2022-2023年考博英语-西北师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第25期

2022-2023年考博英语-西北师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题We have taken all the（ ）we can against the painting being stolen.问题1选项A.precautionsB.admissionsC.concessionsD.transactions【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项precautions“预防措施”；B选项admissions“许可”；C选项concessions“让步”；D选项transactions“交易”。句意：我们已采取了一切可能的预防措施以防那幅画被盗。本句表示采取预防措施。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题John is（ ）hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.问题1选项A.no lessB.no moreC.not lessD.no so【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项no less“不亚于，不比少”；B选项no more“不再”；C选项not less“至少”；D选项no so“没有，不那么”。句意：约翰并不比他的姐姐少努力，但是却没有通过考试。本句表示约翰的努力不亚于他的姐姐。因此A选项正确3. 单选题He feels that he is not yet（ ）to travel abroad.问题1选项A.too strongB.enough strongC.so strongD.strong enough【答案】D【解析】考查副词的用法。A选项tooto表示“太而不能”，不符合句意，排除A；B选项enough在修饰形容词和副词时应该放在它们的后面，排除B；C选项so应该与that连用，表示“太以至于”，不符合句意，排除C；D选项strong enough表示“足够强壮”。句意：他觉得自己身体还不够强壮，不能出国旅行。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题Nine is to three（ ）three is to one.问题1选项A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what【答案】D【解析】考查方式状语从句。A is to B what C is to D是固定句式，意思是“A对于B来说就等于C对于D一样”，what在句中引导方式状语从句，表示“好比，正如”。句意：九比三等于三比一。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题Nothing would（ ）Elizabeth to give up the cause of education.问题1选项A.induceB.deduceC.reduceD.seduce【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项induce“导致”；B选项deduce“推论”；C选项reduce“减少”；D选项seduce“诱惑”。句意：没有什么能让伊丽莎白放弃教育事业。本句表示导致某人放弃。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题This is an illness that can result in total blindness（ ）left untreated.问题1选项A.afterB.ifC.sinceD.unless【答案】B【解析】考查条件状语从句。if引导的条件状语从句，如果从句和主句的主语一致，则从句中的主语和be动词可以一同省略，此句省略了the illness is。句意：这种疾病如果不加以治疗，就会导致完全失明。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题There is already（ ）clear to show that plants and animals are being affected by climate change.问题1选项A.witnessB.certificationC.identityD.evidence【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项witness“证人”；B选项certification“证明”；C选项identity“身份”；D选项evidence“证据”。句意：已经有明确的证据表明，动植物正受到气候变化的影响。本句表示明确的证据，因此D选项正确。8. 单选题Recent research has claimed that an excess of positive ions in the air can have an ill effect on peoples physical or psychological health. What are positive ions? Well, the air is full of ions, electrically charged particles, and generally there is a rough balance between the positive and the negative charged. But sometimes this balance becomes disturbed and a larger proportion of positive ions are found. This happens naturally before thunderstorm, earthquakes when winds such as the Mistral, Hamsin or Sharav are blowing in certain countries. Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets duplicators or computer display screens.When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance. Animals are also affected, particularly before earthquakes, snakes have been observed to come out of hibernation, rats to flee from their burrows, dogs howl and cats jump about unaccountably. This has led the US Geographical Survey to fund a network of volunteers to watch animals in an effort to foresee such disasters before they hit vulnerable areas such as California.Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray. This probably accounts for the beneficial effect of a holiday by the sea, or in the mountains with tumbling streams or waterfalls.To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions. They claim that ionisers not only clean and refresh the air but also improve the health of people sensitive to excess positive ions. Of course, there are the detractors, other scientists, who dismiss such claims and are skeptical about negative/positive ion research. Therefore people can only make up their own minds by observing the effects on themselves, or on others, of a negative rich or poor environment. After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.1.What effect does exceeding positive ionization have on some people?2.In accordance with the passage, static electricity can be caused by（ ）.3.A high negative ion count is likely to be found（ ）.4.What kind of machine can generate negative ions indoors?5.Some scientists believe that（ ）.问题1选项A.They think they are insane.B.They feel rather bad-tempered and short-fussed.C.They become violently sick.D.They are too tired to do anything.问题2选项A.using home-made electrical goodsB.wearing clothes made of natural materialsC.walking on artificial floor coveringsD.copying TV programs on a computer问题3选项A.near a pound with a water pumpB.close to a slow-flowing riverC.high in some barren mountainsD.by a rotating water sprinkler问题4选项A.Ionisers.B.Air-conditioners.C.Exhaust-fansD.Vacuum pumps.问题5选项A.watching animals to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than depending on seismographyB.the unusual behavior of animals cannot be trustedC.neither watching nor using seismographs is reliableD.earthquake【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“exceeding positive ionization”可以定位到第二段第一句When a large number of positive ions are present in the air many people experience unpleasant effects such as headaches, fatigue, irritability, and some particularly sensitive people suffer nausea or even mental disturbance.（当空气中存在大量的正离子时，许多人会产生头痛、疲劳、易怒等不良反应，一些特别敏感的人会感到恶心甚至精神障碍。），说明大量正离子会导致一些人容易脾气暴躁。因此B选项“他们觉得自己脾气相当不好，很暴躁”正确。A选项“他们认为自己疯了”，C选项“他们会变得非常虚弱”，D选项“他们太累了，什么也做不了”在文中均没有提及，所以A，C，D错误。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“static electricity”可以定位到文章第一段最后一句Or it can be caused by a build-up of static electricity indoors from carpets or clothing made of man-made fibers, or from TV sets duplicators or computer display screens.（也可能是由于室内地毯、人造纤维衣服、电视机、复印机、电脑屏幕产生的静电积聚造成的。），说明能够引起静电的有地毯、衣物等人造纤维、电视、复印机和电脑等。因此C选项“在人造地板覆盖物上行走”正确。A选项“使用自制的电器产品”，B选项“穿天然材料的衣服”在文中均没有提及，所以A，B错误。D选项“在电脑上录制电视节目”虽然有电视和电脑，但并不属于能够从原文推断的范围，所以D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“negative ion”可以定位到文章第三段第一、二句Conversely, when large numbers of negative ions are present, then people have a feeling of well-being. Natural conditions that produce these large amounts are near the sea, close to waterfalls or fountains, or in any place where water is sprayed, or forms a spray.（相反，当大量的负离子出现时，那么人们就会有一种幸福感。产生这些大量负离子的自然条件是靠近大海，靠近瀑布或喷泉，或在任何有水喷出，或形成水花的地方。），说明大量负离子的产生条件是水喷溅形成水花。因此D选项“旋转式喷水器”正确。A选项“在有水泵的地方附近”，B选项“靠近缓流河流的地方”，C选项“在一些荒山上”均不是能产生喷溅水花的地点，所以A，B，C错误。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“machine”可以定位到文章第四段第一句To increase the supply of negative ions indoors, some scientists recommend the use of ionisers: small portable machines, which generate negative ions.（为了增加室内负离子的供应，一些科学家建议使用离子发生器：一种小型便携式设备，可以产生负离子。），说明离子发生器可以产生负离子。因此A选项“离子发生器”正确。B选项“空调”，C选项“排气扇”，D选项“真空泵”在文中均没有提及，所以B，C，D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段最后一句After all it is debatable whether depending on seismic readings to anticipate earthquakes is more effective than watching the cat.（毕竟依靠地震读数来预测地震是否比观察猫更有效，还有待商榷。），说明有些科学家认为通过地震仪来预测地震不一定有效，可能还不如观察动物。因此A选项“观察动物预测地震比依靠地震仪更有效”正确。B选项“动物的异常行为不可信”，C选项“观察和使用地震仪都不可靠”，D选项“地震”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。9. 填空题bully democracy destiny loyal renownedChurchill believed that he was（1）to lead his country. He fought as a soldier in World War I and led the country to victory in World War II. It seems ironic that a leader of such（2）as Churchill could not count on the（3）of voters in 1945. However, in a（4）country, electors cannot be（5）, and he had to tolerate political defeat after military victory, and once more to his country retreat, Chartwell.【答案】1.destined2.renown3.loyalty4.democratic5.bullied【解析】1.句意：丘吉尔相信他注定要领导他的国家。此处应用被动语态，因此填destined。2.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人。此处应用名词形式，因此填renown。3.句意：像丘吉尔这样声名显赫的领导人却不能指望选民的忠诚。此处应用名词形式，因此填loyalty。4.句意：在一个民主国家。此处应用形容词形式，因此填democratic。5.句意：选举人是不能被欺负的。此处应用被动语态，因此填bullied。10. 单选题（ ）they hope to go home tomorrow, they are resigned to staying on until the end of year.问题1选项A.Much asB.Much thoughC.As muchD.Though much【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句的倒装。句意：尽管他们很希望明天就回家，但他们还是决定一直待到年底。as引导让步状语从句表示尽管时，要将宾语或副词倒装，much as表示尽管很，因此A选项正确。11. 翻译题我国先秦思想家就提出了“亲仁善邻，国之宝也”的思想，反映了自古以来中国人民就希望天下太平、同各国人民友好相处。今天，专心致志进行现代化建设的中国人民，更需要有一个长期的和平国际环境和良好的周边环境。我国的对外政策，是以和平为宗旨的。我们坚持在和平共处五项原则，特别是在相互尊重、平等互利、互不干涉内政的原则基础上，同世界各国建立和发展友好合作关系。我们绝不会把自己曾经遭受欺凌的苦难加之于人。中国的发展与进步，不会对任何人构成威胁。将来中国富强起来了，也永远不称霸。中国始终是维护世界和平与地区稳定的坚定力量。【答案】As early as in the pre-Qin Dynasty, Chinese thinkers put forward the idea of “benevolence and good neighborliness are the treasures of a country”, which reflects the Chinese peoples desire for world peace and friendly relations with people of all countries since ancient times. Today, the Chinese people, dedicated to modernization, need more than ever a long-term peaceful international environment and a good surrounding environment. Chinas foreign policy is based on peace. We are committed to establishing and developing friendly relations and cooperation with other countries on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, especially the principles of mutual respect, equality, mutual benefit and mutual non-involvement in each others internal affairs. We will never inflict on others the hardships we have suffered from bullying. Chinas development and progress will pose no threat to anyone. In the future, when China becomes rich and strong, it will never claim hegemony either. China will always be a staunch force for world peace and regional stability.12. 单选题Two boys were caught smoking in school but the principal let them（ ）with a warning.问题1选项A.aloneB.offC.inD.out【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项let alone“不打扰，不惊动”；B选项let off“排放，宽恕”，表示宽恕的意思时，通常构成短语let sb. off with sth.，宽恕某人做某事；C选项let in“让进来”；D选项let out“加宽，放宽”。句意：两个男孩在学校抽烟被抓住了，但校长只警告他们一下就放过了。本句表示宽恕了他们。因此B选项正确。13. 单选题There is no（ ）evidence that people can control their dreams, at least in experimental situations in a lab.问题1选项A.rigidB.solidC.smoothD.harsh【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项rigid“严格的”；B选项solid“可靠的”；C选项smooth“光滑的”；D选项harsh“严酷的”。句意：没有确凿的证据表明人们可以控制自己的梦，至少在实验室的实验情况下是这样。本句表示可靠确凿的证据。因此B选项正确。14. 翻译题Indubitably the vast majority of books overlap one another. Few indeed are those which give the impression of originality, either in style or in content. Rare are the unique booksless than 50, perhaps, out of the whole storehouse of literature. In one of his recent auto-biographical novels, Blaise Cendrars points out that Remy de Gourmont, because of his knowledge and awareness of this repetitive quality in books, was able to select and read all that is worthwhile in the entire realm of literature. Cendrars himselfwho would suspect it?is a prodigious reader. He reads most authors in their original tongue. Not only that, but when he likes an author he reads every last book the man has written, as well as his letters and all the books that have been written about him. In our day his case is almost unparalleled, I imagine. For, not only has he read widely and deeply, but he has himself written a great many books. All on the side, as it were. For, if he is anything, Cendrars, he is a man of action, an adventurer and explorer, a man who has known how to “waste” his time royally. He is, in a sense, the Julius Caesar of literature.【答案】不容置疑的是，大多数书都互相重复，在文体或内容上让人感到具有独创性的书实在是少之又少。在整个文学库藏中，只有极少数作品或许不到50本是独具一格的。在最近出版的一部自传体小说中，布莱斯桑德拉尔指出，古尔蒙之所以能够选择并通读文学领域中一切值得读的书籍，就是因为他知识渊博，并且了解书的这种重复性。桑德拉尔本人就是一个博览群书的人，没有人会怀疑这一点。他阅读了大部分作家的原作。不仅如此，一旦他喜欢上一个作家，他就会阅读这个作家写的每一本书，包括他的书信以及所有有关他的书籍。我猜想，在当今世界上，几乎没有人能像他一样，不仅读得广、读得精，而且还著述颇丰。可以说这一切都是在业余时间完成的。因为桑德拉尔是一个十足的行动家，一个四处跋涉的冒险家和探险家，一个懂得如何“肆意浪费”时间的人。从某种意义上说，他是文学界的凯撒大帝。15. 单选题（ ）dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.问题1选项A.AlthoughB.WhateverC.AsD.However【答案】D【解析】考查让步状语的连接词。修饰形容词dull的词必须为副词，although和as是连词，后面接句子，因此排除A和C；whatever后面接名词，因此排除B。however dull he may be表示不管他有多迟钝，因此D选项正确。16. 单选题Peoples expectations about the future may have more influence on their sense of well-being than their（ ）state does.问题1选项A.currentB.initialC.modernD.primitive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项current“现在的”；B选项initial“最初的”；C选项modern“现代的”；D选项primitive“原始的”。句意：人们对未来的期望可能比他们当前的状态更能影响他们的幸福感。本句表示当前的状态，因此A选项正确。17. 单选题The modern world only recently reached the Yanomano, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell 20 per cent.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry. They dont use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a Yanomano dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,” the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomano were isolated from modern society.They occupy dense jungle north of the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists (人类学家) as neo-Indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8,000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase ones wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomano man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grow plantains, a type of banana eaten cooked, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.1.Miners flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomano who（ ）.2.The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomano is the worlds（ ）.3.Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?4.（ ）caused the Yanomano to have inter-tribal wars.5.We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomano because（ ）.问题1选项A.sheltered in thick rainforestB.would not leave their jungle homelandC.lived a self-contained existenceD.would stand in their way问题2选项A.most primitive peopleB.most backward peopleC.most advanced peopleD.oldest people问题3选项A.In South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.B.In South America, the traditions are on the verge of extinction.C.In South America, the Yanomano can survive extinction.D.In South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.问题4选项A.The shortage of women resulting from polygamyB.The difference in wealth resulting from polygamyC.The shortage of women resulting from monogamyD.The difference in wealth resulting from monogamy问题5选项A.it is a culturally most intact peopleB.it is a primitive people deep in jungleC.it is a native people of the Amazon basinD.it is primitive people in danger of disappearing【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Miners”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing disease and shot those Yanomano who would not get out of the way.（矿工们涌进森林，砍伐树木，带来疾病，射杀那些不愿让路的雅诺玛诺人。），说明矿工射杀的是那些不愿意让出道路的雅诺玛诺人。因此D选项“会挡住他们的路”正确。A选项“躲在茂密的雨林中”，B选项“不会离开自己的丛林家园”，C选项“过着自给自足的生活”均不是矿工射杀他们的理由，所以A，B，C错误。2.推理判断题。由题干关键词“Hands Around the World”可以定位到文章第二段第一句Hands Around the World, a native American cultural association, says the Yanomano are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world.（美国土著文化协会Hands Around the World表示，雅诺玛诺人被认为是世界上文化最完整的民族。），说明雅诺玛诺人有史以来的原始文化都保存得很完整。因此A选项“最原始的民族”正确。B选项“最落后的民族”，C选项“最先进的民族”，D选项“最古老的民族”均不符合题意，所以B，C，D错误。3.客观细节题。由题干关键词“report”可以定位到文章第三段，第三段第一句说到in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tribes are in danger of extinction.（在南美洲，不仅文化和传统面临消失的危险，一些部落也面临灭绝的危险。），说明南美洲的文化、传统和一些部落正处于消失的边缘，所以A选项“在南美洲，文化正处于消亡的边缘”，B选项“在南美洲，传统正处于消亡的边缘”，D选项“在南美洲，有些部落濒临灭绝”表述符合原文，排除A，B，D。第三段第二句说到The Yanomano is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease（雅诺玛诺人是一个著名的部落，由于西方疾病的破坏，这个部落的成员正在迅速流失。），说明雅诺玛诺人很难存活下来。因此C选项“在南美洲，雅诺玛诺人可以在消亡中幸存下来”表述不符合原文，本题选C。4.客观细节题。由题干关键词“inter-tribal wars”可以定位到文章第五段Though many Yanomano men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives These marriages result in a shortage of women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.（虽然许多雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，但他们有两个或更多的妻子并不罕见这些婚姻导致了可供其他男人结婚的女性的短缺，从而导致了部落间的战争。），说明雅诺玛诺人是一夫一妻制的，引发战争的原因是这种婚姻导致的女性短缺。因此C选项“一夫一妻制造成的女性短缺问题”正确。A选项“一夫多妻制造成的女性短缺问题”，B选项“一夫多妻制导致的财富差异问题”，D选项“一夫一妻制导致的财富差异问题”均不符合题意，所以A，B，D错误。5.推理判断题。由全文可以得知，雅诺玛诺人是一个濒临灭绝的民族，所以需要保护。因此D选项“是濒临消失的原始民族”正确。A选项“是一个文化上最完整的民族”，B选项“是丛林深处的原始民族”，C选项“是亚马孙流域的土著民族”虽然表述正确，但不是雅诺玛诺人需要保护的理由，所以A，B，C错误。18. 单选题The doctors dont（ ）that the patient will live much longer.问题1选项A.monitorB.manifestC.articulateD.anticipate【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项monitor“监视”；B选项manifest“表明”；C选项articulate“清晰地表达”；D选项anticipate“预计”。句意：医生们预计那位病人活不了太久了。本句表示预计病人的存活时间，因此D选项正确。19. 单选题Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively（ ）from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes.问题1选项A.isolatedB.dismissedC.distractedD.excluded【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项isolated“孤立”；B选项dismissed“解散”；C选项distracted“分心”；D选项excluded“排除”。句意：灯塔一旦建成，任何国籍的船舶都可以有效地利用它来航行。本句表示没有船舶会被排除在外，因此D选项正确。20. 单选题There used to be a petrol station near the park,（ ）?问题1选项A.didnt itB.doesnt thereC.usednt itD.didnt there【答案】D【解析】考查反义疑问句。句意：过去在公园附近有个加油站，是吗？used to意为“过去常常”，当陈述句谓语部分含有used to时，反义疑问句常由usednt或didnt构成，如果陈述句是There used to be句型，反义疑问句由usednt / didnt there构成，因此D选项正确。