2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第165期

2022年考博英语-宁夏大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The（ ）of the man who beat the girl to death was not for money but for killing.问题1选项A.motiveB.motivationC.pushD.drive【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项motive“动机；目的（侧重于做坏事的动机）”，B选项motivation“动机；积极性（侧重于干劲，动力一类）”，C选项push“推”，D选项drive“驱动器”，句子中是说男子击打女孩致死的动机，是坏的行为，因此A选项符合题意。句意为：那个把女孩打死的男人的动机不是为了钱，而是为了杀人。2. 单选题In the summer of 1978 an English farmer named Ian Stevens was driving his tractor through a field of wheat when he discovered something strange. Some of his wheat was lying flat on the ground. The flattened wheat formed a circle about six meters across. Around this circle were four smaller circles of flattened wheat. In the following years more and more similar circles were found in a field of wheat or corn. So people cannot help but ask the question: What causes the circles?At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them: they tried to make circles exactly like the ones the farmers had found. They couldnt do it. They couldnt enter a field of grain without leaving tracks, and they couldnt flatten the grain without breaking it. The circles are apparently not a trick. Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships. Several times people reported seeing strange flying objects near field, where circles later appeared.Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them. They have suggested several theories. For example, some scientists say that “microbursts” of wind created the circles. A microburst is a downward rush of cool air the same downward rush of air that sometimes causes an airplane to crash. Others scientists say that forces within the earth cause the circles to appear. But circles often appear in forms. It is hard to believe that any natural force could create those forms. And recently farmers have discovered not only circles but also other shapes such as triangles in their fields. Could any natural force created a perfect triangle in a field of grain?In the summer of 1990 some scientists spent three weeks in the part of England where many circles have appeared. They had all the latest high-tech equipment. This equipment worth 1.8 million dollars recorded nothing. But one night, as the scientists were watching a field circles formed in the field behind them. These circles are shown in the photograph. The scientists had neither seen nor heard anything.1.What causes the circles?2.The thing that proves that the circles were not a trick is that（ ）.3.The circles mean（ ）.4.The only thing for the scientists to be happy about in the summer of 1990 is possibly（ ）.5.A proper title for this passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.TeenagersB.FarmersC.Flying objectsD.None of the above问题2选项A.two men said they made the circles themselvesB.farmers were making the circles to attract touristsC.people cannot copy the circles without leaving marks or breaking the grainD.scientists suggest theories that support the idea that circles were made by natural forces问题3选项A.that beings from outer space are trying to communicate with human beingsB.that beings from outer space have visited the earthC.that there do exist strange flying objectsD.none of the above问题4选项A.that they discovered how the circles were madeB.that they saw the circles with the help of the latest high-tech equipmentC.that they were able to show the circles in a photographD.none of the above问题5选项A.An Unsolved MysteryB.Strange Flying ObjectsC.The Power of Natural ForcesD.The Discovery of Strange Circles【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.推理判断题。题干问什么东西导致了这些圈圈？我们定位到倒数第二段的第一句话Scientists say theyre not sure what causes them.（科学家表示，他们不确定是什么导致了这种情况。）从这句话我们可以得出，科学家们目前也并不知道是什么导致了这些怪圈，其他的都只是猜测，因此答案为D；A选项“青少年”，B选项“农民”，C选项“飞行物”，这些都是人们的猜测。2.事实细节题。题干问是什么证实了这些圈圈并不是一个恶作剧？根据第二段第一句话At first, people suspected that the circles were a trick. To prove that the circles were a trick people tried to copy them（起初，人们怀疑这些圆圈是骗人的。为了证明这些圆圈是骗人的，人们试图模仿它们）我们可以得出答案是C选项。A选项“两个男人说是他们制造了这个圈”，B选项“农民们做了这个圈去吸引游客”，D选项“科学家认为理论支持这些圈是由自然力量完成的”。3.事实细节题。A选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物正试图与人类交流”，B选项“这些圆圈意味着来自外太空的生物已经访问过地球”，C选项“这些圆圈意味着确实存在奇怪的飞行物”，D选项“以上都不对”；题干问这些圈圈意味着什么。根据题干我们可以定位到第二段，第二段说了Many people believe that beings from outer space are making the circles. Some think that the beings are trying to communicate with us from far away and that the circles are messages from them. Others believe that the beings have actually landed on earth and that the circles are mark left by their spaceships.（许多人相信是外太空的生物制造了这些圆圈。一些人认为外太空的生物试图与我们交流，而这些圆圈是他们的信息。其他人相信存在实际上已经登陆地球的生物和圆圈是他们的宇宙飞船留下的印记。）但是这些都是人们的推测，目前科学家并没有给出明确的结论，因此A、B、C都不对，答案为D。4.判断推理题。题干问科学家们在1990年夏天唯一感到高兴的事情可能是？C选项“他们能够在照片上显示圆圈”，根据题干我们定位到倒数第一段的倒数第二句话：These circles are shown in the photograph.（这些圆圈如照片所示。）可以得出，他们开心的事是C，他们能够在照片上显示圆圈。A选项“他们发现了这些圆圈是如何形成的”，B选项“他们借助最新的高科技设备看到了这些圆圈”，D选项“以上都不对”。5.文章标题题。题干让我们给文章找一个合适的标题。A选项“一个未解之谜”，B选项“奇怪的飞行物”，C选项“自然的力量”，D“奇怪的圈圈的发现”，根据全文我们知道，这个怪圈的谜底我们到目前都没有解开，因此它是一个未解之谜，D选项过于浅显，不能总结全文的含义，因此答案为A。3. 单选题It all started in 1950, when people began to build their houses on the（ ） of their cities.问题1选项A.paradisesB.omissionsC.orchardsD.outskirts【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项paradises“天堂，至福境地”；B选项omissions“疏忽，遗漏”；C选项orchards“果园，果树林”；D选项outskirts“郊区，市郊”。句意：这一切都始于1950年，那时人们开始在他们城市的（ ）盖房子。本句表示“在城市的郊区盖房子”，因此D选项符合题意。4. 单选题Their signing of the treaty was regarded as a conspiracy against the British Crown.问题1选项A.secret planB.bold attackC.clever designD.joint effort【答案】A【解析】考查名词词组辨析。A选项“秘密计划”；B选项“大胆的攻击”；C选项“巧妙的设计”；D选项“共同努力”；题干中conspiracy“阴谋，共谋”，句意：他们在条约上的签字被认为是一个反对英国王室的阴谋。因此A选项最符合题意。5. 单选题Despite their spartan, isolated lifestyle, there are no stories of women being raped or wanton violence against civilians in the region.问题1选项A.intriguingB.exasperatingC.demonstrativeD.unprovoked【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“有趣的，迷人的”；B选项“使人恼怒的，惹人生气的”；C选项“指示的，证明的”；D选项“无缘无故的，未受挑衅的”；题干中wanton“无节制的，荒唐的”，句意：尽管他们的生活方式是斯巴达式的、孤立的，但在该地区没有妇女被强奸或对平民恣意暴力的故事。根据题干原意可知，D选项与原文意思最接近，符合题意。6. 单选题The neighbors do not consider him quite（ ）as most evenings he awakens them with his drunken singing.问题1选项A.respectedB.respectiveC.respectfulD.respectable【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项respected“受尊敬的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C选项respectful“恭敬的，有礼貌的”；D选项respectable“值得尊敬的，人格高尚的，相当数量的”。句意：邻居们认为他不（ ），因为大多数晚上他都会用醉醺醺的歌声把他们吵醒。这里表达的句意是“他不值得尊敬”，因此D选项符合题意。7. 单选题At the party we found that the shy girl（ ）her mother all the time.问题1选项A.depending onB.coinciding withC.adheringD.clinging to【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项depending on“取决于，根据”；B选项coinciding with“符合，与一致”；C选项adhering“附着”；D选项clinging to“坚持，依靠，依附”。句意：在聚会上我们发现那个害羞的女孩一直（ ）她的母亲。通过判断句意可以得知意思应该是“小女孩很害羞，所以一直挨着妈妈”，只有C选项可以表达这种具象的依靠，因此C选项符合题意。8. 单选题The gangster（ ）at his helpless victim and put a cigarette just out of reach.问题1选项A.sneeredB.scornedC.grinnedD.glared【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sneered“嘲笑，冷笑”；B选项scorned“轻蔑”；C选项grinned“露齿而笑，咧着嘴笑”；D选项glared“怒目而视，瞪眼看”。句意：歹徒对他那无助的受害者（ ），并把一支烟放在刚好够不到的地方。根据歹徒后面的行为可以看出，歹徒对这个受害者发出冷笑，因此A选项符合题意。9. 单选题（ ）money from his department, Mr. Williams would have been promoted to the position as director.问题1选项A.If he did not stealB.Had he not stolenC.Did he not stealD.Should he not steal【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，对过去的虚拟，had提前，省掉if，原句是：If sb. had not done sth., sb. would have done.意思是如果某人没有做，某人就会，A选项少了一个should；C选项和D选项都是疑问句的语气，排除；因此B选项符合题意。句意为：威廉姆斯先生要不是偷部门的钱，他早就被提升为主任了。10. 单选题On the coast the weather is（ ）with day after day of hot sunshine, in the mountains however the air cools quickly and until the end of June you can still find snow on the mountain tops.问题1选项A.funnyB.interestingC.romanticD.fantastic【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项funny“有趣的”，B选项interesting“令人感兴趣的”，C选项romantic“浪漫的”，D选项fantastic“极好的；极出色的”；句中搭配修饰天气，因此应该是“很好的天气”，因此D选项符合题意。句意为：海岸的天气非常好，每天都有炎热的阳光，但是在山上，空气很快就变凉了，直到六月底，山顶上仍然可以看到雪。11. 单选题According to zoologists, animal populations at a given time are（ ）by food supplies at that time.问题1选项A.governedB.sustainedC.restrictedD.manipulated【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项governed“管理，统治”；B选项sustained“维持，持续”；C选项restricted“限制”；D选项manipulated“被操控的”。句意：根据动物学家的说法，特定时间内的动物数量是由当时的食物供应（ ）的。这里表示的意思是“这些食物决定了这里可以维持的动物的数量”，因此B选项符合题意。12. 单选题As he walked out of the court, he was（ ）with frustration and rage.问题1选项A.applaudingB.quiveringC.paralyzingD.limping【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项applauding“赞同，称赞”；B选项quivering“颤抖”；C选项paralyzing“瘫痪，麻痹”；D选项limping“跛行”。句意：当他走出法庭时，他因沮丧和愤怒而（ ）。这里表达的意思是“因沮丧和愤怒而颤抖。”因此B选项符合题意。13. 翻译题互联网使我的工作方便多了。我可以通过电子邮件撰写、编辑并提交我的文章；在网上与我的同事聊天，与老板讨论工作。我用鼠标一击，马上就能拿到我要的一切资料，获得最新的消息。可是，另一方面，用网络通信有时也令人沮丧。系统有可能瘫痪。更糟的是，因为没有面对面交谈的情感提示，键出的词有时似乎很难理解。【答案】The Internet has made my job a lot easier. I can write, submit and edit articles via email, chat with my colleagues on line and discuss work with my boss. With a click of the mouse, I can get all the data I need and keep up with the latest news. But then, communicating through the Net can be frustrating at times. The system may crash. Worst still, without the emotional cues of face-to-face communication, the typed words sometimes seem difficult to interpret.14. 单选题Melissa is a computer（ ）that destroyed files in computers and frustrated thousands of users around the world.问题1选项A.geniusB.virusC.diseaseD.bacteria【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“天才，天赋”；B选项“病毒”；C选项“疾病”；D选项“细菌”，句意：Melissa是一种电脑（ ），它摧毁了电脑中的文件，让全世界成千上万的用户感到沮丧。本句想表示的是“电脑病毒（computer virus）”，这也是固定搭配，因此B选项符合题意。15. 翻译题The world is on the cusp of a staggering rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuaded many observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth and “secular stagnation”, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will bust government budgets.But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers are putting off retirement while many less skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.【答案】【参考译文】世界的老龄人口正在以惊人的速度增长，并且他们越活越长。在未来的20年里，全球65岁以上的老年人数量将会翻番，从6000万到11亿。根据20世纪的经验来看，当长寿意味着更长的退休时间和更短的工作时间时，很多人都会感觉到明显的经济增速减缓和长期经济停滞，同时越来越多的养老金申领人口会导致政府的预算破产。当我们只关注于工作年轻人与闲散老年人的严重分化现象时，往往忽略了一个新的趋势，即不同人劳动技能之间日益加剧的差异。缺乏技能的年轻人的就业率在下降，而经验丰富的高技术人才却工作得越来越久。在美国，这样的分歧最为严重，婴儿潮时期出生的、受过良好教育的人们延迟退休，从而将技能不足的年轻人排挤出劳动力市场。16. 单选题When Columbus（ ） America in 1492, the continents may have been peopled by as many as twenty-five million Indians.问题1选项A.who discoveredB.discoveringC.discoveredD.to discover【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当哥伦布于1492年（ ）美洲大陆时，这块大陆上居住着多达2500万印第安人。通过题干可知哥伦布发现美洲大陆是在1492年，是一个已经发生的事，因此C选项discovered表示过去符合题意。A选项是定语从句，这个句子中不需要定语从句；B选项表示正在进行；D选项表示将来。17. 单选题Because of fathers poor circumstances, my uncle（ ）my education.问题1选项A.financesB.maintainsC.suppliesD.affords【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项finances“负担经费，供给经费”；B选项maintains“维持，保持”；C选项supplies“供应，提供”；D选项affords“买得起，提供”。句意：由于父亲的贫苦处境，我叔叔（ ）了我的教育。可以看出因为父亲的条件不好，所以是叔叔“资助了我的学习”，因此A选项符合题意。18. 单选题Build the Birds Nest calls for giant curving beams which crisscross in an（ ）pattern of woven steel.问题1选项A.intuitiveB.intensiveC.intrinsicD.intricate【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项intuitive“直觉的，凭直觉获知的”；B选项intensive“加强的，集中的”；C选项intrinsic“本质的，固有的”；D选项intricate“复杂的，错综的”。句意：建造鸟巢需要巨大的弯曲梁，它们交错成_的编织钢结构。这里表达的意思是“交错成复杂的编织钢结构”，因此D选项符合题意。19. 单选题When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his（ ）can be distributed.问题1选项A.paradoxesB.legaciesC.platitudesD.analogies【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“似是而非的论点，自相矛盾的话”；B选项“遗产”；C选项“陈词滥调”；D选项“类似，类推”，句意：当一个人死后，他的债务必须在（ ）分配之前弄清。这句要表示的是“要把遗产分配清楚”，因此B选项符合题意。20. 单选题To help students understand how we see, teachers often draw an（ ）between an eye and a camera.问题1选项A.imageB.analogyC.imitationD.axis【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项image“影像，想象，肖像”；B选项analogy“类比，类推，类似”；C选项imitation“模仿，仿造，仿制品”；D选项axis“轴，轴线，轴心国”。句意：为了帮助学生理解我们是如何看东西的，老师经常把眼睛和照相机作_。这里表达的是“作类比”，因此B选项符合题意。