2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第197期

2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Between about 1910 and 1930, new artistic movements in European art were making themselves felt in the United States. American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t （named after its address on Fifth Avenue） of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters.Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. Compared with the works of the realist painters, the works of American modernists were much further removed from the actual appearance of the city; they were more interested in the “feel” of the city，more concerned with the meaning behind appearance. However, both the painters of the “Ash Can School”and the later realists were still tied to nineteenth-century or earlier styles, while the early modernists shared in the international breakthroughs of the art of the twentieth century.The greatest of these breakthroughs was Cubism, developed most fully in France between 1907 and 1914, which brought about a major revolution in Western painting. It overturned the rational tradition that had been built upon since the Renaissance, In Cubism, natural forms were broken down analytically into geometric shapes. No longer was a clear differentiation made between the figure and the background of a painting; the objects represented and the surface on which they were painted became one. The Cubists abandoned the conventional single vantage point of the viewer, and objects depicted from multiple viewpoints were shown at the same time.1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?2. It can be inferred from the passage that European art trends probably affected United States art most during which of the following years?3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a means through which American artists learned about new movements?4. Why does the author mention Alfred Stieglitz?5. According to the author, which of the following was a favorite subject for American modernists?问题1选项A.The development of Cubism.B.Modern art movements in the United Sates.C.Contemporary artists in the United States.D.The influence of photography on landscape painters.问题2选项A.1901B.1908C.1913D.1936问题3选项A.Lessons from successful artists.B.The exhibitions at the gallery “291”.C.Trips to Europe.D.The Armory Show of 1913.问题4选项A.To demonstrate that photography was the major influence in modern art.B.To compare him to other artists of the time.C.To point out that many artist learned their craft by studying with him.D.To give an example of someone who had an influence on modern art.问题5选项A.Portraits of famous people.B.Country scenes.C.Pictures of buildings interiors.D.City landscapes.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.本文第一句话就点明了“从1910年到1930年，欧洲艺术的新运动开始在美国产生影响。”本文主要讲述了现代艺术运动在美国的兴起到高潮，从纽约画廊的启发到立体派的重大突破，都是围绕美国的现代艺术运动而展开的，故本文的主题就是美国的现代艺术运动。故B项正确。.2主旨大意题。由第一段“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, in which the works of many of the leading European artists were seen along with the works of a number of progressive American painters. 但是，对美国现代运动的传播最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览，在这次展览中，许多欧洲著名艺术家的作品和一些进步的美国画家的作品一起展出。可知影响最大的是发生在1913年的军械库展览。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. 美国艺术家在去巴黎的旅行中，在纽约著名的b291t画廊(以第五大道的地址命名)举办的摄影家Stieglitz的展览中，开始了解这种新的艺术。可知BC两项在文中有都有提及；D项在“But most important in the spread of the modern movements in the United States was the sensational Armory Show of 1913 held in New York, 但是，对现代运动在美国的传播最重要的是1913年在纽约举行的轰动一时的军械库展览”有提及。故只有A项没提到。4.推理判断题。由题干关键词Alfred Stieglitz 定位到第一段American artists became acquainted with the new alt on their trips to Paris and at the exhibitions in the famous New York gallery b291t (named after its address on Fifth Avenue) of the photographer Mired Stieglitz. 美国艺术家在去巴黎的旅行中，在纽约著名的b291t画廊(以第五大道的地址命名)举办的摄影家Stieglitz的展览中，开始了解这种新的艺术。可知Alfred Stieglitz是纽约画廊的摄影师，他是影响现代艺术运动的摄影家之一。故D项“举一个对现代艺术有影响的人的例子”正确。5.细节事实题。由第二段Several of the American modernists who were influenced by the Armory Show found the urban Landscape, especially New York, an appealing subject. 一些受军械库展览影响的美国现代主义者发现城市景观，尤其是纽约，是一个吸引人的主题。可知D项“城市风景”是美国现代主义者喜欢的主题。2. 单选题Someone who is（ ） usually says the opposite of what they really mean in order to insult someone.问题1选项A.artisticB.fantasticC.sarcasticD.romantic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。artistic“艺术的，风雅的”;fantastic“奇异的；不可思议的；极好的”; sarcastic“挖苦的；尖刻的”；romantic“浪漫的；多情的；空想的”。句意：那些尖酸刻薄的人经常说反话来侮辱别人。由后半句says the opposite of what they really mean in order to insult someone可知此空填贬义词，并且只有C项符合所描述的对象的特征，故C项正确。3. 单选题Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life.With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. He has transformed woodlands into farmland, and made lakes and reservoirs out of rivers for irrigation purpose or hydroelectric power. Man has also modified the face of the earth by draining marshes and cutting through mountains to build roads and railways. However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. Each day thousands of tons come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles; smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas and the surrounding areas of countryside. The air in cities is becoming increasingly unhealthy.The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea,pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae （水藻）, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. The same problem exists in rivers. Industrial wastes have already made many rivers lifeless.Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth.1. Man has changed his physical environment with a view to（ ）.2. According to the passage, pollution of the air and water is caused by（ ）.3. The ecological balance of the sea is lost when（ ）.4. Who would most probably disagree with conservationists?5. The purpose of the writer is（ ）.问题1选项A.altering the physical feature of the earthB.bettering his way of lifeC.improving his surroundingsD.modifying the face of the planet问题2选项A.thousands of tons of gases coming out of the exhausts of motor vehiclesB.the changes of the environment that technology has brought to manC.the increasing amount of oil that has been producedD.industrial wastes discharged into rivers问题3选项A.people consume more fish than they used toB.the ecological balance of the river is lostC.large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killedD.the production of marine petroleum is increased问题4选项A.Industrialists.B.Ecologists.C.Businessmen.D.Environmentalists.问题5选项A.to reduce modern technologyB.to improve mans way of lifeC.to warn people not to change the natural environmentD.to call attention to the protection of the natural environment【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Throughout history man has changed his physical environment in order to improve his way of life. 纵观历史，人类改变自然环境以改善生活方式。故B项正确。2.推理判断题。由第二段With the tools of technology he has altered many physical features of the earth. 借助科技工具，人类改变了地球的许多物理特征。以及 However, mans changes to physical environment have not always had beneficial results. Today, pollution of the air and water is an increasing danger to the health of the planet. 然而，人类对自然环境的改变并不总是带来有益的结果。今天，空气和水的污染对地球的健康造成越来越严重的威胁。可知水污染和空气污染是由于人类借助科技改变了自然环境造成的。故B项正确。3.细节事实题。由第三段“The pollution of water is equally harmful. In the sea, pollution from oil is increasing and is killing enormous numbers of algae, fish and birds. The whole ecological balance of the sea is being changed. 水的污染也同样有害。在海里,石油污染增加,造成大量的藻类(水藻),鱼和鸟死亡。整个海洋的生态平衡正在被改变。”可知藻类、鱼和鸟的大量死亡导致海洋生态失衡。故C项正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“Conservationists believe that it is now necessary for man to limit the growth of technology in order to survive on earth. 自然资源保护论者认为，为了在地球上生存，人类现在有必要限制科技的发展。”可知自然资源保护论者认为要限制科技的发展，而阻碍科技的发展不利于工业的发展，所以工业家很可能会发对这个观点。故A项正确。5.作者意图题。本文主要讲述了环保的重要性，从空气污染，到水污染，再到破坏整个生态平衡。所有的这些都是在呼吁大家来保护地球，保护我们的生存坏境。 故D项正确。4. 单选题What he said in the meeting （ ） everybody present.问题1选项A.disgustedB.dismissedC.disposedD.disabled【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。disgust“使厌恶，使作呕”；dismiss“解散，解雇”；dispose“处理，处置”；disable“使失去能力”。句意：他在会议上说的话使在场的每个人都（ ）。只有A项符合句意。5. 单选题Without a proper education, people could（ ） all kinds of crimes.问题1选项A.conductB.stoopC.commitD.sweat【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。conduct“组织，实施”；stoop“辱没，堕落”；commit“犯罪”；sweat“出汗”。commit crimes犯罪，故C项正确。句意：如果没有接受合适的教育，人们可能会进行各种犯罪活动。6. 单选题The scientific and medical communities are very excited about the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of disease and prolonging human life. But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life.For the last few years, the genetic advances in the developing field of biotechnology have provides material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code”of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding the genes connected with terrible diseases as yet and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.1. Why did the scientists work hard at mapping the human genome?2. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world?3. Which of the following is NOT true?4. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause（ ）.5. The main idea of this article is about（ ）.问题1选项A.Because the human genome can destroy many illnesses.B.Because the human genomes completion can help them get rid of many diseases.C.Because they wanted to be better known than others.D.Because the human genome can provide a lot of chances of work.问题2选项A.Japan.B.Germany.C.The United States.D.China.问题3选项A.If the genes can be found, scientists can study many new ways to cure illnesses.B.The scientists have made great progress in connecting the genes with the cancers.C.Many medical companies show great interest in drawing the human genome map.D.The United States began the Genes Study early in the 19th century.问题4选项A.the policy makers to feel very worried and carefulB.the scientists to work harderC.many people to find work easilyD.a lot of companies to produce many new drugs问题5选项A.unlocking genetic codeB.the genes discoveryC.the great human genomeD.the genes and the scientists【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。由最后一段Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses. 一旦发现并研究这些基因，研究人员就可以开发新的方法来对抗感染和遗传疾病。医药公司对绘制人类基因组非常感兴趣，因为他们希望开发出许多治疗这些疾病的新药。可知科学家绘制人类基因组的目的是为了研制一些药来对抗疾病。故B项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“While European and Japanese researchers are making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code”of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. 当欧洲和日本的研究人员在解码人类DNA方面取得快速进展时，始于1990年的美国的领先遗传研究组织正在“解开人体的密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。”由此可知美国在基因方面处于领先地位，故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由the leading organization for genetic research is in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code”of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. 基因研究的主要组织是美国，成立于1990年，正在解开人体的“密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。可知美国于20世纪开始基因研究，而不是19世纪，故D项与原文内容不符。答案D4.推理判断题。由第一段最后一句“But those communities and policy makers also are careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the mysteries of life. 但这些行业和政策制定者也对他们打开的科学之门保持谨慎，因为这个项目揭示了生命的奥秘。可知A项“政策制定者感到非常担忧和谨慎”不对；C项文中未提及；由最后一句“Medical companies are very interested in mapping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses. 医药公司对绘制人类基因组非常感兴趣，因为他们希望开发出许多治疗这些疾病的新药。”可知D项“许多公司生产许多新药”是事实，并不需要推理。故只有B项正确，结合全文可知人类基因组图的完成将有助于科学家一系列难关，所以他们更加努力地探究。5.主旨大意题。由第二段的the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination. 现代科学的发展解开了人类遗传密码的秘密，为人类健康以及大众的想象打开了一个充满可能性的世界。以及第三段的which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code”of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. 它始于1990年，正在解开人体的“密码”，以学习如何战胜致命疾病。可知解读基因密码可以知道如何对抗疾病。故A项正确。7. 单选题Several loudspeakers are（ ） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly.问题1选项A.connectedB.windedC.associatedD.suspended【答案】D【解析】考查动辨析。connect“连接”；wind“缠绕”；associate“联系”；suspend“延缓，推迟，使悬浮”。句意：天花板上（ ）一些扩音器，我们可以很清楚地听到演讲者说话。扩音器一般是悬浮在天花板上，故D项正确。8. 单选题I didnt make out what the professor means because his handwriting is so（ ）.问题1选项A.eligibleB.illegibleC.KnowledgeableD.vague【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。eligible合格的，合适的；illegible难辨认的，字迹模糊的；knowledgeable知识渊博的；vague模糊的，含糊的。由空格前的handwriting可知能修饰字迹的只有B项，故B项正确。9. 单选题In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. Today, a century and a half later, there are still experts who forecast the same global disaster unless urgent measures are taken to prevent it.By the end of the present century there may well be over five thousand million people living on this globe, an increase of over fifty percent of todays figure. In order to keep pace with this increase in mankind the farmers of the world would have to step up their production of food by at least two per cent every year. Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll.Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manner of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. Already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business; now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digging or plowing, and no weeding to speak of .Yields can be far higher than they are in soil.1. Which of the following best sums up the whole passage?2. The phrase “having overgrown the available food supplies” in the first paragraph implies that（ ）.3.According to the author, 2 percent annual increase in the production of food can not be achieved. Which of the following is not the explanation he gave for the problem?4. Which of the following statements is not true of hydroponics?5. Judging from the passage, the most important advantage of hydroponics should be（ ）.问题1选项A.Hydroponics is a new development in agriculture.B.Malthus prediction has been proved to be correct by modern expertsC.Hydroponics may be the answer to the world food shortage in the future.D.Conventional methods of agriculture should be improved to step up food production by two per cent every year.问题2选项A.the available food supplies will be enough to feed world populationB.the earth is too exhausted to support its increasing populationC.world population will grow at a rate faster than food productionD.food supplies will be too much available for world population问题3选项A.There are not enough potential farmland reserves left.B.Land is being lost through erosion and industrialization.C.Conventional methods of agriculture arc still prevailing all over the world.D.Modern mechanization and the use of fertilizers are not well popularized in the world.问题4选项A.Hydroponics has created wonders in agriculture.B.Hydroponics is too complicated and expensive for practical use.C.Hydroponics is considered a revolutionary method of agriculture.D.Hydroponics has already been employed in food production.问题5选项A.higher yieldB.lower labor costsC.more automationD.less hard manual word【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。本文第一二段讲述了粮食危机，第三段提出了解决粮食危机的办法-水培法，Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. 水培法很可能是解决我们所有食物问题的答案。故C项“水培法可能是解决未来世界粮食短缺的方法。”正确。2.推理判断题。In 1798 the political economist Malthus predicted that in time mankind would face starvation, having outgrown the available food supplies. 1798年，政治经济学家马尔萨斯预言，人类迟早会面临饥饿，因为人类的粮食供应已经远远超过了人类的需求。可知人类面临粮食危机的原因在于人类的增长速度超过了粮食的供应速度，粮食供应不足才会导致粮食危机。故C项正确。3.推理判断题。由第二段Such a rate of increase has never been maintained in any country by conventional methods of agriculture, despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers. There are no large worthwhile reserves of potential farmland remaining, and good fertile land is continually being diverted to industrial use. Moreover, erosion of the soil takes a constant toll. 尽管现代机械化和化肥的广泛使用，但任何一个运用传统农业生产方式的国家从来没有保持过这样的增长率。没有大量有价值的潜在农田储备，肥沃的土地不断被用于工业用途。此外，土壤的侵蚀会造成持续的损失。可知D项“现代机械化和化肥的使用在世界上还没有很好地普及。”与原文“despite modern mechanization and the widespread use of fertilizers.”不符，故答案D。A项“没有足够的潜在耕地储备。”；B项“土地正因侵蚀和工业化而丧失。”；C项“传统的农业方法仍然在世界各地盛行。”在该段都能找到依据。4.推理判断题。由最后一段Intensive research, carried out over many years in all manner of climatic conditions, has produced a revolutionary method of growing crops without using any soil at all. Hydroponics, as this technique is called, may well be the answer to all our food worries. Already it has accomplished wonders in producing huge crops. Hydroponics was once a complicated and expensive business; now it is well out of the experimental stage. Labor costs are far lower than when normal methods of agriculture are employed. In fact, it is a completely automatic system. There is no hard manual work, no digg