2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）第13期

2022-2023年考博英语-南京艺术学院模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The most significant change thus far in the earth environment began with the industrial revolution for human civilization. Industry meant coals, and later oil, and we now burn a lot of it, which has polluted our environment, so human civilization is now the dominant cause of the change in the global environment. Yet we resist the truth and find it hard to believe that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the force of the moons gravity on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And if we are now capable of changing something such as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, we seem to be unaware of the fragility of the earths natural system.In fact, I think everyone has a small garden and that is our inner world. Peoples intelligence needs to be developed, so does the inner world. The difference between people and animals, in addition to the many well-known, is also in the inner world. The heart is an important organ; however, the inner world is a landscape. It gradually took shape under the constant influence of the outside world on the heart. Everyone is so concerned about the health of the hearts of their beloved ones as well as his that a slight disease would cause great anxiety. But not everyone is concerned about the inner world of themselves and their beloved ones.【答案】迄今为止，地球环境最重大的变化始于人类文明的工业革命。工业意味着煤，随后是石油，这两者的燃烧污染了环境，因此人类文明是目前造成全球环境变化的主要原因。然而，我们却拒绝承认这个事实，也很难相信我们对地球的影响现在必须用计算月球对海洋的引力或风对山脉的力量的同一标准来衡量。如果我们有能力改变像地球与太阳之间的关系这样重要事物的话，我们必须承认自己有责任合理谨慎使用这些权利。然而，到目前为止，我们似乎没有意识到地球自然系统的脆弱性。实际上，我认为每个人都有一个花园，那就是我们的内心世界。人的才智需要开发，内心世界也一样。人与动物之间的区别，除了众所周知的一些特征，还包括内心世界。心脏是一个重要的器官，然而，内心世界却是一道风景。它是由外部世界不断地作用于内心渐渐形成的。每个人都非常关心他们所爱的人以及他自己的心脏健康，以至于一场轻微的疾病都会引起巨大的焦虑。但并不是每个人都关心自己和爱人的内心世界。2. 翻译题Put the following two passages into Chinese.The Olympic Games can be traced back to the ancient times. The Greeks liked all kinds of sports, because sports made the body strong. The games were held every four years and hundreds of thousands of people gathered on vast flatlands to appreciate the competition between athletes from all parts of Greece. The events included running, wrestling, and horse races. There were events for both adults and children. In most of the games, adults and children wore little or no clothing. Instead, oil was spread over the body. The trophy was a laurel made of olive leaves. It was the greatest honor to be crowned with a laurel.Hard work enables me to survive the most difficult time in my life abroad, during my first few employments. However, after I joined my current company, my workaholic was soon challenged by my boss. When I called him at home after office hours for business purpose, he politely reminded me that he preferred talking about work with me later in the office. When the holiday season approached, he always asked me to schedule my leave beforehand. He talked with me about his holiday and also enquired about mine. For him leave is the right, but also a need.【答案】奥运会可以追溯到古代。希腊人喜欢运动，因为运动能让身体强壮。奥运会每四年一次，成千上万的人聚集在广阔的平地上来观看希腊各地运动员之间的比赛。比赛项目包括跑步、摔跤和赛马。成人和儿童的项目都有。在大部分比赛中，成人和儿童穿得很少或者不穿衣服，全身擦满油。奖杯是用橄榄叶做成的桂冠。被授予桂冠是最高的荣誉。在我最初的几次工作中，努力工作让我度过了在国外生活的最困难时期。然而，在我加入现在的公司后，我的工作狂行为受到了自己老板的挑战。每当我下班后跟他打电话谈论工作时，他礼貌地提醒我他更愿意在上班时间跟我讨论。临近假期时，他总是让我提前安排假期。他经常和我谈论他的假期，也打听我的假期。对于他来说，放假是一种权利，也是一种必要。3. 单选题Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience. In one study of 400 adults who had achieved distinction in all areas of life, researchers found that three-fifths of these individuals either did badly in school or were unhappy in school. Few MacArthur Prize fellows, winners of the MacArthur Award for creative accomplishment, had good things to say about their pre-collegiate schooling if they had not been placed in advanced programs. Anecdotal reports support this Pablo Picasso, Charles Darwin , Mark Twain, Oliver Goldsmith, and William Butler Yeats all disliked school. So did Winston Churchill, who almost failed out of Harrow, an elite British school. About Oliver Goldsmith, one of his teachers remarked, “Never was so dull a boy.” Often these children realize that they know more than their teachers, and their teachers often feel that these children are arrogant, inattentive, or unmotivated.Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way. But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest. Yeats described the lack of fit between his mind and school: “Because I had found it difficult to attend to anything less interesting than my own thoughts, I was difficult to teach,” As noted earlier, gifted children of all kinds tend to be strong-willed nonconformists. Nonconforinity and stubbornness are likely to lead to Conflicts with teachers.When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers. A writing prodigy studied by David Feldman and Lyun Goldsmith was taught far more about writing by his journalist father than his English teacher. High -IQ children, in Australia studied by Miraca Gross bad much more positive feelings about their families than their schools. About half of the mathematicians studied by Benjamin Bloom had little good to say about school. They all did well in school and took honors classes when available, and some skipped grades.1.The main point the author is making about schools is that（ ）.2.The author quotes the remarks of one of Oliver Goldsmiths teachers（ ）.3.Pablo Picasso is listed among the many gifted children who（ ）.4.Many gifted people attributed their success（ ）.5.The root cause of many gifted students having bad memories of their school years is that （ ）.问题1选项A.they should satisfy the needs of students from different family backgroundsB.they are often incapable of catering to the needs of talented studentsC.they should organize their classes according to the students abilityD.they should enroll as many gifted students as possible问题2选项A.to provide support for his argumentB.to illustrate the strong will of some gifted childrenC.to explain how dull students can also be successfulD.to show how poor Olivers performance was at school问题3选项A.paid no attention to their teachers in classB.contradicted their teachers much too oftenC.could not cope with their studies at school successfullyD.behaved arrogantly and stubbornly in the presence of their teachers问题4选项A.mainly to parental help and their education at homeB.both to school instruction and to their parents coachingC.more to their parents encouragement than to school trainingD.Less to their systematic education than to their talent问题5选项A.their nonconformity brought lliem a lot of troubleB.they were seldom praised by their teachersC.school courses failed to inspire or motivate themD.teacher were usually far stricter than their parents【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段第一句提到“如果有天赋的学生与学校互相不适应，也就不奇怪他们对读书经历没什么好感”（Given the lack of fit between gifted students and their schools, it is not surprising that such students often have little good to say about their school experience），选项B“它们经常满足不了有天赋的学生的要求”符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第一段提到如Oliver Goldsmith这类有天赋的学生不喜欢学校，接下来列举了他们的学校经历来作证，因此作者引用Oliver老师中的一位的话是为了给自己的论证提供事实支持，选项A符合题意。3.细节事实题。文章第二段第一句提到“这些具有天赋的学生中的一些人在学校可能因为天赋不在学业方面，因此表现很差，比如毕加索”（Some of these gifted people may have done poorly in school because their gifts were not scholastic. Maybe we can account for Picasso in this way），因此选项C“无法应对学校里的学习”符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句提到“当谈到能力培养的重要影响因素时，这些天赋极高的人谈论得更多的是他们的家庭而不是学校或者老师”（When highly gifted students in any domain talk about what was important to the development of their abilities, they are far more likely to mention their families than their schools or teachers），选项A“主要是父母在家里的教育”符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第二段第三句提到“但是大多数人在学校表现不好，并不是因为他们缺乏能力，而是因为他们觉得学校没有挑战性，因此失去了兴趣”（But most fared poorly in school not because they lacked ability but because they found school unchallenging and consequently lost interest），选项C“学校课程不能鼓励和激发他们的兴趣”符合题意。4. 单选题There are two methods of fighting, the one by law, the other by force; the first method is that of men, the second of beasts; but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second. It is, therefore, necessary for a prince to know well how to use both the beast and the man. This was covertly taught to rulers by ancient writers, who related how Achilles and many others of those ancient princes were given to Chiron the centaur to be brought up and educated under his discipline. The parable of this semi-animal, semi-human teacher is meant to indicate that a prince must know how to use both natures, and that the one without the other is not durable. A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves. Those that wish to be only lions do not understand this. Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest, and when the reasons which made him bind himself no longer exist, if men were all good, this precept would not be good; but as they are bad; and would not observe their faith with you, so you are not bound to keep faith with them. Nor have legitimate grounds ever failed a prince who wished to show colorable excuse for the nonfulfillment of his promise. Of this one could furnish an infinite number of examples, and show how many times peace has been broken, and how many promises rendered worthless, by the faithlessness of princes, and those that have best been able to imitate the fox have succeeded best. But it is necessary to be able to disguise this character well, and to be a great feigner and dissembler, and men are so simple and so ready to obey present necessities, that the one who deceives will always find those who allow themselves to be deceived.1.The author of the passage does not believe that（ ）.2.The lion represents those who are（ ）.3.The fox, in this passage, is（ ）.4.The writer suggests that a successful leader must（ ）.5.The writer would approve an unsuccessful political candidate（ ）.问题1选项A.people can protect themselvesB.the truth makes men freeC.leaders have to be consistentD.princes ate human问题2选项A.toil trustingB.strong and carefulC.reliant on forceD.lacking in intelligence问题3选项A.admired for his trickeryB.no match for the lionC.pitied for his trickD.considered worthless问题4选项A.be prudent and faithfulB.cheat and lieC.have principle to guide his actionsD.tell the people the truth about his opponent问题5选项A.gave up all his opportunitiesB.promised to try again next timeC.overthrew the government by forceD.told the people the truth about his opponent【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者不认为”。文章提到有两种方式来战斗，一是法律，即文斗，一是暴力，即武斗。并且用狐狸来比喻文斗，狮子比喻武斗，而一个成功的王子必须在这两种方法中自由切换，但是并没有提及到“吃人”，因此选项D“王子吃人”的说法是错误的，符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“狮子代表的是哪类人”。文章提到“王子应该学会像野兽一样管理国家，要模仿狐狸和狮子，因为狮子无法避免陷阱，而狐狸无法从狼群中脱身”（A prince, being thus obliged to know well how to act as a beast, must imitate the fox, and the lion, for the lion cannot protect himself from traps; and the fox cannot defend himself from wolves），狮子代表的是力量，即武斗，因此选项C“依赖武力”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“文章中狐狸是”。文章提到管理者必须要学会文斗与武斗，狐狸代表的是文斗，可知作者对狐狸是赞赏的，因此选项A“因它的计谋而受到赞赏”符合题意。4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者暗示一个成功的统治者应该”。文章提到“当守诚信会让自己的利益受损时，精明的统治者可以不讲诚信”（Therefore, a prudent ruler ought not to keep faith when by doing so it would be against his interest），因此选项B“欺骗与撒谎”符合题意。5.判断推理题。题目问的是“作者会赞成一个失败的政治候选人”。文章提到“当文斗行不通的时候，人们会选择第二种方式，即武斗”（but as the first method is often insufficient, one must have recourse to the second），选项C“用武力推翻政府”符合题意。5. 单选题If you want to teach your children how to say sorry, you must be good at saying it yourself, especially to your own children. But how you say it can be quite tricky.If you say to your children “Im sorry I got angry with you, but.what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective: “I had a bad day” or “your noise was giving me a headache” leaves the person who has been injured felling that he should be apologizing for his bad behavior in expecting an apology.Another method by which people appear to apologize without actually doing so is to say “Im sorry youre upset”; this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done.Then there is the general, all covering apology, which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again. Saying “Im useless as a parent” does not commit a person to any specific improvement.These pseudo-apologies are used by people who believe saying sorry shows weakness. Parents who wish to teach their children to apologize should see it as a sign of strength, and therefore not resort to these pseudo-apologies.But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry. A three-year-old might need help in understanding that other children feel pain just as he does, and that hitting a playmate over the head with a heavy toy requires an apology. A six-year-old might need reminding that spoiling other childrens expectations can require an apology. A 12-year-old might need to be shown that raiding the biscuit tin without asking permission is acceptable, but that borrowing a parents clothes without permission is not.1.If a mother adds “but” to an apology（ ）.2.According to the author, saying “Im sorry youre upset” mostly probably means（ ）.3.It is not advisable to use the general, all-covering apology because（ ）.4.We learn from the last paragraph that in teaching children to say sorry（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that apologizing properly is （ ）.问题1选项A.she doesnt feel that she should have apologizedB.she does not realize that the child has been hurtC.the child may find the apology easier to acceptD.the child may feel that he owes her an apology问题2选项A.You have good reason to get upsetB.Im aware youre upset, but Im not to blameC.1 apologize for hurting your feelingsD.Im at fault for making you upset问题3选项A.it gets one into the habit of making empty promisesB.it may make the other person feel guiltyC.it is vague and ineffectiveD.it is hurtful and insulting问题4选项A.the complexities involved should be ignoredB.their ages should be taken into accountC.parents need to set them a good exampleD.parents should be patient and tolerant问题5选项A.a social issue calling for immediate attention.B.not necessary among family membersC.a sign of social progressD.not as simple as it seem【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“如果一个母亲在道歉后加一个但是”。文章第二段提到“但是后面的内容可以让该道歉变得无效”（what follows that “but” can render the apology ineffective），选项D“小孩可能会觉得自己还欠母亲一个道歉”符合题意。2.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者看来，很抱歉让你烦恼了意味着”。文章第三段提到“这表明你在某种程度上是错误的，让你自己因为他人的所作所为感到烦恼”（this suggests that you are somehow at fault for allowing yourself to get upset by what the other person has done），选项B“我意识到你心烦了，但这不是我的错”符合题意。3.细节事实题。题目问的是“不建议使用笼统的、涵盖一切的道歉是因为”。文章第四段对“笼统道歉”的解释是避免需要去提及特别令人受伤或者受辱的具体行为，道歉的人应该承诺不会再犯（which avoids the necessity of identifying a specific act that was particularly hurtful or insulting, and which the person who is apologizing should promise never to do again），这种道歉并不会起作用，比如“我是一个无用的家长”，并不会让一个人去具体改进，因此这种含糊其辞的道歉是不可取的，选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。题目问的是“从最后一段教小孩子道歉可知”。文章最后一段提到“但是即使孩子看到了真诚悔过的例子，他们仍然需要帮助去认识到道歉的复杂性”（But even when presented with examples of genuine contrition, children still need help to become aware of the complexities of saying sorry），随后举了不同年龄阶段的孩子应该怎样教授道歉，由此可以推断在教小孩子道歉时，年龄是需要考虑的因素，选项B符合题意。5.推理判断题。题目问的是“从文章中可知，适当的道歉”。文章提到了道歉需要技巧；道歉并没有那么简单，在教授孩子道歉时要考虑其年龄等，说明道歉并没有看上去那么容易，选项D符合题意。6. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.两年的研究表明，上网次数多的人与较少的人相比，即使是一周仅上网几小时也会经常地感觉到沮丧和孤独。这不是说己经有不良感觉的人在网上花费了更多的时间而是说使用英特网似乎确实诱发了人们的不良感觉。研究人员对这些结果困惑不解，因为这与他们的预料截然相反。他们顶测，与电视相比，从社会角度来说，上网可能更健康一些，因为网络允许使用者选择自己想要的信息和别人交流。历史记载人类进入文明社会以来的思想和行为-不管是发生在昨天，还是去年，也不管是发生在一百年前，还是甚至在一千年前。由于人不是孤单地生存的， 所以历史必然要涉及社会群体，尤其是国家和民族。正如传记描写个人的一生，历史记述人类社会的兴起、发展和袞亡。历史已经成为对某个民族的整个文化的记载， 因此历史学家需要了解这个民族的衣食住行，了解他们的社会分工、学术流派、宗教迷信和娱乐庆典。【答案】The two-year study indicated that, compared with people who logged on the Internet less frequently, the people who logged on more also often suffered pressure and loneliness even in case of spending just a few hours a week on the Internet. This is about the usage of the Internet actually appeared to cause the people to have bad feelings rather than more time spent by who had already bad feelings. The researchers were puzzled by the results, which were contrary to their expectations. They concluded that the Internet may be socially healthier than television, because it allows users to choose what information they want to communicate with othersHistory records all thoughts and actions of man from the beginning of civilized societyno matter such thoughts and actions happened yesterday or last year or a hundred or a thousand years ago. Since man does not live alone, history must involve social groups, especially states and nations. Just as biography describes individual life, history relates the rise, progress and decline of human societies. History becomes an account of the entire culture of people, so historians need to their basic necessities, their social division of labour, academic schools, religious superstitions and entertainment celebrations.7. 翻译题Put the following two passages into English.大自然对人的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。尤其在乡间，上千年以来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒，喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和歌唱;往日的田园依旧是今日的温馨家园。这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。战士是永远追求光明的。他并不躺在暗夜下享受阳光，却在暗夜里燃起火炬， 给人们照亮道路，使他们走向黎明。驱散黑暗，这是战士的任务。他并不躲避黑暗， 却要而对黑暗，跟躲藏在明影里的魑魅魍魉搏斗。他要消灭它们而取得光明。战士是不知道妥协的。他得不到光明便不会停止战斗。【答案】The bounty of nature is equal to everyone, rich or poor. Therefore, all human beings are strongly dependent on it. Especially in the countryside, people have been living in the same way for thousands of years, growing crops and grapes, brewing and drinking wines, raising and milking cows, weeding and planting flower, going to church for preying on weekends, playing musical instruments, dancing and singing on squares at holiday. The past countryside is still their warm homes. Each place boasts its folklore and thereby social customs go down.A fighter is always in pursuit of light. Instead enjoying the sunshine, he lit a torch in the dark to light the way for the people and lead them to the dawn. It is the task of a warrior to dispel darkness. He did not shun the darkness, but fought against it, and against the hidden demons and monsters in its shadows. He will destroy them and gain light. A soldier never compromise. He wont stop fighting until gets light.8. 单选题Massive changes in all of the worlds deeply cherished spoiling habits are under way. Whether its