2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第8期

2022年考博英语-苏州大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Roman literature never ceased to （ ）influence in the Middle Ages, and this influence became much greater in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries when more Roman works became known.问题1选项A.exertB.practiceC.resistD.stage【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。exert “运用，发挥，施以影响”；practice “练习”；resist “拒绝”；stage “举行，上演”。句意：罗马文学在中世纪的影响从未停止，这种影响在14和15世纪，当更多的罗马作品被了解后，这种影响变得更大。选项A符合题意。2. 单选题This week in Japan, some 10, 000（1） from across the globe will meet to examine what, for many of the worlds poorest people, are issues of life and death. At sessions in Kyoto, Shiga and Osaka, the 3rd World Water Forum will （2）a crisis that currently forces more than one billion people to （3） sources contaminated with human waste, and leaves countless millions more with insufficient supplies to （4） their crops, or to spur industrial development. The meeting is the culmination of the International Year of Freshwater 2003, declared by the United Nations to （5） awareness of the worsening state of the worlds water resources.（6）that goal, the forum could hardly have been held at a less opportune moment. Events in Iraq may limit media（7） of the 3rd World Water Forum to mere footnote status. “Our discussions will have far more effect on humankind in the twenty-first century than the current crisis in the Middle East,” claims William Cosgrove, vice-president of the World Water Council, a think-tank dedicated to （8） water resources. But the forums organizers must know that there is little hope of gaining firm（9） from nations that are （10） war.问题1选项A.delegatesB.dedicatesC.dictatorsD.decision-makers问题2选项A.spotlightB.highlightC.brightenD.show问题3选项A.make use ofB.eat withC.drink fromD.grope for问题4选项A.plantB.cultivateC.transplantD.water问题5选项A.realizeB.achieveC.gainD.raise问题6选项A.ForB.But forC.GivenD.Giving问题7选项A.coverB.coveringC.coverageD.discover问题8选项A.improveB.improvingC.promoteD.promoting问题9选项A.commitmentsB.commitmentC.promisesD.promise问题10选项A.focusing withB.focused withC.focusing onD.focused on【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D第6题:C第7题:C第8题:B第9题:A第10题:D【解析】（1）名词词义辨析。delegate “代表”；dedicate “致力，动词”；dictator “独裁者”；decision-makers “决策者”。根据句子结构，可知空格填入一个名词，选项B可排除。句意：本周在日本，来自世界各地的约一万名代表将齐聚一堂，探讨对世界上许多最贫穷的人来说，什么是生死攸关的问题。选项A符合题意。（2）动词词义辨析。spotlight “聚焦”；highlight “突出，强调”；brighten “使明亮”；show “展示，出示”。句意：在京都、志贺和大阪的会议上，第三节水资源大会将强调一场危机。选项B符合题意。（3）词汇辨析。make use of “使用，利用”；drink from “从喝”；grope for “探索”；eat with “用吃”。句意：目前迫使超过10亿人饮用被人类废弃物污染的水源。选项C符合题意。（4）动词词义辨析。Plant “种植”；cultivate “培养，培育”；transplant “移植，迁移”；water “浇水”。句意：这使得数以百万计的人没有足够的水来灌溉他们的庄稼，或者刺激工业发展。选项D符合题意。（5）动词词义辨析。realize “意识到，认识到”；achieve “实现，达到”；gain “获得，增加”；raise “提高，提升”。句意：提高对世界水资源日益恶化状况的认识。选项D符合题意。（6）语法题。Given引导条件状语从句，表鉴于、出于。句意：鉴于这一目标，本会议几乎不可能在不合时宜的时候举行。选项C符合题意。（7）固定搭配。Media coverage “媒体报道”。句意：伊拉克事件可能会将媒体对第三届世界水资源会议的报道限制在脚注地位。选项C符合题意。（8）语法题。Dedicate to后接名词或动名词形式，因为to为介词。选项A和C可排除。Improve “改善”；promote “促进，提升”。句意：致力于改善水资源。选项B符合题意。（9）词汇辨析。Promise和commitment都有承诺的意思，但promise用于口语中，随意一些，commitment用于正式语中，更加正式。选项C和D可排除。又因为空格后的nations为复数，所以commitment也应该保持一致。选项A符合题意。（10）固定搭配。Be focused on “集中注意力”，没有be focused with搭配，选项A和B可排除。句意：但是，该论坛的组织者必须知道，从关注战争的国家那里获得坚定承诺的希望微乎其微。选项D符合题意。3. 单选题The ascent to the mountain is （ ） but anyone who makes it to the top is rewarded by a spectacular view.问题1选项A.helpfulB.assiduousC.arduousD.unique【答案】C【解析】形容词词义辨析。helpful “有帮助的”；assiduous “刻苦的，勤勉的”；arduous “努力的，费力的”；unique “特别的”。句意：登到山顶是艰苦的，但任何成功登顶的人都会欣赏到壮观的景色。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Science has long had an uneasy relationship with other aspects of culture. Think of Galileos 17th century trial for his rebelling belief before the Catholic Church or poet William Blakes harsh remarks against the mechanistic worldview of Isaac Newton. The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.Until recently, the scientific community was so powerful that it could afford to ignore its critics- but no longer. As funding for science has declined, scientists have attacked “antiscience” in several books, notably Higher Superstition, by Paul R. Gross, a biologist at the University of Virginia, and Norman Levitt, a mathematician at Rutgers University; and The Demon-Haunted World by Carl Sagan of Cornell University.Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as “The Flight from Science and Reason，” held in New York City in 1995, and “Science in the Age of (Mis) information,” which assembled last June near Buffalo.Antiscience clearly means different things to different people. Gross and Levitt find fault primarily with sociologists，philosophers and other academics who have questioned sciences objectivity. Sagan is more concerned with those who believe in ghosts, creationism and other phenomena that contradict the scientific worldview.A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.Few would dispute that the term applies to the Unabomber, whose manifesto, published in 1995, scorns science and longs for return to a pre-technological utopia. But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & Worm Report last May seemed to suggest.The environmentalists, inevitably, respond to such critics. The true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrlich of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.Indeed, some observers fear that the antiscience epithet is in danger of becoming meaningless. “The term antiscience can lump together too many, quite different things,” notes Harvard University philosopher Gerald Holton in his 1993 work Science and Anti-Science. “They have in common only one thing that they tend to annoy or threaten those who regard themselves as more enlightened?”1.The word “schism” (Line 3, Paragraph 1) in the context probably means （ ）.2.Paragraph 2 and 3 are written to （ ）.3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?4.The authors attitude toward the issue of “science vs. antiscience is （ ）.问题1选项A.confrontationB.dissatisfactionC.separationD.contempt问题2选项A.discuss the cause of the decline of sciences powerB.show the authors sympathy with scientistsC.explain the way in which science developsD.exemplify the division of science and the humanities问题3选项A.Environmentalists were blamed for antiscience in an essay.B.Politicians are not subject to the labeling of antiscience.C.The “more enlightened” tend to tag others as antiscience.D.Tagging environmentalists as “antiscience” is justifiable.问题4选项A.impartialB.subjectiveC.biasedD.puzzling【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章，“The schism between science and the humanities has, if anything, deepened in this century.”，可知本世纪，科学和人文学科之间的分歧如果说有什么不同的话，那就是分歧加深了。可判断出schism意为分歧，分裂。confrontation “分歧，面对”； dissatisfaction “不满”； separation “分离，分开”； contempt “轻视，蔑视”。文中是指科学与文化之间不和谐的关系，属于同一领域两个方面的分离。选项C符合题意。2.推断题。文章第二三段，运用大量例子进一步说明了科学与人文之间的分歧，如Higher Superstition，The Demon-Haunted World和The Flight from Science and Reason都是作者给出的例子。可推断出作者在二三段主要是为了例证科学和人文学科之间的分歧。选项D符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第六段，“But surely that does not mean environmentalists concerned about uncontrolled industrial growth are antiscience, as an essay in US News & Worm Report last May seemed to suggest.”，可知这当然并不意味着担心工业发展失控的环保主义者是反科学的，正如去年五月份美国新闻与世界报道上的一篇文章所言。可判断出在一篇文章中，环保主义者被指责反科学。选项A符合题意。4.作者态度题。作者在文中提到科学与文化之间存在分歧，并对此进行了例证。作者认为科学家对于分歧的抨击要合理分析，不能一直持反对意见，如果理由充分恰当就是可取的。可判断出作者的态度是不偏袒的，公正的。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题His statements today are （ ） what he said yesterday.问题1选项A.in favor withB.in contradiction withC.in contact withD.in league with【答案】B【解析】词组辨析。In favor with “受好评”；in contradiction with “与相抵触”；in contact with “与有联系”；in league with “与联合”。句意：他今天的陈述与昨天的话语相抵触。选项B符合题意。6. 单选题In the spring of 2010, fiscal austerity became fashionable. I use the term advisedly: the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis. It was more like a fad, something everyone professed to believe because that was what the in-crowd was saying.And its a fad that has been fading lately, as evidence has accumulated that the lessons of the past remain relevant, that trying to balance budgets in the face of high unemployment and falling inflation is still a really bad idea. Most notably, the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment because it reassures consumers and businesses; but multiple studies of historical record, including one by the International Monetary Fund, have shown that this claim has no basis in reality.No widespread fad ever passes, however, without leaving some fashion victims in its wake. In this case, the victims are the people of Britain, who have the misfortune to be ruled by a government that took office at the height of the austerity fad and wont admit that it was wrong. Britain, like America, is suffering from the aftermath of a housing and debt bubble. Its problems are compounded by Londons role as an international financial center: Britain came to rely on too much on profits from wheeling and dealing to drive its economy-and on financial-industry tax payments to pay for government programs.Over-reliance on the financial industry largely explains why Britain, which came into the crisis with relatively low public debt, has seen its budget deficit soar to 11 percent of GD.P. - slightly worse than the U.S. deficit. And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases. The operative word here should, however, be “eventually.” Fiscal austerity will depress the economy further unless it can be offset by a fall in interest rates. Right now, interest rates in Britain, as in America, are already very low, with little room to fall further. The sensible thing, then, is to devise a plan for putting the nations fiscal house in order, while waiting until a solid economic recovery is under way before wielding the ax.But trendy fashion, almost by definition, isnt sensible-and the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history. Both the new British budget announced on Wednesday and the rhetoric that accompanied the announcement might have come straight from the desk of Andrew Mellon, the Treasury secretary who told President Herbert Hoover to fight the Depression by liquidating the farmers, liquidating the workers, and driving down wages. Or if you prefer more British precedents, it echoes the Snowden budget of 1931, which tried to restore confidence but ended up deepening the economic crisis.The British governments plan is bold, say the pundits-and so it is. But it boldly goes in exactly the wrong direction. It would cut government employment by 490,000 workers-the equivalent of almost three million layoffs in the United States-at a time when the private sector is in no position to provide alternative employment. It would slash spending at a time when private demand isnt at all ready to take up the slack. Why is the British government doing this? The real reason has a lot to do with ideology: the Tories are using the deficit as an excuse to downsize the welfare state. But the official rationale is that there is no alternative.What happens now? Maybe Britain will get lucky, and something will come along to rescue the economy. But the best guess is that Britain in 2011 will look like Britain in 1931, or the United States in 1937, or Japan in 1997. That is, premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slump. As always, those who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.1.The “fiscal austerity” refers to （ ）.2.By saying “the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth”，the author means （ ）.3.What is wrong with the current governments financial policy?4.By mentioning Andrew Mellon, the author implies that （ ）.5.To the author, the practice of fiscal austerity will certainly lead to （ ）.问题1选项A.the consensus among financial advisersB.the reduction in expenditureC.the severe economic recessionD.the high inflation rate问题2选项A.balancing budgets does not help with employmentB.businesses have not improved their operationC.reducing budgets is no longer a fad nowD.falling inflation has given consumers confidence问题3选项A.It cuts financial-industry tax payments.B.It ignores Britains financial situation.C.It has launched Britain into another slump.D.It is made as a response to crises in America.问题4选项A.the American leaders have made the same mistakeB.the Treasury secretary ignored the interests of the farmers and workersC.the British governments budget plan is seriously wrongD.the American leaders give substantial support to their British counterparts问题5选项A.an unexpected recoveryB.improved employmentC.renewed confidenceD.a repeated recession【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.词义理解题。根据文章第一段，“the sudden consensus among Very Serious People that everyone must balance budgets now wasnt based on any kind of careful analysis.”，可知第一句中的fiscal austerity等同于这里的balance budgets。严肃人士之间突然达成的共识是，现在每个人都必须平衡预算，而这种共识并不是基于任何仔细的分析。所以平衡预算需要缩减开支，选项B符合题意。2.推断题。根据文章第二段，“the confidence fairy has been exposed as a myth. There have been widespread claims that deficit-cutting actually reduces unemployment”，可知自信的神话变成了一种虚构。用来暗示财政紧缩政策并没有帮助经济恢复，而财政赤字实际上能降低失业率，并且在第二段中用大量的事实说明了财政紧缩政策并没带来实际作用。可推断出财政紧缩政策对提高就业率并没有产生帮助。选项A符合题意。3.推断题。根据文章第四段，“And theres no question that Britain will eventually need to balance its books with spending cuts and tax increases.”，可知毫无疑问，英国最终将需要通过削减开支和增加税收来平衡收支。可推断出削减金融业的税收的财政政策是错误的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“the British government seems determined to ignore the lessons of history.”，可知英国政府似乎忽视了历史的教训。下文用Andrew Mellon的荒谬政策加深经济危机的例子来进一步说明英国政府的平衡收支计划是错误的，忽视了历史教训。选项C符合题意。5.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“premature fiscal austerity will lead to a renewed economic slumpthose who refuse to learn from the past are doomed to repeat it.”，可知过早的财政紧缩将导致新一轮的经济衰退，拒绝吸取历史教训的人注定要重蹈覆辙。可判断出作者认为财政紧缩的做法肯定会导致经济衰退重蹈覆辙。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic（官僚主义的）management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, Nell-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations” experts; yet all this oiling does not alter the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management. The worker and employee age anxious, not only because they might find themselves out of a job; they are anxious also because they unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interesting life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary hut even more a matter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From the moment on they are tested again and again- - by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who judge their behavior, sociability, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the preindustrial mode of production or to nineteenth-century “free enterprise” capitalism? Certainly not. Problems are never solved by returning to a stage which one has already outgrown. I suggest transforming our social system form a bureaucratically managed industrialism in which maximal production and consumption are ends in themselves into a humanist industrialism in which man and foil development of his potentialities those of all love and of reasonare the aims of social arrangements. Production and consumption should serve only as means to this end, and should be prevented from ruling man.1.By “a well-oiled cog in the machinery” the author intends to deliver the idea that man is （ ）.2.The real cause of the anxiety of the workers and employees is that （ ）.3.From the passage we can conclude that real happiness of life belongs to those （ ）.4.To solve the present social problems the author puts forward a suggestion that we should （ ）.5.The authors attitude towards industrialism might best be summarized as one of （ ）.问题1选项A.a necessary part of the society though each individuals function is negligibleB.working in complete harmony with the rest of the societyC.an unimportant part in comparison with the rest of the societyD.a humble component of the society, especially when working smoothly问题2选项A.they are likely to lose their jobsB.they have no genuine satisfaction or interest in lifeC.they are faced with the fundamental realities of human existenceD.they are deprived of their individuality and independence问题3选项A.who are at the bottom of the societyB.who are higher up in their social statusC.who prove better than their fellow - competitorsD.who could dip far away from this competitive world问题4选项A.resort to the production mode of our ancestorsB.offer higher wages to the workers and employeesC.enable man to fully develop his potentialitiesD.take the fundamental realities for granted问题5选项A.approvalB.dissatisfactionC.suspicionD.susceptibility【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:D第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“In general, our society is becoming one of giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small, well-oiled cog in the machinery.”，可知总的来说，我们的社会正在变成一个由官僚主义管理下的大型企业，在这种管理下，人成了机器上一个小小的、润滑的机械化齿轮。可判断出作者认为与社会其他部分相比，人是一个不重要的部分。选项C符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and productive human beings.”，可知他们从生到死从来没有面对过人类作为情感和智力独立和有生产力的人存在的基本现实。可判断出工人和雇员焦虑的真正原因是他们被剥夺了个性和独立性。选项D符合题意。3.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates.”，可知社会地位较高的人也同样焦虑。他们的生活和他们的下属一样空虚。可判断地位高的人和地位低的人都同样焦虑，选项A和B可排除。根据文章第二段，“This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellowcompetitor creates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.”，可知这种不断地证明自己与竞争对手一样优秀或比对手更好的需要，造成了不断的焦虑和压力，而这些正是不快乐和疾病的根源。选项C可排除。选项D符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“I