2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第69期

2022年考博英语-浙江大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The company is on the verge of bankruptcy, and thousands of jobs are at（ ）.问题1选项A.dangerB.lossC.threatD.stake【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。at loss困惑不解；at stake凶吉难卜；选项A和C通常不和at搭配。句意：这家公司濒临破产，成千上万的工作岗位岌岌可危。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题A poor man has to（ ）many things which a rich man regards as almost necessaries in life.问题1选项A.go throughB.go withoutC.go overD.go about【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。go through通过，仔细检查；go without没有也行，常指被迫如此；go over复习；go about着手做。句意：穷人没有那些富人认为是生活中必不可少的东西也能活。选项B符合句意。3. 单选题The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her （ ）attitude toward customers.问题1选项A.straightforwardB.partialC.favorableD.hostile【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。straightforward坦率的，明确的；partial偏爱的；favorable喜爱的；hostile敌对的，不友善的。句意：因为女销售员对顾客的态度不友善，经理投去了责备的目光。选项D符合句意。4. 单选题His birthday was（ ）in a big hotel and attended by about 200 people.问题1选项A.inspectedB.installedC.celebratedD.interfered【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。根据句意可知句中是指庆祝生日，所以选项C正确。inspect调查，检查；install安装；interfere干涉，妨碍。5. 单选题There was no light on the way and for a second she hesitated, unable to（ ） the dim figure awaiting her.问题1选项A.set outB.make outC.pick upD.clear up【答案】B【解析】set out开始，出发，陈述；make out理解，认出；pick up捡起，获得；clear up整理，打扫。句意：路上没有灯光，她犹豫了一会儿，无法辨认出那个等待着她的模糊身影。选项B符合句意。6. 单选题At the last committee meeting, the motion that the club（ ）open until midnight was defeated.问题1选项A.remainsB.remainC.remainedD.would remain【答案】B【解析】虚拟语气。motion表示提议、建议，后面要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，所以本题选B。7. 单选题The defence lawyer was questioning the old man who was one of the （ ）of the murder committed last month.问题1选项A.witnessesB.audiencesC.viewersD.observers【答案】A【解析】句意：辩护律师正在询问上个月谋杀案的目击者之一的老人。witnesses表示目击者，符合句意。8. 单选题Everyone experiences fear during major crisis such as fires, automobile accidents, etc. Some people even feel very nervous when they fly in airplanes. No matter how hard they try, they cannot lower their anxiety. Some of them enjoy talking about their fears while others resent being asked to discuss their personal feelings. Many are aware that they feel anxious but only a few are conscious of the way they express their tension. Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.A number of factors can be mentioned as important in explaining why some people have a fear of flying: early childhood experiences, general sense of security, fear of heights, trust in others, percentage of alcohol in blood, etc. The memory of a bad experience can sometimes trigger the same fear caused by that experience. Thus, a child might be frightened by the sight of a dog even though he is safe, merely because he once had a bad experience with a dog. A bad experience can be the cue that triggers our fears. But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.Usually we are able to suppress our feelings so that they do not affect our behavior. But sometimes the tension produced by our fears is so great that we cannot suppress it. At such time we need to discharge the tension by laughing or crying. By smiling foolishly and talking loudly, we are able to repress the rising feeling of fear so that it does not affect the way we behave.Because it is necessary to recognize a problem before it can be solved, admitting that we are afraid is an integral part of the process of mastering our fears.1.To make someone the butt of jokes means（ ）.2.What is the positive purpose of peoples telling jokes?3.To master anxiety means（ ）4.According to the author, which of the following is the most important factor triggering the feeling fear?5.According to the concluding paragraph, what is essential to go through the process of mastering ones fears?问题1选项A.to make someone become the object of jokesB.to force someone to enjoy jokesC.to entitle someone to tell jokesD.to offend someone by jokes问题2选项A.To show ones sense of humor.B.To control ones own fears.C.To disguise their anxiety.D.To attack others.问题3选项A.to be familiar with tensionB.to hold back the feeling of uneasinessC.to conquer the feeling of nervousnessD.to be good at the subject of anxiety问题4选项A.The fear of heights.B.Early childhood experience.C.The general sense of security.D.A feeling of no control.问题5选项A.To be conscious of the way of mastering fears.B.To repress the rising feeling of fear.C.To admit the feeling of fears.D.To control ones feelings.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.语义题。根据第一段的倒数二三句“Some people try to hide their nervousness: they try to disguise their anxiety by telling jokes. Others become loud and aggressive, attacking people by making them the butt of cruel jokes. ”有些人试图通过讲笑话来掩饰他们的焦虑；另一些人则吵闹和好斗，攻击别人的方法是使人成为被取笑的对象。所以the butt of jokes指：被人取笑的对象。选项A符合原文。2.细节归纳题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”有时让别人成为笑话的对象是为了控制自己的恐惧控制焦虑。选项B符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第一段的最后一句“Sometimes making someone else the target of jokes is an attempt to control ones own fears to master anxiety.”可知选项C符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第二段最后一句“But the crucial factor seems to be a feeling of no control.”可知选项D符合原文。5.根据最后一段的内容可知：在问题得以解决之前，有必要认识它，承认我们害怕是控制恐惧过程中不可分割的一部分。选项C符合原文。9. 单选题Its disturbing to note how many of crimes we do know about were detected（ ）, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures.问题1选项A.by accidentB.on scheduleC.in generalD.at intervals【答案】A【解析】by accident偶然，意外地；on schedule按时；in general通常，一般而言，总之；at intervals不时。句意：令人不安的是，我们所知道的许多罪行都是偶然发现的，而不是通过系统的检查或其他安全程序发现的。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题Very few scientists（ ）with a completely new answer to the worlds problem.问题1选项A.come onB.come upC.come inD.come round【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。come up with 提出，想出。故答案为B。come on快点，开始；come around苏醒，恢复知觉；come in流行。只有选项B可以和with搭配。句意：很少有科学家能对这个世界的问题给出一个全新的答案。11. 单选题According to Scott Adams, creator of the comic strip （系列漫画）Dilbert, the annual performance review is “one of the most frightening and weakening experiences” in every employees life. Adams stories and comic figures poke fun at the workplace, but his characterization of peoples feelings about the annual performance review has its serious side. Although a recent study of 437 companies indicates that effective annual performance reviews can help raise profits, most employees of those companies hate them.In theory, annual performance reviews are constructive and positive interactions between managers and employees working together to attain maximum performance and strengthen the organization. In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and jealousy. Thus although the object of the annual performance review is to improve performance, it often has the opposite result. A programmer at an IT firm was stunned to learn at her annual performance review that she was denied a promotion because she wasnt a “term player”. What were the data used to make this judgment? She didnt smile in the company photo.Although this story might sound as if it came straight out of Dilbert, it is a true account of one womans experience. By following a few ideas and guidelines from industry analysis, this kind of ordeal can be avoided:To end the year with a positive and useful performance review, managers and employees must start the year by working together to establish clear goals and expectations.It may be helpful to allow employees to propose a list of people associated with the company who will be in a good position to assess their performance at the end of the year; these people may be coworkers, suppliers, or even customers.Goals should be measurable but flexible, and everyone should sign off on the plan.By checking employees progress at about nine months, managers can give them a chance to correct mistakes and provide guidance to those who need it before the year is out.When conducting the review, managers should highlight strengths and weaknesses during the past year and discuss future responsibilities, avoiding punishment or blame.In short, when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead, not worrying about what went into their files about the past.1.In his comic strip Dilbert, Scott Adams（ ）.2.All the following are mentioned as the drawbacks of annual performance reviews EXCEPT（）3.The word ordeal in Paragraph 3 probably refers to（）.4.The annual performance reviews, to be effective must focus on（ ）.5.The general attitude of the author toward Adams comic strip Dilbert is（）.问题1选项A.makes fun of working peopleB.tells a story about as woman employeeC.promotes team spirit among co-workersD.mocks annual performance reviews问题2选项A.reducing efficiencyB.creating tensionC.undermining moraleD.inducing anger问题3选项A.likelihood of promotionB.depressive experienceC.poor performanceD.unrealistic expectation问题4选项A.making employees aware of their companys future goalsB.involving employees in assessing their own performanceC.encouraging employees to achieve better future performanceD.highlighting what responsibilities employees have failed in问题5选项A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.unclear【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:B第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节推理题。根据关键词“Scott Adams”定位到第一段的第二句。“Adams stories and comic figures . the annual performance review has its serious side.”Adams的故事和喜剧形象嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。选项D符合原文。2.细节判断题。根据第二段第二句“In reality, they often create division, undermine morale, and spark anger and jealousy.”只有选项A没有提及，所以本题选A。3.结合上下文句意可知，“ordeal”指上文提到的IT公司一位女程序员的痛苦经历。选项B正确。4.根据最后一段“when employees leave their performance reviews, they should be focusing on what they can do better in the year ahead.”当员工把绩效评估放在一旁时，他们应该关注来年能够更好的完成什么。选项C符合原文。5.根据第一段可知，Adams的漫画嘲讽了工作场合，但对员工关于年度绩效评估感受的描绘也有其严肃的一面。再根据第二段可知，作者认为年度绩效评估会带来反作用，所以作者对Adams漫画的态度是积极的，支持的。12. 翻译题五年前，如果一个中国大学生打算入伍当兵的话，那可是需要很多勇气的。可今天，越来越多的大学生选择入伍当兵，这可要归功于部队对高级人才的要求，以及鼓励大学生入伍当兵的新政策。24岁的小周是金融专业的毕业生，也是一个将目光转向部队以求发展的年轻人。这个月初，他刚刚通过了征召入伍的体检。“我希望通过部队的严格训练强身健体，锻炼心志。我不担心入伍后我的事业发展，相反，我倒认为入伍参军本身就对事业发展很有好处。”随着现代战争和军事计划越来越需要复杂的技术和操纵能力，现代化部队急需受过良好教育的人才来完全掌握复杂的装备。据北京征兵办公室消息，和2001年北京首次征召大学生入伍相比，大学生入伍比率从0.1 %提升到60%。学士以上的学位有助申请入伍的成功率，如果你具有某些特别领域的知识，就更有优势。譬如，各国之间军事交流中需要语言能力，语言专业的人就很有优势，电子通讯或电子学是未来军事竞争的关键领域，对这类人才的需求也很高。为了吸引更多的高素质人才入伍，有关大学毕业生征召的宣传和奖励计划一直在进行。事实上，这种入伍的经历很有意义，可以开阔视野，也可以让你有更多时间思考自己未来的事业，以及是否愿意投身部队。【答案】If a Chinese college student intended to enlist as a soldier in the army, it took a lot of courage five years ago. But today, more and more college students choose to become an army soldier due to the needs of the armies for senior talents, as well as the new policies encouraging students to join the army.24 -year-old Zhou, as finance major, is also turning his attention to the force in order to seek his own development. Earlier this month, he just passed the physical examination of the call to army. “I hope a stocky body and a strong mind can be gained by the thorough training of the force. Im not bothered about my career development after joining the army; on the contrary, I think it benefits to my career development. ”Modern armies badly need the well-educated people to complete the complicated equipment, as the modern warfare and the military plans increasingly need complex technique and operational capability. It is the conscription office stated that comparing with firstly enlisting recruits from college students in 2001, the enrollees from university graduates increase from 0.1% to 60% in Beijing. Bachelor or above will be useful for the successful application of the recruitment. You will have more advantages if you maintain the knowledge in some specific field. For example, the person of language major has a big advantage due to the need of the language competence for the military exchanges. The qualified person from electronic communications or electronics which represent a key field of the future military competition has a high demand.In order to attract more high-quality talents to join the army, publicity and rewards program have been engaging in the college graduates being called up. In fact, this is meaningful, which broadens your horizons, leaves more time for mapping out your whole future career as well as whether or not to be willing to engage in the forces.13. 单选题Many of these companies moved to the Inland South to take ( ) of the lower wages and the lack of strong labor unions in the region.问题1选项A.profitB.advantageC.favorD.adventure【答案】B【解析】take advantage of为固定搭配，意为利用。句意：许多这样的公司搬到南方内陆地区，以利用当地工资较低和缺乏强有力的工会的优势。选项B符合句意。14. 翻译题现代城市对人类的悲剧性影响在于它扼杀了人类的美感。一个富足社会的物质利益使人们的注意力从城市和文化的底蕴转移到科技产品上：洗衣机、中央供暖、自动炊具、电视机、电脑和尺寸形状恰好的地毯。此时此刻，他们沉醉在民主、小康、有车开的幸福中，生活从来没有这么好。他们不愿意走路。统计表明：他们把从停车场到购物中心的距离设计得很短，由于没有足够的远离街道的停车设施，城市到处都是在马路随便停靠的汽车和停车计价表。拥挤成为影响环境的主要因素，从统计中看出：每个家庭拥有两辆车的状况会使事情更糟。同时，“地价”带来的不仅是伤害，还有侮辱。土地的价值缘于它的用途，它的收入来自它提供的服务。当它的用途被加强，它的收入和价值也就增加。“充分合理利用土地”成为城市发展主要经济标准。这种投机的方法和人口增长带来的压力导致了城市的“垂直”上升，人们也不得不适应这种拥挤来维持这些相对虚假的土地价值。荒谬的是试图消除拥挤的良方就是创造更多的拥挤。部分的分散，或者叫虚假的分散，在远离传统市镇中心的地方大片开发，只是把疾病转移到市镇的周边。如果没有和市镇交通系统重建相结合起来的话，就无法治愈。对于这一点，铺设复杂的十字路口的必要性强烈影响工程解决办法，反过来，又被夸张的地价挫败。【答案】The tragic influence of modern cities on human beings is that they kill the beauty of human beings. The material benefits of an affluent society divert attention from the city and its cultural heritage to technological products: washing machines, central heating, automatic cookers, televisions, computers and floor coverings of the right size and shape. At this moment, they are intoxicated in democracy, well-off, car happiness, life has never been so good.They are unwilling to walk. Statistics show that they have designed a short distance from the parking lot to the center of shopping. Since there are not enough parking facilities far away from the street, the city is full of cars and parking meters randomly parked on the street. Crowding has become a major factor in the environment, and by all accounts, having two cars per family makes things worse.At the same time, “land price” brings not only hurt, but also insult. Land is valued for its use, and its income comes from the services it provides. When its use is strengthened, its income and value increase. “Make full and reasonable use of land” became the main economic standard of urban development. This speculative approach and the pressures of population growth have led to a “vertical” rise in cities, and people have had to adapt to the crowding to maintain these relatively false land values. Paradoxically, the best way to try to eliminate congestion is to create more.Partial dispersions, or false dispersions, develop large tracts of land far from the traditional town center, merely moving disease to the periphery of the town. There is no cure if it is not combined with the reconstruction of the towns transport system. To this end, the necessity of laying complex intersections strongly influences engineering solutions, which in turn are frustrated by exaggerated land prices.15. 单选题The another of the book has shown his remarkable keen（ ）into human nature.问题1选项A.intellectB.insightC.perceptionD.understanding【答案】B【解析】固定搭配。intellect智力，理解力；insight洞察力；perception知觉，感觉，也有洞察力的意思，但通常与of搭配；understanding理解力。选项中, 只有insight后接介词into，所以本题选B。句意：这本书的另一篇展现了他非凡的对人性敏锐的洞察力。16. 单选题Do we need laws that prevent us from running risks with our lives? If so, then perhaps laws are needed prohibiting the sale of cigarettes and alcoholic drinks. Both products have been known to kill people. The hazards of drinking too much alcohol are as bad as or worse than the hazards of smokingtoo many cigarettes. All right then, lets pass a law closing the liquor stores and the bars in this country. Lets put an end once and for all to the ruinous disease from which as many as 10 million Americans currently suffer alcoholism.But wait. Weve already tried that. For 13 years, between 1920 and 1933, there were no liquor stores anywhere in the United States. They were shut down abolished by an amendment to the Constitution and by a law of Congress. After January 20, 1920, there was supposed to be no more manufacturing, selling, or transporting of “intoxicating liquors”. Without any more liquor, people could not drink it. And if they did not drink it, how could they get drunk? There would be no more dangers to the public welfare from drunkenness and alcoholism. It was all very logical. And yet prohibition of liquor, beer, and wine did not work. Why?Because, law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks to get it. They were not about to change their tastes and habits just because of a change in the law. And gangs of liquor smugglers made it easy to buy an illegal drinkor two or three. They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican borders. Drinkers were likely to know of an illegal bar that served Mexican or Canadian liquor. Crime and drunkenness were both supposed to decline as a result of prohibition. Instead, people drank more alcohol than ever often poisoned alcohol.On December 5, 1933, they removed Prohibition by approving the 21st Amendment to the Constitution.1. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic reason for the proposal of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution and the Volstead Act?2.During Prohibition, illegal alcohol was（ ）.3.During Prohibition, people（ ）.4.When enacting the prohibition law, government officials assumed that（ ）.5.It can be inferred from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.There would be no further danger to the public from alcoholism.B.There would be a rise in the cost of alcoholic beverages.C.Without liquor, people would not drink.D.People would not become drunk of create a public nuisance.问题2选项A.sold openlyB.no longer a temptationC.a major factor in the passage of the Volstead ActD.brought across the Mexican and Canadian borders问题3选项A.lived in fear of the lawB.were willing to risk arrest for the pleasure of liquorC.recklessly endangered their communitiesD.were respectful of the legal sanctions placed on them问题4选项A.every American would buy alcohol illegallyB.all criminal activities would ceaseC.patrols of the Canadian border would halt the sale of alcoholD.the social threat from drunkenness would decline问题5选项A.the Congress was wise to repeal ProhibitionB.the Prohibition Era was characterized by a decrease in crime and drunkennessC.during Prohibition, most Americans stopped drinkingD.laws should be passed to ban the sale of alcoholic beverages【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节判断题。根据第二段的内容可知, 选项A、C、D在本段均有提及, 只有选项B没有提及。2.细节判断题。根据第三段的第五句“They smuggled millions of gallons of the outlawed beverages across the Canadian and Mexican boarders.”可知，非法酒类是通过墨西哥及加拿大的边境走私而来的，所以选项D符合原文。3.细节判断题。根据第三段的一二句“law or no law, millions of people still liked to drink alcohol. And they were willing to take risks of getting it.”选项B符合原文。4.细节判断题。根据第三段的倒数第二句“Crime