，加固；强化；补充”；D选项reshape“改造；再成形”。根据上下文内容，前面谈及民主的产生在于各社会成员间充分平等，下文谈到教育公民懂得freedom, independence等，这是对民主的进一步强化，全句句意为：别的一些事实也强化了这种民主效果。因此C选项正确。12.考查名词辨析。A选项feature“特色，特征”，指某一事物引人注意的部分或细节，而不指性质；B选项characteristic“特征；特性；特色”，指人或物显露出的与其他人或物不同的持续的品质；C选项essence“本质，实质；精华；香精”，事物最基本的、必不可少的特质；D选项fundamental“基本原理；基本原则”。根据句意：除某些采矿业外，这些矿业的特点是只需要低水平的劳动力组织和少量的资本。下面所提及的是这种行业的特征，因此B选项正确。13.考查短语辨析。A选项call off“取消；依次叫名；叫走”；B选项call on“访问，拜访；号召，请求”；C选项call to“打电话给；呼唤；向喊；（动物）向发出特有的叫声”；D选项call for“要求；需要；提倡；邀请；为叫喊；前往接某人”。句意：采掘业只需要一个简单的劳动组织和少量资金，只有某些采矿业除外。因此D选项正确。14.考查副词辨析。A选项speedily“迅速地；赶紧”；B选项merrily“愉快地；高兴地”；C选项unfortunately“不幸地”；D选项amusingly“令人发笑地，有趣地”。句意：移民很容易获得土地，所以他们成为自己的主人的时间非常快。因此A选项正确。15.考查固定搭配。A选项autonomy“自治，自治权”；B选项reliance“信赖；信心；受信赖的人或物”；C选项dependence“依赖；依靠；信任；信赖”；D选项regulation“管理；规则；校准”。句意：因此，他们允许工人快速拥有土地，从而使他们成为自己的主人。他们还教育工人懂得自由、独立和自立。reliance与self连用，意为“自立”，符合文义，因此B选项正确。16.考查副词辨析。A选项obviously“一目了然地”；B选项vaguely“含糊地；暧昧地；茫然地”；C选项positively“肯定地；明确地；断然地；乐观地”；D选项apparently“显然地；似乎，表面上”。根据下文“it is easy to _ from one class of occupations, and consequently from one social grade, to another”可知，社会中各阶层的界限不严格，即比较模糊，因此B选项正确。17.考查动词辨析。A选项transfer“转让；转接；调动（工作）；转换”；B选项transform“改变，使变形；转换；变换；转化”；C选项transmit“传输；传播；发射；传达；遗传”；D选项transport“运输；流放；使狂喜”。句意：从某一阶层的职业换成另一阶层的职业是比较容易的，从而导致其社会阶层的改变。因此A选项正确。18.考查上下文语义。A选项sporadically“零星地；偶发地”；B选项densely“浓密地；密集地”；C选项loosely“宽松地；放荡地；轻率地”；D选项neatly“整洁地；熟练地；灵巧地”。句意：最后，在同等条件下，与人口稠密的国家相比，一个人所受的教育、学到的技能以及受到的高级培训在人口不足的国家里没什么用。根据前面的compared.with可知，下面讨论的是与under-populated相对应的社会，只能是人口众多的社会，因此B选项正确。19.考查名词辨析。A选项advantages“优势；特点；有利；利益”；B选项disadvantages“劣势；不利条件；损害”；C选项gains“收益；利益；腰槽；榫眼”；D选项deficits“赤字，亏损”。原文提到，在人口不足的国家里，教育、技能与培训并没有什么用，这对于那些从事体力劳动的人是有好处的，因此A选项正确。20.考查形容词辨析。A选项flexible“灵活的；柔韧的；易弯曲的”，不与occupations连用；B选项coarse“粗糙的，品质差的”；C选项presentable“漂亮的；可见人的；有规矩的”；D选项masculine“男性的；阳性的；男子气概的”。句意：在人口不足的国家里，有优势的是从事工作要求低的、无一技之长的体力劳动者，而不是那些在科学、文学以及艺术上有较高造诣的人。此句提到的unskilled，manual occupations与science，literature，and art相比就是粗活，因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Music is the result of thought in the form of attitude. There is no one way of thinking, since mens values are as scattered and dissimilar as individual men themselves. If black music can be seen as the result of certain attitudes, certain specific ways of thinking about the world, then my basic hypothesis about music is understood. The black mans music changed as the changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within changing contexts. It is why the music changing seems most important to me.When jazz first began to appear on the American scene during the twenties, in one form or another, it was introduced in many instances by white Americans. Yet its original conception and its most vital development were the result of certain attitudes, or experiential ideas, attributable to the Afro-American culture. Jazz as played by white musicians was not the same as that played by black musicians nor was there any reason for it to be. The music of the white jazz musician was, at its most profound, a learned art.The blues, for example, which I take to be an independent black music, was practically ignored in pre-jazz white American culture. Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However, the way in which jazz utilizes the blues “attitude” provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music. The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.Thus, the trumpets (小号) of Bix Beiderbecke and Louis Armstrong were very dissimilar. The white middle-class boy from Iowa was an inborn intellectual and had an emotional life that was based on his conscious or unconscious disapproval of most of the custom of his culture. On the other hand, Armstrong was, in terms of an emotional model, an honored priest of his culture. He was not rebelling against anything with his music. The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society: Beiderbecke, because of his isolation and departure from mass culture; and Armstrong, because of the socio-historical separation of the black man from the rest of American.1. Which of the following best states the underlying idea of the passage?2. What is the relationship between blues and jazz in American culture?3. The tone of the authors discussion of the blues is _.4. The author implies that the kinds of music produced by Beiderbecke and Armstrong differ greatly because_.5. In which of the following were Beiderbecke and Armstrong similar?问题1选项A.Due to environmental influences, the music of black and white artists must be very different.B.Due to its result of thought, Mack artists music can be learned by white musicians.C.Because jazz is created on inspiration, it is difficult for musicians to copy each other.D.Because music has social significance, its influence on black white relations should not be underestimated.问题2选项A.Jazz places more emphasis on Afro-American culture than does the blues.B.Jazz changes the attitudes of white musicians toward Afro-American culture.C.Jazz is based on the blues attitude, but expressed in comprehensible manners to white musicians.D.Jazz must be understood in order to be played, whereas the blues must be learned.问题3选项A.indifferentB.appreciativeC.curiousD.uncertain问题4选项A.the attitudes of blacks and whites as reflected in their music are differentB.Beiderbeckes intellectualism held back his development as a musicianC.rebellion acted as a destructive force on Beiderbeckes performanceD.Armstrong was well established as a performer but Beiderbecke was not问题5选项A.The attitudes they brought to their music.B.Their ability to reflect other cultures in their music.C.Their separation from mass music.D.The positions they came to hold in American society.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“The black mans music changed as the changed, reflecting shifting attitudes or consistent attitudes within changing contexts. It is why the music changing seems most important to me.（黑人音乐的改变反映了在变化的环境中态度的改变或态度的一致。这就是为什么音乐的变化对我来说是最重要的。）”，并且最后一段作者又对比了Bix Beiderbecke和Louis Armstrong不同的原因主要是成长环境不同，由此可知该文章主要讲的是黑人和白人艺术家的音乐由于环境的影响肯定是非常不同的，所以A选项“由于环境的影响，黑人和白人艺术家的音乐肯定是非常不同的”符合题意。B选项“由于思想的结果，Mack艺术家的音乐可以被白人音乐家学习”文章没有提到；C选项“因为爵士乐是灵感创造的，所以音乐家们很难相互模仿”两个分句之间不构成因果关系；D选项“因为音乐有社会意义，它对黑人和白人关系的影响是不可低估的”文章没有提及。因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Blues is an extremely important part of jazz. However, the way in which jazz utilizes the blues attitude provided a musical analogy the white musician could understand, and thus he could arrive at a style of jazz music.”（布鲁斯是爵士乐非常重要的一个部分，然而，爵士乐所运用的布鲁斯“态度”是白人音乐家能理解的，这样他才创造了爵士乐），所以C选项“爵士乐是基于布鲁斯的态度，但以白人音乐家可以理解的方式表达”符合题意。A选项“爵士乐比布鲁斯更强调美国黑人文化”；B选项“爵士乐改变了白人音乐家对美国黑人文化的态度”和D选项“爵士乐必须理解才能演奏，而布鲁斯必须学习”文章都没有提及。因此C选项正确。3.作者意图题。被问到作者意图题时，最好回到原文查看作者在提到该事物时所使用词的感情色彩。根据题干可定位到文章第三段，作者提到布鲁斯时的词有：independent，extremely important part of 等褒义词，所以可知他对布鲁斯持赞赏态度，所以B选项“赞赏的，欣赏的”更能体现作者的态度。A选项“漠不关心的”；C选项“好奇的”；D选项“不确定的，没有信心的”均不符合题意，因此B选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段结尾“The white musician understood the blues first as music, but seldom as an attitude, since the attitude of the white musician was necessarily quite a different one. And in many cases, it was not consistent with the making of jazz.（白人音乐家将布鲁斯作为音乐来理解，而很少作为一种态度来理解，因为白人的态度和黑人是不同的。在很多情况下，这与爵士乐的发展并不一致。）”，由此可知A选项“黑人和白人的态度反映在他们的音乐中是不同的”说法正确。B选项“贝德贝克的知性主义阻碍了他作为音乐家的发展”文中没有提到；C选项“叛乱对贝德贝克的表现起到了破坏性的作用”是指贝德贝克和阿姆斯特朗的不同之处，不是原因；根据文章最后一段“The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society.（令人难以置信的讽刺之处在于他们都处在美国社会上层建筑的相似位置）”可知他们都是公认的表演者，因此D选项“阿姆斯特朗是公认的表演者，但贝德贝克不是”说法错误。因此A选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“The incredible irony of the situation was that both stood in similar places in the superstructure of American society.（令人难以置信的讽刺之处在于他们都处在美国社会上层建筑的相似位置）”由此可知他们在美国社会的地位相同，所以D选项“他们在美国社会中的地位”符合题意。A选项“他们对音乐的态度”是他们的不同点；B选项“他们在音乐中反映其他文化的能力”和C选项“他们与大众音乐的分离”文章没有提及。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题All the rows, all the ethical problems and all the money spent in pursuing the human code for life will have been well worth it if it fulfils even some of its medical promise.The potential prizes certainly glitter. In the far future, it may be possible to prevent genetic diseases from being inherited by cutting them out of the gene pool once and for all, so-called gene engineering. At the nearer end of the time scale, genetic tests are allowing people to choose suitable therapies and life styles to beat disease. And in between, lie further tantalizing prospects: thousands of new drugs for previously untreatable diseases; drugs tailored to individuals, so with far fewer side effects, the ability to replace faulty genes, short-circuiting diseases at source.But the work of turning the base pair data into the gold of new treatments has already begun, according to Dr. Francis Collins, head of the US National Human Genome Research institute. I keep a tally of the genes that are responsible for human diseases that are identified over the course of year. In a good year, in times gone by, there might have been two or three. Last year, there have been 29 discovered.Private companies have also combed the data to find genes that play roles in diabetes, asthma, psoriasis and migraines. The most extreme suggested use for the human genome data is editing the DNA inheritance passed down from one generation to the next. Such a scenario involves identifying an abnormal gene and then correcting it in the cells which are used to pass genetic information to offspring. No subsequent generation would then be affected by their ancestors gene defect. However, such irreversible intervention generation would then be affected by their ancestors gene defect. However, such irreversible intervention with the code for life will only be allowed after major ethical reservations and safety concerns over possible unexpected results of the changes are addressed.There is little doubt that the revelation of human genome will benefit healthcare in the short and long term. But many of the treatments will be expensive and will do nothing to avoid the damage caused by viral and bacterial diseases. It has been suggested that a brave new world awaits us in which all ailments can be monitored from a daily mouth swab inserted into a DNA reader in our bathroom cabinets. But Dr. Ian Purvis says, “It could be that like, a long time in the future, but that is based on the rather arrogant view humanity has that it will understand everything we findand we never have in the past.”1. By saying that the “potential prizes certainly glitter”, the author means that _.2. The chief purpose of gene engineering is to _.3. From the first sentence of the third paragraph we learn that _.4. The author warns that in trying to alter human genes, special attention should be paid to _.5. According to Dr. Purvis, human beings _.问题1选项A.pursuing the human code for life certainly provokes much debateB.gene engineering fails to fulfil some of its medical promisesC.gene engineering will certainly prove to be a fruitful researchD.potential prizes for gene research have actually proved to be small问题2选项A.develop drugs suited to each individual with fewer side effectsB.prevent faulty genes from passing on to the next generationC.develop drugs for previously untreatable diseasesD.work out the best therapy for the terminally ill问题3选项A.actual work on gene engineering has been under wayB.getting away with faulty genes has proved to be a tough taskC.the prospect of finding the new treatments seems brightD.researchers have begun to collect the human genome data问题4选项A.ethical problems involvedB.abnormal genes to be alteredC.the code of life to be searched forD.protecting healthy genes问题5选项A.are more arrogant than we were in the pastB.will be able to monitor all ailments in the near futureC.understand our past better than we do our futureD.may not understand everything we discovered【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“The potential prizes certainly glitter. In the far future, it may be possible to prevent genetic diseases from being inherited by cutting them out of the gene pool once and for all, so-called gene engineering. At the nearer end of the time scale, genetic tests are allowing people to choose suitable therapies and life styles to beat disease. And in between, lie further tantalizing prospects: thousands of new drugs for previously untreatable diseases; drugs tailored to individuals, so with far fewer side effects, the ability to replace faulty genes, short-circuiting diseases at source.（潜在的奖励肯定是闪闪发光的。在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。随着时间的推移，基因测试使人们能够选择合适的治疗方法和生活方式来战胜疾病。在这两者之间，还有更诱人的前景：数以千计的新药可以治疗以前无法治疗的疾病；为个人量身定制的药物，副作用少得多，能够替换有缺陷的基因，从源头上消除疾病。）”，由此可知题干中potential prizes certainly glitter的意思是真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究，即它可以治疗遗传疾病，所以C选项“真正的工程必将被证明是一项富有成效的研究”符合题意。A选项“追寻人类的生命密码肯定会引发很多争论”；B选项“真正的工程没有履行一些医疗承诺”以及D选项“基因研究的潜在回报实际上被证明是很小的”文章都没有提及，因此C选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“In the far future, it may be possible to prevent genetic diseases from being inherited by cutting them out of the gene pool once and for all, so-called genuine engineering. （在遥远的将来，通过将遗传疾病一劳永逸地从基因库中剔除，也就是所谓的基因工程，就有可能防止遗传疾病。）”，由此可知基因工程的主要目的是防止有缺陷的基因遗传给下一代，B选项“防止有缺陷的基因传递给下一代”更符合题意。A选项“开发适合每个人的副作用更少的药物”；C选项“为以前无法治疗的疾病开发药物”；D选项“找出治疗绝症的最佳疗法”。因此B选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到第三段第一句话“But the work of turning the base pair data into the gold of new treatments has already begun, according to Dr. Francis C