2022-2023年考博英语-安徽大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第11期

2022-2023年考博英语-安徽大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Tidal action is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place and at any one time. The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone. When the attraction is great, the tide is high; and conversely when the attraction is minimal, the tide is low. Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide, and during its fall an ebb tide.The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater. When the moon and the sun are horizontal, the highest high tide occurs and when they are vertical the lowest low tide takes place.The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide. Thus these factors affect each other, either distracting or adding to the attractive forces to add or subtract from the height of the tide. But the tides still move inexorably on, rising twice a day, getting little later each day and posing a problem of correctly predicting their heights and lows.46. The principal ideas of the article concerns（ ）.47. Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned as affecting the tide?48. It can be concluded from the article that the attraction of the sun is（ ）.49. If the first high tide takes place at 1:00 a. m. the next high tide will probably take place at（ ）.50. According to the article, it is clear that the role of the moon（ ）.问题1选项A.the attraction of the sun and the moonB.tidal wavesC.the sun, the moon and the windD.features which affect the tide问题2选项A.The sunB.The moonC.The windsD.The depth of the ocean问题3选项A.less than half that of the moonB.more than half that of the moonC.more than that of the moonD.less than twice that of the moon问题4选项A.7:20 a.m.B.8:00 a. m.C.1:45 p. m.D.high noon问题5选项A.is not as important as that of the windB.is less than that of the sunC.causes the alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seasD.has little influence on the tide【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】46. 主旨大意题。根据本文的第一句Tidal action is a very complicated phenomenon involving many factors all of which must be considered to predict tide in any one place and at any one time.（潮汐运动是一个非常复杂的现象，涉及了很多必须考虑的因素，来预测在任何地方和任何时间发生的潮汐运动。）接着详细介绍了产生潮汐的主要因素。A选项“太阳和月亮的引力”；B选项“潮汐波”；C选项“太阳、月亮、风”，ABC选项只是文中讲到的一些片面信息，不能作为整体概述。D选项“引起潮汐的特征”正确，本文主要列举了引起潮汐的一些因素。故选D。47. 客观细节题。影响潮汐的因素可以看到第一段的第二句The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）第二段第一句The sun also exerts its effect on the tide.（太阳也会对潮汐有影响。）第三段第一句The wind also plays an important part in the modification of the normal rise and fall of the tide.（风也在影响潮汐正常上升和下降的过程中起着重要的作用。）唯独D选项“海洋的深度”并未有提及，故选D。48. 推理判断题。定位在第二段第一句The sun also exerts its effect on the tide, being a little less than half as much as the moon, although its mass is so much greater.（太阳对潮汐也发挥了作用，虽然它的体积狠大，但是，它的作用还不及月亮作用的一半。）由此可知，太阳对潮汐的影响比月亮的少了一半。由此可知A选项“不及月球的一半”正确。即可排除B选项“超过月亮的一半”和C选项“比月球还要多”，D选项“比月球的影响少两倍”错误。故选A。49. 推理判断题。定位在第一段的最后一句Between the high tide and the low tide is a period of a little over six hours, being called during its rise a flood tide, and during its fall an ebb tide.（高潮和低潮之间的时间差超过六小时，上升时被称之为涨潮，下降时被称之为退潮。）题目中第一次的高潮发生在上午1点，那么接下来会有超过6个小时的低潮期，下次高潮的时间就还需要再加上6个小时。由此推理，时间要超过12个小时。同理可排除ABD选项。故选C。50. 客观细节题。定位在第一段的第二句The alternate rise and fall of the surface of the seas and the ocean is mainly caused by the attractive force of the moon alone.（海洋表面的交替上升和下降主要是由月球的吸引力引起的。）A选项“不像风那么重要”，B选项“比太阳的影响小”，D选项“对潮汐的影响很小”均表述有误。选项C“导致海平面交替上升和下降”正确。故选C。2. 单选题School children ought to be（ ）to their parents and teachers.问题1选项A.alienB.transientC.obedientD.current【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项alien“外国的；相异的”；B选项transient“短暂的；路过的”；C选项obedient“服从的；孝顺的”；D选项current“现在的；最近的”。句意：学龄儿童应该父母和老师。句中主语是School children，由关键信息to their parents and teachers“对其父母和老师”要服从。因此C选项符合题意。3. 单选题Diana could hardly believe her eyes when she saw in the mirror how pretty she was in that（ ）dress.问题1选项A.deliberateB.tentativeC.ingeniousD.exquisite【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项deliberate“故意的”；B选项tentative“试验性的，暂定的”；C选项ingenious“新颖的，灵巧的”。D选项exquisite“精致的”。句意：当在镜子里看到她穿着那件的裙子是多么的漂亮时，戴安娜不敢相信自己的眼睛。空格后dress“裙子”为名词，因此需要填入一个形容词进行修饰。根据后面的提示how pretty she was“她是多么的漂亮”，由此可知她穿了一条精美的裙子。因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent misconceptions.（46）the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is（47）by your ability to solve complex problems, to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of（48）asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self fulfillment. It（49）a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have（50）to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline, is “intelligent”.（51）mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day an each present moment of every day.If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem（52）is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or（53）a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness,（54）you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon（55）the big N.B.D.Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent” people do not have N. B. D.s because they are in（56）of themselves. They know how to choose happiness（57）depression, because they know how to deal with the problems of（58）lives.You can begin to think of yourself（59）truly intelligent on the basis of（60）you choose to feel（61）the face of difficult circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has（62）difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of（63）it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which（64）problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make（65）to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while other collapse or have an N. B. D. Those who recognized problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also the most rare.问题1选项A.AtB.OnC.UnderD.Over问题2选项A.measuredB.meantC.machinedD.molded问题3选项A.notionB.disabilityC.intelligenceD.misconception问题4选项A.experiencesB.encouragesC.encountersD.exploits问题5选项A.comeB.graduallyC.beenD.being问题6选项A.HenceB.ThereforeC.ThusD.Yet问题7选项A.findingB.trackingC.solvingD.killing问题8选项A.forB.withC.toD.at问题9选项A.thenB.butC.sinceD.as问题10选项A.oppositeB.againstC.towardD.across问题11选项A.powerB.placeC.chargeD.danger问题12选项A.againstB.fromC.underD.over问题13选项A.theirB.ourC.itsD.his问题14选项A.forB.atC.whenD.as问题15选项A.howB.whyC.whenD.where问题16选项A.upB.inC.toD.against问题17选项A.sameB.obviousC.varyingD.similar问题18选项A.whatB.howC.whenD.which问题19选项A.proposeB.presentC.prosecuteD.proceed问题20选项A.themB.thatC.theirD.it【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A第6题:D第7题:C第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:D第13题:A第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:D第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】46. 考查固定搭配。A选项At“在”；B选项On“在上”；C选项Under“在之下；Over“越过；在之上”。句意：排在首列的是这样一种观念。固定搭配At the top of the list“在列表的顶部”。On the top of一般是用来说明在某物的上部。句中的主语不是一个具体的事物，可排除。Under与top词义相反，不可搭配使用。Over the top of一般是指悬空在上方，可排除。因此A选项符合题意。47. 考查动词辨析。A选项measured“测量”；B选项meant“意味着”；C选项machined“机器加工”；D选项molded“用模子塑造”。句意：排在首位的是这样一种观念：智力是由你解决复杂问题的能力来的。而且根据后面的介词by，可知空格内填入measured最为恰当。短语be measured by“由来衡量”。因此A选项符合题意。48.考查名词辨析。A选项notion“概念；见解”；B选项disability“无能；无资格”；C选项intelligence“智力；才智”；D选项misconception“误解”。句意：这种观认为正规教育和优秀的书卷气是衡量自我实现的真正标准。根据指示代词this指代上一句的the notion，由the notion后面的that引导的同位语从句内容可知谈论的是关于intelligence的看法。因此C选项符合题意。49. 考查动词辨析。A选项experiences“经历”；B选项encourages“鼓励；激励”；C选项encounters“遭遇”；D选项exploits“开发；剥削”。句意：它了一种智力偏见，并带来了一些令人沮丧的结果。由后面说到的带来了一些令人沮丧的结果可知，一定是智力偏见加剧后从而得到的结果。encourage也有“助长”的意义，因此B选项符合题意。50. 考查固定搭配。A选项come“来”；B选项gradually“逐渐地”；C选项been“是；有”，be的过去分词；D选项being“是；有”，be的现在分词。句意：我们相信。固定搭配have come to do“已经开始”，因此A选项符合题意。51. 考查语义逻辑。A选项Hence“因此”；B选项Therefore“因此”；C选项Thus“因此”；D选项Yet“然而；但是”。前一句说的是我们开始相信，那些获得更多教育奖章、擅长某种形式的学校纪律的人是“聪明的”。空格后的内容是精神病院的病人都拥有所有正确的证书。两个句子存在一种转折，得了很多证书拿了奖项的人是聪明的，然而精神病院的病人也大多收获了很多证书。因此D选项符合题意。52. 考查动词辨析。A选项finding“发现”；B选项tracking“追踪；跟踪”；C选项solving“解决”；D选项killing“杀死”。句意：问题对你的幸福是有帮助的。可以与problem“问题”搭配的是发现问题，或者是解决问题。根据后一句的关键词resolve“解决”可知，这里是在说解决问题对幸福是有帮助的。因此C选项符合题意。53. 考查固定搭配。A选项for“为了；对”；B选项with“和；具有”；C选项to“朝；位于”；D选项at“在；以”。句意：或者拒绝选择不快乐。固定搭配at a minimum“至少”。因此D选项符合题意。54. 考查语义逻辑。A选项then“那么”；B选项but“但是”；C选项since“因为”；D选项as“因为；正如”。前面的句子是if引导的条件状语从句。句意：但如果你知道自己无法解决某个特定的问题，你仍然可以为自己选择快乐，或者至少拒绝选择不快乐，你是聪明的。此句的逻辑关系是，如果那么。因此A选项符合题意。55. 考查介词辨析。A选项opposite“在对面”；B选项against“反对；针对”；C选项toward“向；对于”；D选项across“穿过”。句意：你很聪明，因为你有神经崩溃的终极武器。由此可知，句中是因为有武器可以对抗神经崩溃。因此B选项符合题意。56. 考查固定搭配。A选项power“力量；权力”；B选项place“地方；住所”；C选项charge“费用；掌管”；D选项danger“危险；威胁”。句意：聪明的人不会有神经崩溃的时候，因为他们能自己。固定搭配be in charge of“负责；掌控”。与文中第一段的Taking charge of yourself相呼应。因此C选项符合题意。57. 考查介词辨析。A选项against“反对；针对”；B选项from“从；从到”；C选项under“在下面”；D选项over“在上面，穿越”。句意：他们知道如何沮丧选择快乐，因为他们知道如何处理他们生活中的问题。意思是聪明的人知道如何选择快乐而不是沮丧，在沮丧面前直达快乐的方法是越过沮丧，不去沾染。因此D选项符合题意。58. 考查物主代词辨析。A选项their“他们的”；B选项our“我们的”；C选项its“它的”；D选项his“他的”，本句的主语是they他们。句意：因为他们知道如何处理生活中的问题。物主代词应该与主语保持一致。因此A选项符合题意。59. 考查固定搭配。A选项for“为了；对于”；B选项at“在；向”；C选项when“何时”；D选项as“作为；像”。句意：你可以开始认为自己是真正聪明的。固定搭配think ofas“认为是”，因此D选项符合题意。60. 考查连接词辨析。A选项how“怎样；如何”；B选项why“为什么”；C选项when“什么时候”；D选项where“在哪里”。句意：你可以开始认为自己是真正聪明的，根据你是在艰难环境中是选择的。连接词中不需要使用疑问语气，后面接的是肯定句。因此可排除B，C，D选项。how可以用作从句中feel的表语，因此A选项符合题意。61. 考查固定搭配。A选项up“在之上”；B选项in“在内”；C选项to“朝；对于”；D选项against“反对；针对”。句意：你可以开始认为自己是真正聪明的，取决于你在面对困境时所选择的感受。固定搭配in the face of“面对”，因此B选项符合题意。62. 考查形容词辨析。A选项same“相同的；同一的”；B选项obvious“明显的；显著的”；C选项varying“不同的；易变的”；D选项similar“相似的”。句意：每个人在任何社会背景下与其他交往的人都有的困难。后面就开始解释我们都可能会遇到的困难，而每个人的处境不同所遇到的困难是无法达到一模一样的。根据后面的Similarly“相似地；类似地”，可以更加肯定空格内应填入相似的困难，刚好也能与后文相呼应。因此D选项符合题意。63. 考查语法结构。A选项what“什么”；B选项how“怎样”；C选项when“什么时候”；D选项which“哪一个”。空格前是介词of后需要一个连接词，构成宾语从句。疑问副词不能够充当宾语成分，可首先排除B，C选项。可以看到宾语从句的形式主语是it，to be human才是真正的主语。句中谓语动词means“意味着”缺少宾语。句意：各种分歧、矛盾、妥协是人类存在的真正意义的一部分。因此A选项符合题意。64. 考查动词辨析。A选项propose“建议；求婚”；B选项present“提出；出现”；C选项prosecute“检举；起诉”；D选项proceed“开始；进行”。句意：同样，金钱、衰老、疾病、死亡、自然灾害和事故是所有的几乎给所有人困难的事件。这些不可抗力的事情都是会给人带来困难的。presentto“给予；出现在”；此处是给予不美好的事物，可译为“带来”。因此B选项符合题意。65. 考查固定搭配。A选项them“他们”；B选项that“那；那个”；C选项their“他们的”；D选项it“它”。句意：但是有些人能够做到。固定搭配make it“成功；成功做到”，因此D选项符合题意。5. 单选题If（ ）to heavy pressure, cast iron will crack.问题1选项A.subjectingB.being subjectedC.subjectedD.having subjected【答案】C【解析】考查条件句的主语省略。当条件句的主语与主句的主语一致时，可省略主语。主句里面的主语是cast iron“铸铁”，条件句省略了主语cast iron，压力是由铸铁来承受的，因此应该使用subject的过去分词。句意：如果承受重大压力，铸铁也会断裂。完整版本应是If its subjected to heavy pressure, cast iron will crack. 因此C选项符合题意。6. 单选题Japan, whose population is aging faster than that of any other nations, may provide a laboratory for the challenges that developed societies will increasingly face. Such challenges（51）rising pension and medical costs and greater stress（52）a shrinking number of family caretakers,（53）to a recent study published by the Population Reference Bureau. Inc, in Washington, D. C.The proportion of the Japanese population（54）65 and over is expected to（55）than double between 1985 and 2025,（56）from 10% of the total population to 23%,（57）to decreasing birth and death rates.（58）, Japans elderly have been considered “honorable elders” who（59）a special place in the home, according to Linda G. Martin, author of（60）National Academy of Sciences Committee on Population.（61）the proportion of elderly living with their children（62）from 77% in 1970 to 65% in 1985.Increased（63）of middle-aged women, the traditional caretakers（64）the elderly, means that a（65）proportion of elderly Japanese can（66）upon care by family members. The proportion of married（67）of childbearing age planning to depend on their（68）for support in old（69）decreased from 55% in 1950 to 18% in 1988.（70）where such care is provided, there is some evidence of considerable family stress and poor quality of care.问题1选项A.insertB.includeC.encloseD.hide问题2选项A.toB.inC.onD.into问题3选项A.accordingB.dueC.previousD.thanks问题4选项A.ageB.agingC.agedD.ages问题5选项A.moreB.ratherC.otherD.no more问题6选项A.risingB.standingC.loweringD.enduring问题7选项A.dueB.expectedC.fittingD.suitable问题8选项A.CommonlyB.PubliclyC.TraditionallyD.Normally问题9选项A.earnB.deserveC.drawD.derive问题10选项A.aB.theC.oneD.some问题11选项A.BesidesB.AndC.SoD.But问题12选项A.omittedB.droppedC.failedD.crashed问题13选项A.assignmentB.responsibilityC.employmentD.business问题14选项A.toB.forC.towardD.of问题15选项A.smallB.littleC.smallerD.less问题16选项A.goB.hangC.holdD.rely问题17选项A.wivesB.partnersC.womenD.ladies问题18选项A.babiesB.childrenC.adultsD.parents问题19选项A.ageB.agesC.lifetimeD.period问题20选项A.EvenB.StillC.TrulyD.Yet【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A第6题:A第7题:A第8题:C第9题:A第10题:B第11题:D第12题:B第13题:C第14题:B第15题:C第16题:D第17题:C第18题:B第19题:A第20题:C【解析】51. 考查动词辨析。A选项insert“插入”；B选项include“包括”；C选项enclose“围住，随函附上”；D选项hide“隐瞒；躲藏”。在本句中Such challenges这类挑战与养老金和医疗费用的上升是一种涵盖的关系，故选B。52. 考查固定搭配。句意：这些挑战包括不断上涨的养老金和医疗费用以及更大的压力落在了越来越少的家庭看护人身上。A选项to“去；到”，强调方向；B选项in“在里面”；C选项on“在之上”；D选项into“从外向内进入”。前面的关键词stress常与介词on搭配。例如：put stress on sb“给某人施加压力”，C选项符合句意和搭配，故选C。53. 考查固定搭配。空格前给了我们一个结论，后面是发布研究结果的机构，根据介词to和a recent study最新研究，according to固定搭配“根据”，根据一项研究得出一个结论，故选A。54. 考查固定搭配。空格后面的65我们可以根据前段的population理解为年龄为65岁的人，单由数字无法进行断定，故使用过去分词进行诠释，表示已经65岁的人，AD选项不能使用在数字前，而B选项有其固定搭配aging fromto“年龄从几岁到几岁”，故选C。55. 考查固定搭配。A选项more than“超过”；B选项rather than“而不是”；C选项other than“除了外”；D选项no more than“至多，只不过”，后面的double两倍，比例从10%到23%是在增加的，故选A。56. 考查动词辨析。A选项rise“上升”；B选项stand“站立；忍受”；C选项lower“降低”；D选项endure“忍受”，从后面的数据10%-23%我们可知这个幅度是在上升的，故选A。57. 考查句子间的关系。由前一句可知日本的老龄化越来越严重了，空格后decreasing birth and death rate“减少的出生率与死亡率”，人口老龄化和出生率和死亡率的降低存在因果关系，故选A，due to固定搭配，意为“由于，因为”。58. 考查副词词义辨析。A选项commonly“通常地”；B选项publicly“公然地”；C选项traditionally“传统上地”；D选项normally“通常地”。AD选项同义故可排除，后半句Japans elderly have been considered “honorable elders”日本老年人被认为是尊敬的长者。尊老爱幼是传统美德，我们也可以从时态判断have done现在完成时，表示过去对现在的影响，综合考虑C选项更符合句意。故选C。59. 考查动词词义辨析。A选项earn“赚得，赢得”；B选项“值得”；C选项draw“画，移动”；D选项“起源于，来自”。由空格后面的名词词组a special place一个特殊的地位，结合前半句进行理解，传统意义上，日本的老人一直被认为是尊敬的长者从而在家庭中一个特殊地位。这个特殊地位并非是理所应当，是历史以来沿袭从而获得的，故选A。60. 考查冠词的用法。空格后接的是一个专有名词，需使用定冠词the，表示特指，故选B。61. 考查逻辑关系。前面说到日本的老年人在家庭中有一个特殊的地位。后面却说到老年人与子女一起生活的比例从1970年的77下降到了1985年的65。与逻辑不符合，需要用But进行转折承接，同理可排除ABC选项，故选D。62. 考查动词辨析。由空格后的数据77%-65%可知这个比例是在下降的。A选项omit“省略，删掉”；B选项drop“落下，降低”；C选项fail“失败，不够”；D选项crash“碰撞，暴跌”。其中D选项的暴跌多运用于股市中。故选B。63. 考查名词辨析。A选项assignment“作业，任务，分配”；B选项responsibility“责任，义务”；C选项employment“雇用，就业”；D选项business“业务，商业”。承接上一段老年人与子女一起生活的比例在不断降低，下一段进一步进行解释。increased增加的，之所以会减少与子女在一起生活的比例主要与中年女性增加的就业率有关。C选项符合题意逻辑，故选C。64. 考查介词辨析。本句主语是middle-aged women“中年女性”，下一句the traditional caretakers“传统的看护者”是主语的同位语，中年女性和后面的老年人属于一种照顾与被照顾的关系，对于家里的老人有赡养的义务。A选项to“给；去”；B选项for“对于；为了”；C选项toward“朝向”，方向介词；D选项of“属于的”，常表示所属关系，故选B。65. 考查语义逻辑。上一段内容就已经提到了与子女一起生活的比例本就减少了，本段开头提及中年女性的就业率的增加，那么能够在家照看老人的就更少了，本句含有递进与比较，由此可以推理出能够与子女一起居住的比例还会更少。需要用比较级。只有CD选项符合要求，而D选项less只能修饰不可数名词，主语为elderly Japanese为复数形式，同样的，也考查到了固定搭配a small proportion of“一小部分”，句中含有比较所以需要使用small的比较级smaller，故选C。66. 考查动词辨析。A选项go“走；去”；B选项hang“悬挂：绞死”；C选项hold“拿着；保持”；D选项rely“依靠，依赖”。年长的人需要依靠家庭成员的照顾，故选D。67. 考查名词辨析。A选项wives“妻子”；B选项partners“配偶；同伴；合伙人”；C选项women“女人”；D选项ladies“女士”。前文一直在谈论中年女人，空格前的修饰词married“已婚的”，已婚的女人意思可以更加广泛，可以涵盖所有对女人的头衔，故选C。68. 考查名词辨析。A选项babies“宝宝；婴儿”；B选项children“孩子”；C选项adults“成年人”；D选项“父母”。根据句意，已婚的女人打算老了之后依靠她们的孩子（养老）。故选B。69. 考查固定搭配。句意：“已婚妇女打算在她们垂暮之年依靠自己的孩子养老。”in old age为固定搭配“垂暮之年；老年”，故选A。70. 考查逻辑关系。回顾前一句能够生育孩子的已婚妇女的比例从1950的55%减少到了1988年的18%。能够依靠子女养老的老人数量越来越少。根据后半句“there is some evidence of considerable family stress and poor quality of care.有证据表明，会有相当大的家庭压力和较差的护理质量。”后半句语气是肯定的，也是在阐述一个事实，所以前半句应从实际出发，故选C。7. 单选题We were filled with trepidation as we（ ）our way into that big dark cave, expecting anything, bats, snakes and God knows what else.问题1选项A.exploredB.expoundedC.itchedD.inched【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explored“开发；探寻”；B选项expounded“详述；阐述”；C选项itched“发痒；渴望”；D选项inched“使缓慢地移动；慢慢移动”。句意：当我们那个黑暗的大洞穴时，想到可能会碰到任何事物，蝙蝠、蛇，谁知道还会有什么，心中便充满了恐惧。根据关键词trepidation“恐惧；惊恐”，我们是带着恐惧前行的，可想而知其行进速度一定是很慢的。因此D选项符合题意。8. 单选题Woodcarving began as a necessity in America and developed into an art. Because of the lack of other materials, early settlers were forced to make tools and utensils out of wood. At first, these articles were whittled with a knife, but when pioneer craftsmen set up their primitive shops most of them were fashioned on a lathea machine which holds an object and rotates it while it is being shaped by a tool.However, even after Massachusetts-born Thomas Blanchard designed a lathe which could turn irregular shapesan innovation that, made possible mass production of gunstocks, shoe lasts, oblong and square wood warecraftsmen who could use knife and chisel skillfully were still in demand. Some found ready employment in shops of cabinet-makers and chair-makers, while others carved decoys (捕兽的圈套). Still others specialized in creating shop signs, ship figureheads, or in decorating interior woodwork. A few even accepted commissions to make busts(半身像) of prominent citizens.36. This passage most likely came from a longer work about early American（ ）.37. The passage suggests that the early shops for making tools were（ ）.38. It can be inferred from the passage that, before Thomas Blanchards invention, lathes（ ）.39. Which of the following object was an important wood-working tool used by early American craftsmen?40. According to the passage, when wooden articles began to be mass-produced, what did many individual wood-workers do?问题1选项A.arts and craftsB.political leadersC.logging industriesD.fashion design问题2选项A.not very sophisticatedB.known for doing very quick workC.dependent on imported materialsD.frequented only by fashionable people问题3选项A.were not made of woodB.could not produce square objectsC.were found only in cabin making shopsD.could be used to make most tools and utensils问题4选项A.A bustB.A decoyC.A figureheadD.A chisel问题5选项A.They