2022-2023年考博英语-通用考博英语模拟考试题（含答案解析）第6期

2022-2023年考博英语-通用考博英语模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very （ ） for the nineteenth-century factory workers.问题1选项A.hostileB.anxiousC.tediousD.obscure【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。hostile敌对的;anxious焦虑的;tedious单调乏味的, 沉闷的;obscure模糊的, 隐蔽的。句意：对于19世纪的工厂工人来说, 一周工作80个小时, 几乎没有什么乐趣, 生活一定很乏味。选项C更符合句意。2. 单选题Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Deterioration in the quality of new music.B.Insights into the features of good music.C.Older peoples changing musical tastes.D.Older peoples aversion to new music.问题2选项A.They no longer listen to new music.B.They find all music sounds the same.C.They can make subtle distinctions about music.D.They seldom listen to songs released in their teens.问题3选项A.The more you are exposed to something, the more familiar itll be to you.B.The more you are exposed to something, the deeper youll understand it.C.The more you experience something, the longer youll remember it.D.The more you experience something, the better youll appreciate it.问题4选项A.Teenagers memories are more lasting.B.Teenagers emotions are more intense.C.Teenagers are much more sensitive.D.Teenagers are much more sentimental.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B【解析】Recording Three22 Why do old people dislike new music? As Ive grown older, I often hear people my age say things like they just dont make good music like they used to. Why does this happen? Luckily, psychology can give us some insights into this puzzle. Musical tastes begin to crystallize as early as age 13 or 14. By the time were in our early 20s, these tastes get locked into place pretty firmly.23 In fact, studies have found that by the time we turn 33, most of us have stopped listening to new music. Meanwhile, popular songs released when youre in your early teens are likely to remain quite popular among your age group for the rest of your life.There could be a biological explanation for this, as theres evidence that the brains ability to make subtle distinctions between different chords, rhythms, and melodies deteriorates with age. So to older people, newer, less familiar songs might all “sound the same”.22 But therere maybe some simpler reasons for older peoples aversion to newer music. 24 One of the most researched laws of social psychology is something called the “mere exposure effect”, which in essence means that the more were exposed to something, the more we tend to like it.This happens with people we know, the advertisements we see, and the songs we listen to.When youre in your early teens, you probably spend a fair amount of time listening to music or watching music videos. Your favorite songs and artists become familiar, comforting parts of your routine. For many people over 30, job and family obligations increase, so theres less time to spend discovering new music. Instead, many will simply listen to old, familiar favorites from that period of their lives when they had more free time.Of course, those teen years werent necessarily carefree. Theyre famously confusing, which is why so many TV shows and movies revolve around the high school turmoil.25 Psychology research has shown that the emotions that we experience as teens seem more intense than those that come later. And we also know that intense emotions are associated with stronger memories and preferences. Both of these might explain why the songs we listen to during this period become so memorable and beloved.So theres nothing wrong with your parents because they dont like your music. Rather, its all part of the natural order of things.22. What does the speaker mainly discuss in this talk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者在这次演讲中主要讨论了什么？录音开头就提出为什么老年人不喜欢新音乐的问题，后来提到也许还有一些更简单的原因导致老年人对新音乐的反感。因此D选项“老年人对新音乐的反感”正确。A选项“新音乐质量的下降”、B选项“对好音乐特点的洞察”以及C选项“老年人不断变化的音乐品味”均不是这次演讲讨论的主要内容，因此排除。23. What have studies found about most people by the time they turned 33?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于大多数到了33岁的人，研究发现了什么？录音提到，研究发现，在我们到了33岁的时候，我们中的大多数人已经不再听新音乐了。A选项中的no longer是原文stopped的同义转述，因此A选项“他们不再听新音乐”正确。B选项“他们觉得所有音乐都一样”表述过于绝对，原文中说的是上了年纪的人觉得较新的、较不熟悉的音乐听上去都一样，并不是所有的音乐，因此B选项排除；C选项“他们能对音乐进行细微的区分”，与原文表述恰好相反，录音提到的是随着年龄的增长，大脑对不同和弦、节奏和旋律进行微妙区分的能力会退化，因此C选项错误；D选项“他们很少听十几岁时发行的歌曲”表述错误，录音中提及，在你十几岁的时候发布的流行歌曲，很可能在你的余生中，在你的同龄人中仍然非常受欢迎，因此D选项也可排除。24. What do we learn from one of the most researched laws of social psychology?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问从社会心理学中被研究得最多的一个规律中，我们能学到什么？录音中提及，社会心理学研究最多的定律之一是“纯粹接触效应”的东西，从本质上说，这意味着我们越接触某样东西，我们越倾向于喜欢它。D选项“你对某事物感受得越多，你就越喜欢它”是对录音原文的同义转述，因此正确。A选项“你接触某事物越多，你对它就越熟悉”；B选项“你接触某事物越多，你就会对它理解得越深刻”以及C选项“你对某事物感受得越多，你记住它的时间就越长”均不正确。25. What might explain the fact that songs people listen to in their teen years are memorable and beloved?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问人们在青少年时期所听的歌曲都是他们难忘的、喜爱的，这可能是什么原因？录音提到，心理学研究表明，我们在青少年时期所经历的情绪似乎比后来的情绪更加强烈。而且我们还知道，强烈的情绪与更强的记忆和喜好有关。这两点或许可以解释为什么我们在这一时期听的歌曲会变得如此令人难忘和深受喜爱。因此B选项“青少年的情绪更强烈”正确。A选项“青少年的记忆更持久”；C选项“青少年更敏感”和D选项“青少年更多愁善感”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。3. 单选题The （ ） from the airport was really tiring because it was situated far from the city.问题1选项A.flightB.travelC.crossingD.journey【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。选项A：flight意为“飞行，航班”；选项B：travel“旅行，旅游”（泛指）；选项C：crossing意为“横越，横渡”；选项D：journey“（侧重指时间较长、距离较远的单程旅行）行程，路程”。由题意可知，本题的正确选项为D选项。句意：从机场回来的路真的很累人，因为它离城市很远。4. 单选题To say that his resignation was a shock would be an（ ） it caused panic.问题1选项A.excuseB.indulgenceC.exaggerationD.understatement【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。excuse “借口”；indulgence “放纵”；exaggeration “夸张”；understatement “不充分的陈述”。句意： “他的请辞让人震惊”这个说法算是轻描淡写，实际上引起了恐慌。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Since the 1980s, increasingly （ ）tools have made it possible to produce, market, and distribute motion pictures digitally.问题1选项A.predictableB.disguisedC.ornamentalD.sophisticated【答案】D【解析】考察形容词辨析。predictable 可预测的； disguised伪装的； ornamental 装饰的；sophisticated 高级的，复杂的。句意：20世纪80年代以来，越来越高级的工具使得电影以数字化形式制作、营销和推广成为可能。选项D符合句意。6. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.A cool office will boost employees productivity.B.A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable.C.Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office.D.Office air-conditioning should follow guidebooks.问题2选项A.People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their productivity.B.Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers.C.There is a range of temperatures for people to feel comfortable.D.People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortable temperatures.问题3选项A.It will sharply decrease work efficiency.B.It will be immediately noticeable.C.It will have no negative impact on work.D.It will cause a lot of discomfort.问题4选项A.They are not bothered by temperature extremes.B.They suffer from rapid temperature changes.C.They become less sensitive to high temperatures.D.They tend to favor lower temperatures.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】Passage TwoSetting the office air-conditioning at about 22 degrees Celsius has become standard practice across the world. 12 Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees. Many people indeed find relief from soaring summer temperatures in air-conditioned offices, but recent studies have challenged the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive. The reality is more complex. Researchers conducted a review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity. They found that 22 degrees was probably a little chilly, even at the height of summer. 13 For a person dressed in typical summer clothing, an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees. And people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this “comfort zone” as long as they can adjust their clothing and expectations. In fact, even on very hot days, it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up. People often chase just one “optimum” temperature, and this is understandable when people feel hot. 14 But there is a range of at least three to four degrees which does not have any adverse impact. Another issue related to this is that people can become psychologically dependent on air-conditioning. 15 If they are used to the environment which is air-conditioned, they tend to prefer lower temperatures. But the studies found that almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature. It was only at the “extreme” ends of the temperature range where peoples productivity suffered. This range was above 26 degrees and below 19 degrees.12. What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于办公室环境，人们普遍接受的观念是什么？录音开头讲到办公室的空调温度调到22度左右已成为全球性的标准做法，并且许多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南都声称办公室温度峰值达到22度时，人们的工作效率最高。由此可知，人们普遍认为“凉爽的办公环境能提高员工的工作效率”，因此A选项正确。B选项“自然通风的办公室更舒适”和C选项“空调改善办公室的通风”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“人们认为办公室的空调温度设定应遵循指南”，录音只是提及很多指南声称温度调至22度时，员工工作效率最高，并没有说一定要遵循指南，因此D选项不正确。13. What did researchers find from their review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问研究人员在回顾了所有与空调和生产力有关的研究之后发现了什么？研究人员发现22度的温度即便是在盛夏也很可能让人感觉有点冷，对穿着正常夏装的人来说，最适宜的温度范围是23度到26度。C选项“人们感到舒适的温度有一个范围”是对这些信息的概括，因此正确。A选项“处于温度舒适区的人们对自己的工作效率更满意”，录音中并没有提及人们对工作效率是否满意，因此排除；B选项“对办公室工作人员来说，22度是最适宜的温度”是很多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南的观点，不是研究人员新发现的结果，因此排除；D选项“不同国家的人对不舒服的温度的耐受力不同”在录音中没有信息提及。14. What do we learn about using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于在大热天少用点空调，我们了解到什么？录音在提到夏天最适宜的室温是23度至26度后，接着说即使超出这个温度舒适区，人们也受得了。后面还提到，人们通常只追求一个“最适宜的”温度，但在三到四度的温度浮动范围内，不会产生任何负面影响。因此，C选项“对工作没有负面影响”符合录音表述。A选项“这会大大降低工作效率”和D选项“这会引起很多不适”恰好与录音内容相反；B选项“这会立即被注意到”在录音中并没有信息提及，因此可排除。15. What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问当人们习惯了空调环境时会发生什么？录音结尾处提到，人们会在心理上对空调产生依赖，如果他们习惯了有空调的环境，他们往往会喜欢更低的温度（they tend to prefer lower temperatures）。D选项是对原文信息的复现，因此正确。A选项“他们不受极端温度的影响”与录音表述恰好相反；B选项“他们会因温度的快速变化而受到不好的影响”和C选项“他们对高温变得不那么敏感”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。7. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It has started to expand business outside the UK.B.It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.C.It has turned certain insects into a new food source.D.It has joined hands with Sainsburys to sell pet insects.问题2选项A.It made him feel strange. C. It hurt his throat slightly.B.C. It hurt his throat slightly. B.C.It hurt his throat slightly. B. It was really unforgettable.D.It was a pleasant surprise.问题3选项A.They contain more protein than conventional meats.B.They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.C.They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.D.They are more nutritious than soups and salads.问题4选项A.It is a promising industry.B.It requires new technology.C.It is environmentally friendly.D.It saves huge amounts of labour.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Passage Two12 Eat Grub is Britains first new food company that breaks western food boundaries by introducing edible insects as a new source of food. And Sainsburys is the first UK supermarket to stock the company crunchy roasted crickets.Sainsburys insists that such food is no joke and could be a new, sustainable source of protein. Out of curiosity, I paid a visit to Sainsburys. As I put my hand into a packet of crickets with their tiny eyes and legs, the idea of one going in my mouth made me feel a little sick. 13 But the first bite was a pleasant surprise. A little dry and lacking of taste, but at least a wing didnt get stuck in my throat. The roasted seasoning largely overpowered any other flavour although there was slightly bitter aftertaste. The texture was crunchy, but smelt a little of cat food. Eat Grub also recommends the crickets as a topping for noodles, soups and salads.14 The company boasts that its dried crickets contain more protein than beef, chicken and pork, as well as minerals like iron and calcium. Unlike the production of meat, bugs do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed, and 15 insect farming also produces far fewer greenhouse gases. However, despite two billion people worldwide already supplementing their diet with insects, “consumer disgust” remains a large barrier in many western countries. Im not sure bugs will become a popular snack anytime soon, but theyre definitely food for thought.12. What do we learn from the passage about the food company Eat Grub?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问我们从这篇关于食品公司Eat Grub的文章中能得知什么？录音开头提到，Eat Grub引入食用昆虫作为新的食物来源，打破了西方食品的界限，由此可知C选项“它把某些昆虫变成了一种新的食物来源”正确。A选项“它已经开始扩展英国以外的业务”和B选项“从国外进口了一些异国食品”在录音中没有信息提及。D选项“它与Sainsburys联手出售宠物昆虫”主要是利用录音的Sainsburys设干扰，录音只是提到Sainsburys是英国第一家上货Eat Grub脆烤蟋蟀的超市，没有说它与Eat Grub联手，也未说到宠物昆虫，因此D选项不正确。13. What does the speaker say about his first bite a roasted crickets?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者对于他第一次咬烤蟋蟀说了什么？录音提到，第一口吃起来很惊喜，因此D选项“这是一个惊喜”符合录音原文。A选项“这让他觉得很奇怪”利用录音中的made me feel设干扰，录音中说的是一想到有只蟋蟀会进到嘴里，就觉得有点恶心，而不是奇怪，因此A选项不正确；B选项“真的很难忘”在录音中没有提及；C选项“他的喉咙有点痛”利用录音中的throat设干扰，录音中说的是至少蟋蟀的翼没卡在说话人的喉咙里，并没有提到喉咙痛，因此不正确。14. What does Eat Grub say about its dried crickets?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问的是对于蟋蟀干，Eat Grub怎么说？录音提到，该公司夸口说他们的蟋蟀干比牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉含有更多的蛋白质。牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉都属于传统肉类，因此A选项“它们比传统肉类含有更多的蛋白质”正确。B选项“它们很快就会在全世界流行起来”和C选项“它们比牛肉、鸡肉或猪肉好吃”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们比汤和沙拉更有营养”，利用录音中的soups and salads设干扰，录音只是说Eat Grub还推荐蟋蟀作为面条、汤和沙拉的配料，并未指出哪个更有营养，因此D选项不正确。15. What does the passage say about insect farming?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于昆虫养殖，这篇文章的说法是什么？录音提到，昆虫养殖产生的温室气体少很多，由此可推断，昆虫养殖很环保，因此C选项“环保”正确。A选项“这是一个很有前途的行业”，录音结尾提到，尽管全世界有20亿人把昆虫作为补充的食物，但在很多西方国家，目前还有很大的阻碍。之后还提到，不确定虫子是否会成为一种受欢迎的零食，由此可推断昆虫养殖的前景并不是很乐观，因此A选项不正确；B选项“需要新技术”和D选项“节省大量劳动力”在录音中没有信息提及。8. 单选题I failed in my new job. If only I （ ）my parents.问题1选项A.listened toB.had listened toC.have listened toD.would listen to【答案】B【解析】虚拟语气语法知识。If 引导的虚拟条件句，对过去事情的虚拟用“had done”。选项B符合题意。9. 单选题（ ） people who find meaning in their work are generallyproductive, supportive coworkers and promote workplace harmony.问题1选项A.Self-importantB.Self-declaredC.Self-consciousD.Self-motivated【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。self-important “妄自尊大的，高傲的”；self-declared “自命的，自称的”；self-conscious “自觉的，自发的”；self-motivated “自我激励的，有上进心的”。句意：有上进心的人往往能在工作中找到意义，他们通常富有创造力，乐于帮助同事，营造和谐的工作氛围。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Their obsession with consumption.B.Their failure to accumulate wealth.C.The ever-increasing costs of housing.D.The deterioration of the environment.问题2选项A.Things that are rare to find.B.Things that cost less money.C.Things that boost efficiency.D.Things that we cherish most.问题3选项A.They serve multiple purposes.B.They benefit the environment.C.They are mostly durable.D.They are easily disposable.【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:A【解析】Recording OneDid you know that Americans have approximately three times the amount of space we have fifty years ago? Therefore, youd think wed have sufficient room for all of our possessions. On the contrary, the personal storage business is now a growing industry. Weve got triple the space, but 16 weve become such enthusiastic consumers that we require even more. This phenomenon has resulted in significant credit card debt, enormous environmental footprints, and perhaps not coincidentally, our happiness levels have failed to increase over the same half century.Im here to suggest an alternativethat having less might actually be a preferable decision. Many of us have experienced, at some stage, the pleasure of possessing less. I propose that less stuff and less space can not only help you economize, but also simplify your life. I recently started an innovative project to discover some creative solutions that offered me everything I required. By purchasing an apartment that was 40 square meters instead of 60, I immediately saved $200,000. Smaller space leads to reduced utility bills and also a smaller carbon footprint because its designed around an edited collection of possessions, limited to my favorite stuff. Im really excited to live there.How can we live more basically? Firstly, we must ruthlessly cut the unnecessary objects out of our lives. To stem consumption, we should think before we buy, and ask ourselves, “will it truly make me happier?” Obviously, we should possess some great stuff, 17 but we want belongings that were going to love for years. Secondly, we require space efficiency. We want appliances that are designed for use most of the time, not for occasional use. Why own a six-burner stove when you rarely use even three burners? Finally, 18 we need multifunctional spaces and housewares. I combined a movable wall with transforming furniture to get more out of my limited space. Consider my coffee table. It increases in size to accommodate ten. My office is tugged away, easily hidden. My bed simply pops out the wall. For gas, I can relocate the movable wall and utilize the foldable guest beds I installed.Im not saying, we should all live in tinier apartments, but consider the benefits of an edited life. When you return home and walk through your front door, take a moment to ask yourselves, “could I do with a little life editing? Will that give me more freedom and more time?”16. What has prevented Americans happiness levels from increasing?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问是什么阻碍了美国人幸福水平的提高？录音提到，这一现象导致了大量的信用卡债务而且也许并非巧合的是，我们的幸福水平在过去的半个世纪里并没有提高。这一现象即上一句提到的：我们已经成为如此热情的消费者。A选项“他们（美国人）对消费的痴迷”是对原文weve become such enthusiastic consumers的同义转述，因此正确。B选项“他们没有积累财富”和C项“日益增长的住房成本”在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“环境的恶化”，利用environment设置干扰，录音原文所说的是大量环境足迹而不是环境恶化，因此D选项不正确。17. What things should we possess according to the speaker?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问根据说话者的说法，我们应该拥有哪些东西？录音中说话者提到：显然，我们应该拥有一些很棒的东西，但我们想要的是能让我们喜欢多年的东西。因此D选项“我们最珍惜的东西”正确。A选项“很难找到的东西”和B选项“花费较少的东西”在录音中并未提及；C选项“能提高效率的东西”，利用录音中的efficiency设置干扰，录音中只是提到我们需要空间效率，选项与原文表述不符，因此排除。18. What do we learn about the items in the speakers home?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问我们从说话者家里的物品中了解到什么？录音中提到说话人认为我们需要更多的空间以及多功能的家庭用品，接着讲述了自己家里的物品，他把活动墙和改造家具结合起来，让有限的空间得到更多的利用，由此可知，作者家中的物品有多种用途，因此A选项正确。B选项“它们对环境有益”；C选项“它们大多是耐用的”；D选项“它们很容易被丢弃”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。11. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.It ignored the fact that emotions are personal and subjective.B.It overlooked the possibility that emotions may be controlled.C.It measured positive and negative emotions independently.D.It classified emotions simply as either positive or negative.问题2选项A.Sitting alone without doing anything seemed really distressing.B.Solitude had a reductive effect on high-arousal emotions.C.Sitting alone for 15 minutes made the participants restless.D.Solitude adversely affected the participants mental well-being.问题3选项A.It tended to intensify negative emotions.B.It proved hard to depict objectively.C.It went hand in hand with sadness.D.It helped increase low-arousal emotions.【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:D【解析】Recording OnePsychology research has tended to portray solitude as a negative experience. Studies conducted in the 1970s and 1990s suggested that people felt less happy when alone, as compared to being with others. However, a new paper shows an alternative view of solitude, one in which solitude can be positive.Lets start by looking at the earlier research. It had a couple of shortcomings. First, it measured emotion on a scale from positive to negative, overlooking the possibility that the positive and negative emotions can fluctuate independently. 16 Also, it categorized emotions as simply positive or negative. It didnt consider that emotions aroused