2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解25

2022年考博英语-北京体育大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题He （ ）to my proposal.问题1选项A.has not still respondedB.has not responded yetC.has yet not respondedD.still has not responded【答案】D【解析】副词辨析题。yet和still都表示“还”的意思，但二者在句中的位置是不一样的。yet 一般位于句尾或句中，而still则通常在句中，排除B选项，另外，在否定句中，still可以位于否定结构之前，而yet却不能这样使用，排除A、C选项，因此，答案选D。2. 单选题An interesting theory in economics is （1） by the Head Man of a small mountain tribe. It seems that this tribe was very good at making straw mats that had great sales（2）in the（3）market. The representative of an American company went to visit the tribe and tried to make a good business deal. He（4）to the Head Man and（5） that his company would like to（6）several thousand pieces.Undoubtedly, he said, the business（7）would be（8）to the tribe. After some thoughts, the Head Man（9） , but announced that the price per piece would be（10）in such a（11）order than it would be if（12） a small order were placed. The representative was（13）than a little shocked（14）the business sense of the Head Man,（15）insisted that the price should be（16）because of the large volume, and（17）not higher. No, replied the head of the tribe（18）. But why not? asked the American. Because（19）is so tiresome to make the（20）article over and over, answered the Head Man.问题1选项A.illustratedB.appreciatedC.demonstratedD.anticipated问题2选项A.capacityB.potentialC.abilityD.fortune问题3选项A.strawB.globalC.worldD.earth问题4选项A.addressedB.spokeC.askedD.told问题5选项A.declaredB.confirmedC.demandedD.gestured问题6选项A.orderB.sellC.disposeD.make问题7选项A.treatyB.pactC.matterD.deal问题8选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.valuableD.profitable问题9选项A.agreedB.acceptedC.refusedD.received问题10选项A.lowerB.higherC.expensiveD.cheaper问题11选项A.smallB.bigC.vastD.high问题12选项A.certainlyB.reallyC.onlyD.simply问题13选项A.greaterB.strongerC.lessD.more问题14选项A.fromB.ofC.atD.since问题15选项A.whoB.andC.thenD.therefore问题16选项A.lowerB.higherC.littleD.raised问题17选项A.neverB.reallyC.certainlyD.yet问题18选项A.weaklyB.happilyC.stubbornlyD.hesitatingly问题19选项A.heB.itC.whatD.work问题20选项A.similarB.beautifulC.alikeD.same【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:D第14题:C第15题:C第16题:A第17题:C第18题:C第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）动词辨析题。illustrate举例说明，阐述；appreciate欣赏，感激；demonstrate展示，证明；anticipate预料，预期。句意：一个小山村部落的首领 一个有趣的经济学理论。根据关键词“theory”可知选项C“证实.理论”最为恰当。（2）近义词辨析题。capacity能力；potential潜力；ability能耐；fortune财富，运气。根据下文“一家美国公司的代表去拜访这个部落，试图达成一笔好生意。”说明这些草席是有销售潜力的，所以选项B更恰当。（3）考查固定用法。world market为固定用法，表示“国际市场，世界市场”。所以选项C正确。（4）近义词辨析题。根据句意可知，这里是想表达美国公司的代表对部落首领说.。选项A太正式，一般用于书信表达；选项C意为请求，要求；选项D后面直接接sb.，不用介词to，所以只有选项B正确。（5）动词辨析题。declared宣称，断言；confirmed证实，批准；demanded要求；gestured做手势。根据下文可知，这里指宣称他的公司将要订购几千个草席这件事件，所以选项A符合句意。（6）动词辨析题。order订购；sell售卖；dispose处理；make制造。根据上文可知，这里是订购草席，所以选项A正确。（7）考查固定搭配。business deal为固定搭配，意为“交易，生意”。选项D正确。（8）形容词辨析题。effective有效的；efficient有效率的；valuable有价值的；profitable有利可图的。根据原文可知，这里涉及到达成交易，所以对于部落来说应该是有利可图的，所以选项D符合语境。（9）上下文推断。根据下文“but announced that.”可知，说明首领同意达成这笔交易，但是有一个条件。所以选项A正确。（10）上下文推断。根据下文的“shocked”可知，这里提出来的条件应该是不合理的。所以填空处应表示价格高，再根据后面的than可知，这里应填入比较级，所以选项B正确。（11）上下文推断。根据下文“than.a small order”可知，相对于小订单来说，这里应该是大笔的订单，两者形成比较。所以选项B正确。（12）副词辨析题。根据句意：如果仅仅只是下小订单的话，那么大笔订单中每件的价格要更高。选项C和D都有“仅仅”的意思，但simply强调简单，所以选项C更恰当。（13）考查固定用法。“more than a little”为固定用法，意为“十分，非常”。选项D正确。（14）考查固定搭配。“be shocked at”为固定搭配，意为“对感到震惊”。选项C正确。（15）考查逻辑连词。根据原文可知，美国公司的代表先是感到震惊，然后坚持认为价格应该更低。选项C更符合语境。（16）上下文推断。上文提到，部落首领认为大订单的单价要高于小订单的单价，美国公司的代表感到震惊，显然是觉得这个价格不合理，他觉得大订单的单价要低于小订单的单价，所以这里应填入“lower”，选项A正确。（17）副词辨析题。never从未，绝不；really真正地；certainly当然，必定；yet还，已经。根据句意：因为数量大，当然价格不能更高。所以选项C符合语境。（18）副词辨析题。weakly虚弱地，无力地；happily快乐地；stubbornly固执地；hesitatingly踟躇地。根据首领的回答“No”可知，他固执的拒绝了，选项C符合语境。（19）考查语法结构。分析句子结构可知，本句真正的主语是后面的不定式，所以填空处应填入it做形式主语。选项B正确。（20）词组辨析题。similar和alike都表示相似的；same相同的；根据下文“over and over重复，一遍又一遍”可知，这里指重复做同样的事情，所以选项D正确。3. 翻译题Translating the following passages from English into Chinese.Former England captain David Beckham is to retire at the end of the season. The 38-year-old signed a five-month deal at Paris St-Germain in January and donated all of his salary to charity.Beckham made 115 appearances for England and 394 for Manchester United, winning six Premier League titles and the Champions League.Here, in his statement released today, Beckham talks about his decision to retire from playing. “Im thankful to PSG for giving me the opportunity to continue but I feel now is the right time to finish my career, playing at the highest level.” “If you had told me as a young boy I would have played for and won trophies with my boyhood club Manchester United, proudly captained and played for my country over one hundred times and lined up for some of the biggest clubs in the world, I would have told you it was a fantasy. Im fortunate to have realized those dreams.” “To this day, one of my proudest achievements is captaining my country. I knew every time I wore the Three Lions shirt, I was not only following in a long line of great players, I was also representing every fan that cared passionately about their country. Im honoured to represent England both on and off the pitch.” 【答案】前英格兰队队长大卫贝克汉姆将于本赛季末退役。今年1月， 38岁的小贝在巴黎圣日耳曼签署了一份为期5个月的合同，并将自己的全部薪水捐给了慈善机构。贝克汉姆代表英格兰出场115次，代表曼联出场394次，六次获得英超冠军和欧冠冠军。在他今天发表的声明中，贝克汉姆谈到了退役的决定。“我非常感谢巴黎圣日尔曼给我继续参赛的机会，但是我觉得现在是时候结束我的职业生涯了，在最高水平的联赛中。”“如果你在我很小的时候告诉我，我会为曼联俱乐部效力并赢得奖杯，并自豪地担任队长，为我的国家征战100多次，并为世界上一些伟大的俱乐部效力，我会告诉你这些只是幻想。幸运的是，我实现了这些梦想。”“直到今天，我最引以为豪的事情就是担任国家队队长。每当穿上三狮军团的战衣，我知道我不仅作为一名球员，同一大群伟大的球员合作征战，我也代表着每一位关心英格兰的球迷。我很荣幸能够成为英格兰的代表，无论是场内还是场外。”4. 单选题Not too many decades ago it seemed “obvious” both to the general public and to sociologists that modern society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the “obvious” is not true. It seems that if you are a city resident, you typically know a smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most part, this fact has few significant consequences. It does not necessarily follow that if you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else.Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with kin than are big-city residents. Yet city dwellers compensate by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities any likelier to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities. However, city dwellers do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers.These findings do not imply that urbanism makes little or no difference. If neighbors arc strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be a link between a communitys population size and its social heterogeneity. For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. Everything considered, heterogeneity and unusual behavior seem to be outcomes of large population size.1.Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?2.According to the passage, it was once a common belief that urban residents （ ）.3.One of the consequences of urban life is that impersonal relationships among neighbors （ ）.4.It can be inferred from the passage that the bigger a community is （ ）.5.What is the passage mainly about?问题1选项A.Two contrasting views are presented.B.An argument is examined and possible solutions givenC.Research results concerning the quality of urban life are presented in order of time.D.A detailed description of the difference between urban and small-town life is given问题2选项A.did not have the same interests as their neighborsB.could not develop long-standing relationshipsC.tended to be associated with bad behaviorD.usually had more friends问题3选项A.disrupt peopled natural relationsB.make them worry about crimeC.cause them not to show concern for one anotherD.cause them to be suspicious of each other问题4选项A.the better its quality of lifeB.the more similar its interestsC.the more tolerant and open-minded it isD.the likelier it is to display psychological symptoms of stress问题5选项A.Similarities in the interpersonal relationships between urbanites and small-town dwellersB.Advantages of living in big cities as compared with living in small towns.C.The positive role that urbanism plays in modem life.D.The strong feeling of alienation of city inhabitants.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干询问下列哪个陈述最能描述第一段的结构?。文章在第一段的第一句指出了几十年前存在的一个看起来非常“明显的” 事实。下一句用However一词表示内容发生了转折。表示近年来的研究表明这一曾经看起来非常明显的事实其实是假的。”在这之后便就近年来的研究结果进行说明。所以A选项提出了两种截然不同的观点。正确。2.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，城市居民曾经是一个普遍的信念。根据文章第一段中第一句“ modem society has changed peoples natural relations, loosened their responsibilities to kin and neighbors, and substituted in their place superficial relationships with passing acquaintances. 现代社会改变了人们的自然关系，放松了人们对亲属和邻居的责任，取代了他们与泛泛之交的肤浅关系。”确定B选项不能发展长期的关系正确。3.细节事实题。题干询问城市生活的后果之一就是邻里之间缺乏人情味的关系。根据文章第三段中第二句 “If neighbors are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. 如果邻居彼此都是陌生人，他们就不太可能去扫住在隔壁的老夫妇的人行道，也不太可能留意年轻的捣乱分子。”确定C选项让他们不关心彼此正确4.推理判断题。题干询问从文章中可以推断，一个社区越大。根据文章最后一段中第五句“Large-city urbanites are also more likely than their small-town counterparts to have a cosmopolitan outlook, to display less responsibility to traditional kinship roles, to vote for leftist political candidates, and to be tolerant of nontraditional religious groups, unpopular political groups, and so-called undesirables. 大城市的都市人也比小城镇的都市人更有可能拥有国际化的视野，对传统的亲属角色表现出较少的责任感，投票给左派政治候选人，并对非传统宗教团体、不受欢迎的政治团体和所谓的不受欢迎的人持宽容态度。”确定C选项越宽容，越豁达正确5.主旨大意题。题干询问这篇文章主要讲的是什么?。 文章在第一段的第一句指出了几十年前存在的一个看起来非常“明显的” 事实。后面马上转折表示近年来的研究表明这一曾经看起来非常明显的事实其实是假的。之后对比了大城市与小城镇中的人际关系，重点在于指出大城市与小城镇居民人际关系的相同之处。并且第二段第二句明确表示“Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. 事实上，有意义的人际关系的数量和质量并没有因城市人口的增多而有所不同。所以A选项城市居民和小城镇居民之间人际关系的相似性正确。5. 单选题Last year, the crime rate in Chicago has sharply（ ）.问题1选项A.descendedB.slippedC.lessenedD.declined【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。descend “下降，下倾（数量）”；slip “使滑动”；lessen “使变小，使减轻”；decline “下降，拒绝”。句意：去年，芝加哥的犯罪率急剧下降。因此选项D符合题意。6. 单选题I think I was at school, （ ）I was staying with a friend during the vacation when I heard the news.问题1选项A.or elseB.and thenC.or soD.even so【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。A选项；B选项and then “于是，然后”;C选项or so “大约”; D选项even so “虽然如此，即使如此”。根据句意当听到这个消息时，我应该是在学校，在和朋友度假。应该是表示选择，所以A选项or else “否则,要不然”符合逻辑，正确。7. 翻译题Translate the following sentences from Chinese into English.国际足联宣布海外球迷观看7月13日决赛的最低门票价格是440美元（约台币288英镑）。支持者称，他成功的运动生涯以及对2012年伦敦奥运会做出的努力，足以令他拿到这项荣誉。髙尔夫运动己成为2016年奥运会比赛项目，因此，高尔夫运动及该运动的赞助商都将对关天朗寄以厚望，希望他能够进一步促进该运动蓬勃发展。2007年10月28日，足协在北京召开新闻发布会，宣布前法国女足主教练伊丽莎白洛伊塞尔就任中国女足主教练。不过每日邮报此前报道说，穆雷在2013年的新年嘉奖名单上刚刚拿到了大英帝国勋章，以表彰他获得奥运金牌并摘下美网公开赛桂冠，因此他在2014的嘉奖名单上会受到冷落。【答案】FIFA announced that the cheapest ticket for overseas fans for the final on July 13 is $440(about 288 pounds).Supporters said that his successful sports career and his efforts towards the London 2012 Olympics made him qualified to gain this honor.Golf has been included in the 2016 Olympic Games, so golf sports and its sponsors will place high expectations on Guan Tianlang, hoping he will promote the further development of golf.The football association held a news conference in Beijing and announced that France womens coach Elizabeth Loisel has been appointed as chief coach of Chinese womens football team in Beijing on October 28th, 2007.The Daily Mail reported that Murray was awarded an OBE in the 2013 New Years honours list in recognition of his Olympic gold medal and US Open Laurel, so would be left out in the 2014 New Years honours list.8. 单选题W: Thats the worst painting I have ever seen.M: Come on. Its not that bad.Q: What is the man probably doing?问题1选项A.He is encouraging the woman.B.He is rejecting the womans idea.C.He is making a comment.D.He is comforting the woman.【答案】C【解析】女士说那幅画是她见过最糟糕的，但男士认为那幅画也没有那么糟糕，由此可知男士是在发表自己的看法。C选项正确。9. 单选题W: Would you mind sending champagne and strawberries to my room at 1 a.m. please?M: Ill try, maam. But on Wednesday the kitchen staff leave at midnight.Q: What is the woman doing?问题1选项A.Asking for help.B.Making a request.C.Making a suggestion.D.Ordering food.【答案】D【解析】对话中，女士需要男士在凌晨1点将香槟和草莓送到她的房间，而男士表示厨房工作人员在周三的午夜时分都下班了。确定D选项订购食物正确。10. 单选题If I didnt know the word, I had to a （ ）dictionary.问题1选项A.look outB.make outC.refer toD.go over【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。A选项look out “（表示警告，尤指有危险）小心，当心，留神”；B选项make out “理解，辨认”；C选项refer to“涉及，与相关，查阅，参考”；D选项go over “复习，仔细检查”。根据前一句句意我不认识这个单词，以及空格后“a dictionary词典”可知C选项refer to“查阅，参考”正确。11. 单选题We prefer that the plan （ ）before being put into execution.问题1选项A.be fully discussedB.must be fully discussedC.will be fully discussedD.is fully discussed【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。prefer后面接that引导的宾语从句时，谓语动词用should+动词原形，其中should可省略。所以选项A为省略了should的正确答案。12. 单选题To read a new book, you simply need good light, time and the right frame of mind. But to read a new software package, you need a thousand pounds worth of hardware, considerable computer knowledge, plenty of time and, most important of all, endless determination.Generally speaking, all books are very much alike, and the experienced reader has no difficulty coping with an unfamiliar book. But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package.You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. Learning to use a new piece of software is like trying to ride a trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action. It looks easier than it really is. This is partly because you must first unlearn what youve learnt on the last package; no two packages use the control characters on the keyboard in quite the same way. How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered!Since you cant rely on your precious experience, the only way to understand your new software package is to rely on the manual. Some software manuals are written with the beginner in mind and have explicit instruction with well-designed exercises that lead you gently on from stage to stage. But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. All require a full set of fingers and thumbs to mark pages while hunting out information. Yes, perhaps the information is in the manual, but where?1.When learning to use a new software package you may probably feel （ ）.2.The author mentions the trick bicycle, on which the handlebars have a reverse action, in order to show （ ）.3.How could a software package become easier to users according to the author?4. What is the most common problem in software manuals according to the passage?5.The word “explicit” underlined in paragraph 4 probably means “ （ ）”.问题1选项A.frustratedB.encouragedC.engrossedD.dismayed问题2选项A.how difficult it is to learn to ride a bicycleB.it is impossible to learn to ride this bicycleC.how difficult it is to learn a new software packageD.to leam to ride a bicycle is the same thing as to leam a new software package问题3选项A.All software packages are made by the same software company.B.The users are familiar with all kinds of software packages.C.There are some standards to which all software writers adhere.D.There is a committee which examines all software packages.问题4选项A.They have complicated explanations which are quite beyond your understanding.B.They are printed in very small characters.C.Their instructions and explanations are too simple.D.They are written with the beginner in mind.问题5选项A.confusingB.clearC.complicatedD.involved【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。题干询问当你学习使用一个新的软件包时，你可能会觉得。根据文章第二段中第二句 “But imagine how frustrating it would be if you had to make a mental adjustment, if you had to read in a different way every time you read a book from a different publisher, yet this is exactly what it is like when you use a new software package. 但是想象一下，如果你必须在思想上做出调整，如果你每次阅读不同出版商的书时都必须以不同的方式阅读，这将是多么令人沮丧的一件事，而这正是你使用新软件包时的情况。”确定A选项懊恼的，沮丧的正确。2.推理判断题。题干询问作者提到的自行车车把的反作用，是为了显示。骑特技自行车的例子在文章第三段。第一句是该段的中心句，然后骑特技自行车的例子是为了论证这一句，所以答案在中心句找。“You can be encouraged in a good book within a minute, but getting new software running takes ages. 你可以在一分钟内读完一本好书，但让新软件运行起来需要很长时间。”确定C选项学习一个新的软件包有多难。3.细节事实题。题干询问根据作者的观点，软件包如何变得对用户更容易?。根据文章第三段中的最后一句 “How much easier it would be if there are some standards to which all software writers adhered! 如果有一些所有软件作者都遵循的标准，那该多容易啊!”确定C选项所有软件作者都遵循一些标准。4.细节事实题。题干询问根据这篇文章，软件手册中最常见的问题是什么?。根据文章最后一段中的第三句“But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations which only confuse and irritate you. 但是大多数人都认为你已经是专家了，并且有复杂的解释，这些解释只会让你困惑和恼怒。”确定A选项他们的解释很复杂，你根本无法理解正确。5.词汇题。题干询问第4段下划线的“explicit”一词可能是指。“explicit”出现在文章最后一段的第二句话中。该句中与“have explicit instruction”并列的是“with the beginner in mind站在初学者的角度”，而后文中是用but表示相反意思的 “But most assume that you are already an expert, and have complicated explanations但是大部分的使用手册都认为你是该领域的专业人员，手册中的解释都非常复杂”，所以该词是与complicated词义相反，B选项清楚的正确。13. 单选题It is time the nations of the world （ ）a halt to the manufacture of nuclear weapons.问题1选项A.would callB.callC.calledD.will call【答案】C【解析】考查固定用法。It is time( that) sb. did sth.意为“是做某事的时候了.”。句意：世界各国是时候停止制造核武器了。所以选项C正确。14. 单选题W: Would you like me to get you some tea?M: Not now, thanks. Maybe later.Q: What does the man want?问题1选项A.To drink tea in a while.B.To prepare tea himself.C.To get the woman some tea lat