2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解17

2022年考博英语-通用考博英语考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.A cool office will boost employees productivity.B.A naturally ventilated office is more comfortable.C.Air-conditioning improves ventilation in the office.D.Office air-conditioning should follow guidebooks.问题2选项A.People in their comfort zone of temperature are more satisfied with their productivity.B.Twenty-two degrees is the optimal temperature for office workers.C.There is a range of temperatures for people to feel comfortable.D.People in different countries vary in their tolerance to uncomfortable temperatures.问题3选项A.It will sharply decrease work efficiency.B.It will be immediately noticeable.C.It will have no negative impact on work.D.It will cause a lot of discomfort.问题4选项A.They are not bothered by temperature extremes.B.They suffer from rapid temperature changes.C.They become less sensitive to high temperatures.D.They tend to favor lower temperatures.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D【解析】Passage TwoSetting the office air-conditioning at about 22 degrees Celsius has become standard practice across the world. 12 Numerous guidebooks across the world on heating, ventilation and air-conditioning claim office performance peaks at 22 degrees. Many people indeed find relief from soaring summer temperatures in air-conditioned offices, but recent studies have challenged the accepted wisdom that a cool office is more productive. The reality is more complex. Researchers conducted a review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity. They found that 22 degrees was probably a little chilly, even at the height of summer. 13 For a person dressed in typical summer clothing, an optimal range would be between 23 and 26 degrees. And people can even tolerate temperatures beyond this “comfort zone” as long as they can adjust their clothing and expectations. In fact, even on very hot days, it makes sense to turn the air-conditioning up. People often chase just one “optimum” temperature, and this is understandable when people feel hot. 14 But there is a range of at least three to four degrees which does not have any adverse impact. Another issue related to this is that people can become psychologically dependent on air-conditioning. 15 If they are used to the environment which is air-conditioned, they tend to prefer lower temperatures. But the studies found that almost all humans became accustomed to the new temperature. It was only at the “extreme” ends of the temperature range where peoples productivity suffered. This range was above 26 degrees and below 19 degrees.12. What is the accepted wisdom concerning the office environment?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问关于办公室环境，人们普遍接受的观念是什么？录音开头讲到办公室的空调温度调到22度左右已成为全球性的标准做法，并且许多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南都声称办公室温度峰值达到22度时，人们的工作效率最高。由此可知，人们普遍认为“凉爽的办公环境能提高员工的工作效率”，因此A选项正确。B选项“自然通风的办公室更舒适”和C选项“空调改善办公室的通风”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除；D选项“人们认为办公室的空调温度设定应遵循指南”，录音只是提及很多指南声称温度调至22度时，员工工作效率最高，并没有说一定要遵循指南，因此D选项不正确。13. What did researchers find from their review of all studies relating to air-conditioning and productivity?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问研究人员在回顾了所有与空调和生产力有关的研究之后发现了什么？研究人员发现22度的温度即便是在盛夏也很可能让人感觉有点冷，对穿着正常夏装的人来说，最适宜的温度范围是23度到26度。C选项“人们感到舒适的温度有一个范围”是对这些信息的概括，因此正确。A选项“处于温度舒适区的人们对自己的工作效率更满意”，录音中并没有提及人们对工作效率是否满意，因此排除；B选项“对办公室工作人员来说，22度是最适宜的温度”是很多关于供暖、通风和空调的指南的观点，不是研究人员新发现的结果，因此排除；D选项“不同国家的人对不舒服的温度的耐受力不同”在录音中没有信息提及。14. What do we learn about using a little less air-conditioning during hot weather?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于在大热天少用点空调，我们了解到什么？录音在提到夏天最适宜的室温是23度至26度后，接着说即使超出这个温度舒适区，人们也受得了。后面还提到，人们通常只追求一个“最适宜的”温度，但在三到四度的温度浮动范围内，不会产生任何负面影响。因此，C选项“对工作没有负面影响”符合录音表述。A选项“这会大大降低工作效率”和D选项“这会引起很多不适”恰好与录音内容相反；B选项“这会立即被注意到”在录音中并没有信息提及，因此可排除。15. What happens when people are used to an air-conditioned environment?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问当人们习惯了空调环境时会发生什么？录音结尾处提到，人们会在心理上对空调产生依赖，如果他们习惯了有空调的环境，他们往往会喜欢更低的温度（they tend to prefer lower temperatures）。D选项是对原文信息的复现，因此正确。A选项“他们不受极端温度的影响”与录音表述恰好相反；B选项“他们会因温度的快速变化而受到不好的影响”和C选项“他们对高温变得不那么敏感”在录音中没有信息提及，因此排除。2. 单选题When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government （ ） additional men.问题1选项A.revisesB.suspendsC.conscriptsD.encourages【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。revise“修订, 校订”;suspend“延缓, 推迟”;conscript“征召, 招兵”;encourage“鼓励, 激励”。句意:当没有足够的志愿者入伍时, 政府就会征兵。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.Few of us can ignore changes in our immediate environment.B.It is impossible for us to be immune from outside influence.C.Few of us can remain unaware of what happens around us.D.It is important for us to keep in touch with our own world.问题2选项A.Make up his mind to start all over again.B.Stop making unfair judgements of others.C.Try to find a more exciting job somewhere else.D.Recognise the negative impact of his coworkers.问题3选项A.They are quite susceptible to suicide.B.They improve peoples quality of life.C.They suffer a great deal from ill health.D.They help people solve mental problems.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C【解析】Recording TwoWe are very susceptible to the influence of the people around us. For instance, you may have known somebody who has gone overseas for a year or so and has returned with an accent perhaps. We become part of our immediate environment. 19 None of us are immune to the influences of our own world and let us not kid ourselves that we are untouched by the things and the people in our life. Fred goes off to his new job at a factory. Fred takes his ten-minute coffee break, but the other workers take a half-an-hour. Fred says, “Whats the matter with you guys?” Two weeks later, Fred is taking twenty-minute breaks. A month later, Fred takes his half-hour. Fred is saying, “If you cant beat them, join them. Why should I work any harder than the next guy?”The fascinating thing about being human is that generally we are unaware that there are changes taking place in our mentality. It is like returning to the citys smog after some weeks in the fresh air. Only then do we realize that we have become accustomed to the nasty smells. Mix with critical people, and we learn to criticize. Mix with happy people, and we learn about happiness. What this means is that we need to decide what we want from life and then choose our company, accordingly. You may well say, “That is going to take some effort. It may not be comfortable. I may offend some of my present company.” Right, but it is your life. 20 Fred may say, “Im always broke, frequently depressed. Im going nowhere, and I never do anything exciting.” Then we discover that Freds best friends are always broke, frequently depressed，going nowhere and wishing that life was more exciting. This is not coincidence, nor is it our business to stand in judgment of Fred. However, if Fred ever wants to improve his quality of life, 20 the first thing hell need to do is recognize what has been going on all these years.21 Its no surprise that doctors as a profession suffer a lot of ill health because they spend their lives around sick people. Psychiatrists have a higher incidence of suicide in their profession for related reasons. Traditionally, nine out of ten children whose parents smoke, smoke themselves. Obesity is in part an environmental problem. Successful people have successful friends, and so the story goes on.19. What does the speaker say about us as human beings?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问说话人提出的关于人类的观点是什么？说话人说到，我们谁也不能不受我们所在世界的影响，B选项“人不受外界影响是不可能的”是对录音原文的转述，因此正确。A选项“很少人能忽略我们自身所在环境的变化”和C选项“很少人能忽略我们身边发生的事情”都是强调人们察觉到外界环境的变化，但录音中主要讲的是我们很少会意识到自己心态上的变化，因此A选项和C选项可排除；D选项“保持和世界的联系很重要”不属于说话人的观点，因此也可排除。20. What does the speaker say Fred should do first to improve his quality of life?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话人认为Fred先得做什么才能提高生活质量？录音中提及如果Fred想要改善他的生活质量，他首先需要做的是认识到这些年来发生了什么。这篇文章的主题就是人们受到自身所处环境的影响，所以说话人的言下之意是让Fred认识到身边的人带给他的负面影响。因此，D选项“认识到身边的人带来的负面影响”正确。A选项“下定决心一切从头再来”；B选项“停止不公平地评判他人”和C选项“去别的地方找份更令人振奋的工作”在录音中均没有信息提及，因此排除。21. What does the speaker say about psychiatrists?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于精神病医生，说话人说了什么？说话人先说到医生这个职业会遭受很多健康问题（suffer a lot of ill health），接着指出在医生职业中，精神病医生的自杀率更高。由此可见，精神病医生也遭受着很多健康问题。C选项“他们的健康状况不佳”符合录音原文，因此正确。A选项“他们很容易自杀”属于过度推断，录音中只是说自杀率更高，并不是说他们很容易自杀，因此不正确；B选项“他们提高了人们的生活质量”，在录音中没有信息提及；D选项“他们帮助人们解决心理问题”是一般性的常识，不属于说话人的看法，因此排除。4. 单选题Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.问题1选项A.To understand the mechanism of the human brain.B.To see if they are inherent traits affecting learning.C.To categorize different types of learners.D.To find out what students prefer to learn.问题2选项A.It was original in design.B.It was thought-provoking.C.It was defective.D.It was misguided.问题3选项A.Reading plain texts is more effective than viewing pictures.B.Scientific concepts are hard to understand without visual aids.C.Auditory aids are as important as visual aids.D.Visual aids are helpful to all types of learners.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D【解析】Recording OneHave you ever had someone try to explain something to you a dozen times with no luckbut then, when you see a picture, the idea finally clicks? If that sounds familiar, maybe you might consider yourself a visual learner. Or, if reading or listening does the trick, maybe you feel like youre a verbal learner.We call these labels learning styles, but is there really a way to categorize different types of students? Well, it actually seems that multiple presentation formats, especially if one of them is visual, help most people learn.16 When psychologists and educators test for learning styles, theyre trying to figure out whether these are inherent traits that affect how well students learn, instead of just a preference. Usually, they start by giving a survey to figure out what style a student favors, like visual or verbal learning. Then, they try to teach the students something with a specific presentation style, like using visual aids, and do a follow-up test to see how much they learned. That way, the researchers can see if the self-identified verbal learners really learned better when the information was just spoken aloud, for example.But, according to a 2008 review, only one study that followed this design found that students actually learned best with their preferred style. 17 But the study had some big flaws. The researchers excluded two thirds of the original participants because they didnt seem to have any clear learning style from the survey at the beginning, and they didnt even report the actual test scores in the final paper. So. it doesnt really seem like learning styles are an inherent trait that we all have. But, that doesnt mean that all students will do amazingly if they just spend all their time reading from a textbook.Instead, most people seem to learn better if theyre taught in several ways, especially if one is visual. In one study, researchers tested whether students remembered lists of words better if they heard them, saw them, or both. And everyone seemed to do better if they got to see the words in print, even the self-identified auditory learners. Their preference didnt seem to matter.Similar studies tested whether students learned basic physics and chemistry concepts better by reading plain text or viewing pictures, too. 18 And everyone did better with the help of pictures.16. Why do psychologists and educators study learning styles?【试题答案】B【试题解析】题目问为什么心理学家和教育家要研究学习方式？录音提到，当心理学家和教育学家为学习方式做测试时，他们试图弄清楚这些是否是影响学生学习效果的固有特征，因此B选项“看它们是否是影响学习的固有特征”符合录音原文表述。A选项“了解人类大脑的机制”和D选项“找出学生更喜欢学什么”在录音中均没有信息提及；C选项“对不同类型的学习者进行分类”，利用录音的categorize different types of students设干扰，录音中只是质疑是否真的有办法把不同类型的学生分类，这并不是心理学家和教育家研究学习方式的原因，因此C选项不正确。17. What does the speaker say about one study mentioned in the 2008 review?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问说话者对2008年评论中提到的一项研究有何看法？录音提到，这项研究存在一些重大缺陷，因此C选项“它是有缺陷的”正确。A选项“它在设计上是原创的”，利用录音的original设干扰，录音只是提到研究人员排除了三分之二的最初参与者，并未提到设计上的事，因此A选项不正确；B选项“它是发人深省的”和D选项“它被误导了”在录音中没有信息提及。18. What message does the speaker want to convey about learning at the end of talk?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问在谈话的最后，说话者想传达关于学习的什么信息？录音最后提到，类似的研究测试了学生通过阅读纯文本或观看图片是否能更好地学习基本的物理和化学概念，所有人在图片的帮助下都做得更好。由此可知，D选项“视觉上的辅助对所有类型的学习者都有用”符合录音原文表述。A选项“阅读纯文本比看图片更有效”与录音最后提到的实验结果恰好相反，因此错误；B选项“没有视觉辅助，科学概念很难理解”，录音中未提及理解科学概念的难度，因此B选项属于无中生有的错误选项；C选项“听觉辅助和视觉辅助一样重要”，录音提到一项研究测试学生在听、看和听看并用的情况下记单词的效果。结果发现，所有学生在“看”单词时，记单词的效果最好，即使自认为偏好用“听”来学习的学生也是这样。由此可见，“看”应该比“听”效果更好，因此排除C选项。5. 单选题Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.问题1选项A.It has started to expand business outside the UK.B.It has imported some exotic foods from overseas.C.It has turned certain insects into a new food source.D.It has joined hands with Sainsburys to sell pet insects.问题2选项A.It made him feel strange. C. It hurt his throat slightly.B.C. It hurt his throat slightly. B.C.It hurt his throat slightly. B. It was really unforgettable.D.It was a pleasant surprise.问题3选项A.They contain more protein than conventional meats.B.They will soon gain popularity throughout the world.C.They are more tasty than beef, chicken or pork.D.They are more nutritious than soups and salads.问题4选项A.It is a promising industry.B.It requires new technology.C.It is environmentally friendly.D.It saves huge amounts of labour.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:C【解析】Passage Two12 Eat Grub is Britains first new food company that breaks western food boundaries by introducing edible insects as a new source of food. And Sainsburys is the first UK supermarket to stock the company crunchy roasted crickets.Sainsburys insists that such food is no joke and could be a new, sustainable source of protein. Out of curiosity, I paid a visit to Sainsburys. As I put my hand into a packet of crickets with their tiny eyes and legs, the idea of one going in my mouth made me feel a little sick. 13 But the first bite was a pleasant surprise. A little dry and lacking of taste, but at least a wing didnt get stuck in my throat. The roasted seasoning largely overpowered any other flavour although there was slightly bitter aftertaste. The texture was crunchy, but smelt a little of cat food. Eat Grub also recommends the crickets as a topping for noodles, soups and salads.14 The company boasts that its dried crickets contain more protein than beef, chicken and pork, as well as minerals like iron and calcium. Unlike the production of meat, bugs do not use up large amounts of land, water or feed, and 15 insect farming also produces far fewer greenhouse gases. However, despite two billion people worldwide already supplementing their diet with insects, “consumer disgust” remains a large barrier in many western countries. Im not sure bugs will become a popular snack anytime soon, but theyre definitely food for thought.12. What do we learn from the passage about the food company Eat Grub?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问我们从这篇关于食品公司Eat Grub的文章中能得知什么？录音开头提到，Eat Grub引入食用昆虫作为新的食物来源，打破了西方食品的界限，由此可知C选项“它把某些昆虫变成了一种新的食物来源”正确。A选项“它已经开始扩展英国以外的业务”和B选项“从国外进口了一些异国食品”在录音中没有信息提及。D选项“它与Sainsburys联手出售宠物昆虫”主要是利用录音的Sainsburys设干扰，录音只是提到Sainsburys是英国第一家上货Eat Grub脆烤蟋蟀的超市，没有说它与Eat Grub联手，也未说到宠物昆虫，因此D选项不正确。13. What does the speaker say about his first bite a roasted crickets?【试题答案】D【试题解析】题目问说话者对于他第一次咬烤蟋蟀说了什么？录音提到，第一口吃起来很惊喜，因此D选项“这是一个惊喜”符合录音原文。A选项“这让他觉得很奇怪”利用录音中的made me feel设干扰，录音中说的是一想到有只蟋蟀会进到嘴里，就觉得有点恶心，而不是奇怪，因此A选项不正确；B选项“真的很难忘”在录音中没有提及；C选项“他的喉咙有点痛”利用录音中的throat设干扰，录音中说的是至少蟋蟀的翼没卡在说话人的喉咙里，并没有提到喉咙痛，因此不正确。14. What does Eat Grub say about its dried crickets?【试题答案】A【试题解析】题目问的是对于蟋蟀干，Eat Grub怎么说？录音提到，该公司夸口说他们的蟋蟀干比牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉含有更多的蛋白质。牛肉、鸡肉和猪肉都属于传统肉类，因此A选项“它们比传统肉类含有更多的蛋白质”正确。B选项“它们很快就会在全世界流行起来”和C选项“它们比牛肉、鸡肉或猪肉好吃”在录音中均没有提及；D选项“它们比汤和沙拉更有营养”，利用录音中的soups and salads设干扰，录音只是说Eat Grub还推荐蟋蟀作为面条、汤和沙拉的配料，并未指出哪个更有营养，因此D选项不正确。15. What does the passage say about insect farming?【试题答案】C【试题解析】题目问关于昆虫养殖，这篇文章的说法是什么？录音提到，昆虫养殖产生的温室气体少很多，由此可推断，昆虫养殖很环保，因此C选项“环保”正确。A选项“这是一个很有前途的行业”，录音结尾提到，尽管全世界有20亿人把昆虫作为补充的食物，但在很多西方国家，目前还有很大的阻碍。之后还提到，不确定虫子是否会成为一种受欢迎的零食，由此可推断昆虫养殖的前景并不是很乐观，因此A选项不正确；B选项“需要新技术”和D选项“节省大量劳动力”在录音中没有信息提及。6. 单选题In your teens, peer-group friendships may（ ）from parents as the major influence on you.问题1选项A.take controlB.take placeC.take upD.take over【答案】D【解析】考查动词词组固定搭配。take over from “取而代之”。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Biological wizardry of a different sort is responsible for the ruggedness of sea-ear shells, which under high-powered microscopes resemble _ constructed stone walls.问题1选项A.reversiblyB.elaboratelyC.spontaneouslyD.concurrently【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项reversibly“可逆地”；B选项elaborately“精巧地；苦心经营地”；C选项spontaneously“自发地；自然地；不由自主地”；D选项concurrently“同时地；兼营；兼任地；并发地”。句意：鲍鱼壳的坚固是由另一种生物魔法造成的，在高倍显微镜下，它就像精心建造的石墙。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题I found the subject very difficult, and at one time thought I should have to give it up, but your directions are so clear and（ ）that I have succeeded in getting a picture we all think pretty, though wanting in the tender grace of yours.问题1选项A.on the pointB.off the pointC.to the pointD.up to a point【答案】C【解析】考查介词词组辨析。on the point “即将的时候”；off the point “离题”；to the point “中肯，切题”；up to a point “在一定程度上”。句意：我觉得这个主题很难，我曾经想放弃；但是你的指导清晰又切题，我已经成功获得一张我们都认为非常漂亮的画，尽管没有你的优雅。选项C符合题意。9. 单选题We have been told that under no circumstances（ ） the telephone in the office for personal affairs.问题1选项A.may we useB.we may useC.we could useD.did we use【答案】A【解析】考查倒装句。under no circumstances后面要用部分倒装，即将助动词提前至主语前面，选项A符合题意。10. 单选题As a teenager, I was（ ）by a blind passion for a slim star I would never meet in my life.问题1选项A.pursuedB.seducedC.consumedD.guaranteed【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。pursue “追求”；seduce “引诱”；consume “消费；使着迷”；guarantee “担保”。句意：作为一个年轻人，我痴迷于这位在生命中从未见过的苗条的明星。选项C符合题意。11. 翻译题世界上第一代博物馆属于自然博物馆，它是通过化石、标本等向人们介绍地球和各种 生物的演化历史。第二代博物馆属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果，这两代博物馆虽然起到了传播科学知识的作用，但是，它们把参观者当成了被动的旁观者。世界上第三代博物馆是充满全新理念的博物馆。在这里，观众可以自己动手去操作，自己细心体察。这样。他们可以更贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥秘。【答案】The first generation of museums is nature museum in the world, which shows people the evolution of the earth and the living things with fossils and samples specimen. The second generation of museums is museums of industrial technology, which show the stage effects of industrial civilization. These two museums play the role of spreading science and knowledge, but the visitors are treated as passive spectators.The third generation of museums is museums of total new ideas, where the visitors can operate the displayed objects and observe everything carefully. In this way, they are more close to the advanced technology and are able to explore the secrets of science and technology.12. 单选题Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.问题1选项A.They can predict future events.B.They have no special meanings.C.They have cultural connotations.D.They cannot be easily explained.问题2选项A.It was canceled due to bad weather.B.She overslept and missed the flight.C.She dreamed of a plane crash.D.It was postponed to the following day.问题3选项A.They can be affected by peoples childhood experiences.B.They may sometimes seem ridiculous to a rational mind.C.They usually result from peoples unpleasant memories.D.They can have an impact as great as rational thinking.问题4选项A.They call for scientific methods to interpret.B.They mirror their long-cherished wishes.C.They reflect their complicated emotions.D.They are often related to irrational feelings.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C【解析】Conversation TwoM: 5 Do you think dreams hav