2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第28期

2022-2023年考博英语-浙江工商大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题In November 1987 the government （ ）a public debate on the future direction of the official sports policy.问题1选项A.initiatedB.designatedC.inducedD.promoted【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】动词辨析题。A选项initiate“开始、发起”；B选项designate“指定、指派”；C选项induce“引诱、说服”；D选项promote“促进、提高”。由关键词“government”和“public debate公开辩论”，判断可知空格部分单词意思为“发起”，句意为：1987年11月，政府就官方体育方针政策的未来走向发起了一场公开辩论。故正确答案选A。2. 单选题 I am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I am so tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me; it is the reality I took with me into sleep. I try to think of something else. Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind. I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her. She was selling skirts. She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Her long black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling. In her hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue, green, and white. They reminded me of my childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair. I dont know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and, with three fingers against my head, I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.” She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasnt sure if she understood me (I dont speak Laotian very well). I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos, bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We shook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made another offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was being too generous and wouldnt make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase. She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy. The feeling stayed with me while she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayed behind in the marketplace. I felt tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didnt, of course. I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in the newspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirts up to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to the floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what I have. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colors. The woman in the marketplace! She has given these ribbons to me! There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didnt cry.1. According to the writer, the woman in the market place .2. Which of the following is NOT correct?3. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because the woman（ ） .4. When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not because（ ） . 5. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?问题1选项A.refused to speak to herB.was pleasant and attractiveC.was selling skirts and ribbonsD.recognize her immediately问题2选项A.The writer was used to bargaining.B.Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.C.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.D.People in Asia always bargain when buying things.问题3选项A.thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.D.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.问题4选项A.she was afraid of crying in public.B.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.C.she had to show in public that she was strong.D.she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.问题5选项A.She suddenly felt very sad.B.She felt sorry for the woman.C.She liked the ribbons so much.D.She was overcome by emotion.【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段“she moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. 就像我通常见到的老挝女子一样，她走起路来悠闲而又可爱”，可知选项B“很讨人喜欢和有吸引力”符合题意，因此B正确。2.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第五段“I decided to buy one of those skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom to bargain in Asia. In Laos, bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with the sort of quiet peacefulness. 我决定买下其中一条裙子，而且我开始和她讨价还价。在亚洲买东西讨价还价是习惯。在老挝，讨价还价是以一种轻声细语，十分平静的形式不紧不慢地进行的”。由此可知A选项是没有提及的，故答案选A。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第六段第二句“She was pleased by the few words I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. 她对我能够用老挝语和她说上几句话感到很开心，尽管这些话全是数字，她看得出我懂得讨价还价之间的小玩笑”和第四句“she was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. 她很开心，所以她意外的接受我最后的定价”，可知选项D为最佳答案。4.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第八段“I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy. 我学会了如何保护自己不受困难的影响；不知不觉中，我也学会了如何保护自己抵制软弱和随和。”由此可知正确答案选D。5.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第十段“There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and very hard, as if. 没有什么可以抵御慷慨，而这一次我哭了，非常伤心”文章第九段说作者从市场回来，再次检查买回来的裙子，发现里面夹杂五条扎头发的丝绸带，比自己买的多了两根。她被这种情绪感动了。故选项D为最符合语境的答案。3. 单选题Herman is very adroit at handling people. He is a (an) （ ）man who is able to express his thoughts and desires very precisely.问题1选项A.dedicateB.articulateC.exasperateD.formulate【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项dedicate“致力，献身”；B选项articulate“善于表达的；口才好的”；C选项exasperate“激怒，恶化”；D选项formulate“规划，制定”。A、C、D都为动词，不可填入空格部分。根据后面关键词“express his thoughts and desires very precisely准确地表达自己的思想和愿望”，可知空格部分形容词的意思应该是“善表达的”，句意为：赫尔曼很善于与人打交道。他是个能言善辩的人，能把自己的想法准确表达出来。故正确答案选B。4. 单选题As an independent citizen, he sees no obligation to open himself to further（ ）.问题1选项A.screechB.scrutinyC.scrubD.scrap【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项screech“尖叫声”；B选项scrutiny“详细审查，监视”；C选项scrub“矮树，洗擦”；D选项scrap“碎片，残余物”。根据关键词“independent citizen独立公民”和动词“open公开，打开”，可知空格部分单词意思“审查，检查”，句意为：作为一个独立的公民，他认为没有义务进一步让自己接受审查。选项B与之意思相近。5. 翻译题 在全球经济放缓的情况下，为何大宗商品价格却在飙升呢？流行的解释似乎是“投机”。但是，由于投机是无时不在的，这无法解释为什么现在价格猛涨。另一个流行的解释是美国大幅放宽货币政策。但这很难解释这样一个事实：按照欧元计算，油价也在快速上涨。同时，投机也无法解释那些没有活跃期货市场的大宗商品价格的上涨。(参考词汇：commodity prices; soar; speculation; ease; monetary policy; euro; futures market)【答案】 Why are commodity prices soaring when world economy is slowing? The popular explanation seems to be “speculation”. But, since speculation is always with us, this cannot explain why prices are soaring now? Another popular explanation is the aggressive easing of US monetary policy. But, this hardly explains the fact that the price of oil is rising rapidly even in euros. Nor does speculation explain the rise in the prices of these commodities that do not have active futures markets.6. 单选题Life is a candle （ ）to burn even brighter.问题1选项A.being meantB.meaningC.to meanD.meant【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。根据句中关键词“burn even brighter越燃越亮”的对应知这里指代“人们希望蜡烛（或蜡烛应该）越燃越亮”；再由“mean”一词在表示“主观希望”时一般用被动语态知D项“meant（其完整形式应该为which is meant）”正确。故正确答案选D。7. 单选题His friends reminiscences on the civil war were a （ ）excitement to the 80-year-old veteran.问题1选项A.continuousB.continualC.continuingD.continuum【答案】A【解析】【试题解析】考查同形词辨析。A选项continuous“持续不断的”；B选项continual“持续的，频繁的”；C选项continuing 是动词continue “继续；持续”的现在分词；D选项continuum是名词“统一体；连续体”。缺定语修饰a excitement“令人兴奋的一件事”，故continuous“持续不断的”最符合，句意为：朋友们对南北战争的回忆让这位80岁的老兵兴奋不已。8. 翻译题 Winners have different potentials. Achievement is not the most important thing. Authenticity is. The authentic person experiences the reality of himself by knowing himself, being himself, and becoming himself. He actualized his own unprecedented uniqueness, and appreciates the uniqueness of others. A winner is not afraid to do his own thinking and to use his own knowledge. He can separate facts from opinion and doesnt pretend to have all the answers. He listens to others, evaluates what they say, but comes to his own conclusions. While he can admire and respect other people, he is not totally defined, demolished, bound or awed by them.【答案】 成功者的潜质各不相同，成就并不是最重要的，活得真实才是。一个真实的人通过了解自我，坚持自我，使自己成为值得信赖、乐于回应的人来体验真实的自我。它实现前所未有的独特的自我，同时也尊重他人的独特之处。 成功者不惧怕独立思考，也不惧怕独立运用知识，他能够区分哪些是事实，哪些是观点，同时并不宣称洞察一切。他倾听他人的意见，琢磨他人的话语，但是自行做出结论，他可以钦羡、尊重别人，可是他绝不为他人所局限，所束缚，不会对他们敬若神灵。9. 单选题She turned down the well-paid job, （ ）not able to pick up her four-year-old son from kindergarten.问题1选项A.to be consideredB.consideringC.being consideredD.having considered【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。从非谓语动词做伴随状语的用法上分析，空格部分要填的动词和主语she存在逻辑上主谓关系，排除A和C选项。选项D是现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在主语动作之前，不符合语境。故选B为最佳答案。句意为：考虑到没办法接送四岁的儿子上幼儿园，她放弃了报酬丰厚的工作。10. 单选题He uses color, light and form quite differently from the conventional style of his（ ） .问题1选项A.descendantsB.predecessorsC.successorsD.ancestors【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项descendant“子孙，后裔”；B选项predecessor“前任，前辈”；C选项successor“后继者，继承人”；D选项ancestor“祖宗，祖先”，分析空格前后的句子成分，是一个所有格短语，充当介词from的宾语，意思可以理解为“前辈的传统表达方式”，句意为：他在色彩、光线和形式方面，做法完全不同于他前辈的传统方式。故正确答案选B。11. 单选题Students should know better than （ ）pets like dogs, cats and mouse at dormitory.问题1选项A.to feedB.feedingC.to have fedD.fed【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。than后一般是接名词或者动名词短语形式的词，故四个选项只有B符合语境。句意为：学生应该知道最好不要在宿舍里养狗、猫和老鼠之类的宠物。12. 单选题We need a chairman（ ） .问题1选项A.for whom everyone has confidenceB.in whom everyone has confidenceC.who everyone has confidence ofD.whom everyone has confidence on【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。本题考查的是定语从句的运用。have confidence in sb/sth对某人或某事有信心。根据句子意思排除选项A、C和D。另外，空格部分填入的定语从句中，关系代词是充当从句的宾语，所以用whom，句意为：我们需要一个人人都对他有信心的主席。所以选项B是正确答案。13. 单选题An energy tax would curb ordinary air pollution, limit oil imports and cut the budget （ ）.问题1选项A.dispositionB.defectC.discrepancyD.deficit【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项disposition“处置，性情”；B选项defect“缺点，劣势”；C选项discrepancy“不符，矛盾”；D选项deficit“赤字”。根据动词“cut削减，砍掉”和“budget预算”，可知空格部分单词意思为“赤字，不足额”，句意为：能源税能抑制普通的空气污染，限制石油进口和削减预算赤字。故正确答案选D。14. 单选题How parents treat their own parents usually （ ）the way they are to be treated by their children in the future.问题1选项A.decidingB.decideC.decidesD.to decide【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。缺谓语动词，主语How parents treat their own parents是从句，看作单数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词应该用decides，句意为：父母如何对待自己的父母，通常决定了他们将来被孩子对待的方式。故答案选C。15. 单选题Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe （ ）it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.问题1选项A.so thatB.but thatC.provided thatD.in that【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里的空格考查前后两个句子之间的关系。根据后面句子的意思“it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced 它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架”，可知它表示的是前面句子的原因。这里选项D“in that 因为”适合前后句子语境意思，句意为：氢是宇宙中最重要的元素之一，因为它提供了其他元素赖以产生的建构框架。D为正确答案。16. 单选题 Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increase, more and more colonists built fine house. Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books. Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of brick in housed and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained that most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick house. Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative. Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were mad of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately paneled. White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. What was one of the main reasons for the change in architectural style in eighteenth-century North America?3. According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century North America?4. The passage implies that the rules outlined in architectural manuals were（ ）.5. What does the author imply about the use of wallpaper before 1730?问题1选项A.The improved design of eighteenth-century colonial houses.B.A comparison of eighteenth-century houses and modern houses.C.The decorations used in eighteenth-century houses.D.The role of carpenters in building eighteenth-century houses.问题2选项A.More architects arrived in the colonies.B.The colonists developed an interest in classical architecture.C.Bricks were more readily available.D.The colonists had more money to spend on housing.问题3选项A.Professional architectsB.CustomersC.Interior decoratorsD.Carpenters问题4选项A.generally ignoredB.legally bindingC.not strictly adhered toD.only followed by older builders问题5选项A.Wallpaper samples appeared in the architectural manuals.B.Wallpaper was the same color as the wall paints used.C.Patterned wallpaper was not widely used.D.Wallpaper was not used in stone house.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】A【试题解析】主旨大意题。定位到文章第一段中第二句“During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. ”这句转折性的话语，提出了本文主要讨论的问题是“18世纪殖民地房屋设计的改进”。故正确答案选A。2.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。文章第一段提到了北美房屋建筑在18世纪发生变化，根据第一段最后一句提到“As wealth increase, more and more colonies built fine houses 随着财富的增加，越来越多的殖民者建造比较精美的房屋”，由此可知，因为殖民者的财富增加，他们可以花更多的钱在建筑房屋上面，所以建筑风格发生了一定的变化。故正确答案选D。3.【试题答案】D【试题解析】推理判断题。定位到文章第二段第一句“Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. 由于建筑在殖民地还不是一项专门的职业，房屋设计或者由业余设计师来做，或者由那些承担从英国进口的建筑手册的翻译任务的木匠来做。”由此可知，18世纪的房屋设计主要由木匠来负责。选项D为正确答案。4.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第二段最后一句话“Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books. 然而18世纪的70年代前大多数家庭建筑都展现了品味上广泛的不同，以及这些书中的规则在运用上的自由。”这里的“these books”指的就是本段第一句中的“architectural manuals建筑手册”，由此可知，这些建筑手册上的记载的规则并没有被严格遵守，而是自由地运用。故正确答案选C。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第四段最后一句“After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers. 大概在1730年后，殖民地报纸上开始出现风景画形式的壁纸风格广告”，由此推断，在此之前，风景画式的壁纸还没有广泛使用。故正确答案选C。17. 单选题Johnson invited his old sister Sue to Los Angeles, but her physical report（ ）, she declined the invitation.问题1选项A.did not come outB.has not come outC.does not come outD.having not come out【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。句中her physical report不是句子结构，只有having not come out做伴随状语符合题意，句意为：约翰逊邀请他的姐姐苏去洛杉矶，但她的身体报告还没出来，她拒绝了邀请。故答案选D。其他三项都是句子结构。18. 单选题Only by publishing at least five articles on top journals （ ）have the chance to be promoted to professors.问题1选项A.teachers canB.can teachersC.a teacher canD.can a teacher【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构，用来修饰整个句子时，空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为：只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文，老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。19. 翻译题 Implicit in the above questions is the development of sourcing alternatives. In designing systems, the prudent manager has an alternative in mind, albeit an alternative that may not be a first choice, but one that will functionally substitute should a given procedure, supplier, or nation become temporarily unavailable. Specification should thus include the nature of relationships between the company and its suppliers, appropriate communication styles and linkages, and a clear statement of company philosophy and expectations for dealing with its own customers.【答案】 在上述问题中，寻找替代方案是不言而喻的。在设计系统时，谨慎的管理者脑海中会有一个备选方案，尽管这个备选方案不是首选，但是，如果指定的程序、供应商或供货国家暂时无法使用，这个方案将能顶替并起作用。因此，细则中应该说明公司与其供应商之间关系的性质，合适的沟通方式和联系方式，以及明确说明公司的理念和与本公司打交道的要求。20. 翻译题 30多年来，外商直接投资的引入不仅带来了资金，更带来了先进的技术设备、管理和经营理念，有力地促进了中国经济制度、技术和管理创新。正因如此，我们在今年4月公开征求意见，对“自主创新”产品的认定标准进行了调整，上述结果说明，所有外国企业都得到了一视同仁的对待，他们的产品被视为“中国制造”，和中国企业的产品适用同样的原产地规则。自从加入世界贸易组织以来，中国不断降低外资准入门槛。1997年以来，我们4次修订外商投资产业指导目录。(参考词汇：self-dependent innovative: consultation; rules of origin; entry threshold)【答案】 Over the last three decades, foreign direct investment has brought capital, advanced technologies and business know-how to China. We understand that FDI fosters innovation. That is why, in April, we held a public consultation to review the criteria we use to accredit “self-dependent innovative products”. The results emphasized that all foreign enterprises are given equal treatment and that all their products are considered to be “made in China”, while the same rules of origin are applied to them as to Chinese products. Since joining the World Trade Organization, China has continually lowered the entry threshold for foreign investment. Since 1997, we have revised the Catalogue of Industries for Foreign Investment Guidance four times.