2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷48（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-外交学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Just as the authors book on eels is often a key text for courses in marine vertebrate zoology, their ideas on animal development and phylogeny（ ）teaching in this area.问题1选项A.preventB.defyC.replicateD.inform【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项prevent“预防，防止；阻止；妨碍，阻止”；B选项defy“藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空”；C选项replicate“复制；折叠；重复；折转”；D选项inform“通知；告诉；报告；告发；告密”。句意：就像作者关于鳗鱼的书经常是海洋脊椎动物学课程的关键文本一样，他们关于动物发展和系统发育的观点也影响着这一领域的教学。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题The snow seems to have set（ ） for the evening.问题1选项A.uponB.inC.aboutD.down【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项set upon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项set in“开端；来临；到来”；C set about选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项set down“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。3. 单选题Chinas response to North Koreas shelling of Yeonpyeong Island two weeks ago has been remarkably flaccid.问题1选项A.firmB.shrewdC.ambiguousD.limp【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项firm“坚定的；牢固的；严格的；结实的；坚决的；牢牢控制的；坚挺的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；狡猾的；机灵的”；C选项ambiguous“模糊不清的，模棱两可的；不明确的，不明朗的；引起歧义的”；D选项limp“柔软的，无力的；软弱的”。句意：中国对朝鲜两周前炮击延坪岛的反应，一直表现得非常迟缓。flaccid“松弛的，软弱的；蔫软的；无活力的；不见成效的”，D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。4. 单选题He was always declining their invitations on the（ ）of ill health.问题1选项A.groundsB.reasonC.excuseD.cause【答案】A【解析】考查固定短语搭配。根据题干可知考查on the ground of“以为理由，根据”。句意：他总是以身体不好为由拒绝他们的邀请。因此A选项正确。5. 单选题The wizened old man in the home for the aged was still active and energetic.问题1选项A.tractableB.texturedC.adeptD.shriveled【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项tractable“易于管教的；易驾驭的；易处理的；驯良的”；B选项textured“起纹理的；质地不平的；（艺术、文学、音乐等）有神韵的”；C选项adept“熟练的；擅长的”；D选项shriveled“枯萎的”。句意：敬老院里那位干瘪的老人依然精神抖擞。wizened“干瘪的；枯萎的；消瘦的”。D选项与该词意思最相近，因此D选项正确。6. 单选题My father will be here tomorrow, but at first I thought that he（ ）today.问题1选项A.was comingB.is comingC.will comeD.come【答案】A【解析】考查动词时态辨析。题干中的第一个分句用的是现在将来时态，第二个分句的主句用的是一般过去时态，宾语从句中应该使用表示过去将来的时态。根据语法规则，某些动词（如come，arrive，leave等）的进行时态可以表示将来。句意：我父亲明天会来，但起初我以为他今天会来。因此，根据题意和语法规则，A选项正确。7. 单选题The sailor replied in a tone as angrily as（ ）, that he had lost his leg abroad in defense of those who did nothing at home.问题1选项A.theyB.themC.theirD.theirs【答案】A【解析】考查代词辨析。as angrily as they (replied)，其中replied被省略，that从句是replied的宾语，句意：水手用和他们一样愤怒的声调回答说，他在国外失去了一条腿，是为了保护那些在国内毫无作为的人。因此A选项正确。8. 单选题It is fashionable in the sixties but definitely passe in the eighties.问题1选项A.clivoseB.demodeC.abrimD.xenial【答案】B【解析】考查近义形容词辨析。A选项clivose“小山的，丘陵的”；B选项demode“陈旧的；老式的”；C选项abrim“充满着的”；D选项xenial“主客关系的；款待的”。句意：那在六十年代是时髦的，但在八十年代肯定是过时了。passe“已过盛年的；过时的；凋谢的”，B选项与该词词意最相近，因此B选项正确。9. 单选题A rapid means of long distance transportation became a necessity for the United States settlement spread ever farther westward. The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safer, effective stopping system.Once these were solved, the railroad was established as the best means of land transportation. By 1860s there were thousands of miles or railroads crossing the eastern mountain ranges and reaching westward to the Mississippi. There were also regional southern and western lines.The high point in railroad building came with the construction of the first transcontinental system. In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with Pacific. The Government helped the railroads generously with money and land. Actual work on this project from California used Chinese labor, while the Union Pacific employed crews of Irish laborers. The two groups worked at remarkable speed, each trying to cover a greater distance than the other. In 1896 they met at place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion. There were joyous celebrations all over the country, with parade and the ringing of church bells to honor the great achievement.The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and fanning by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.1. The major problems with Americas railroad system in the mid-19th century lay in（ ）.2. The building of the first transcontinental system（ ）.3. The best title for this passage would be（ ）.4. The construction of the transcontinental railroad took（ ）.5. What most likely made people think about a transcontinental railroad?问题1选项A.poor quality rails and unreliable stopping systemsB.lack of financial support for developmentC.limited railroad linesD.lack of transcontinental railroad问题2选项A.brought about a rapid growth of industry and fanning in the westB.attracted many visitors to the construction sitesC.attracted labors form EuropeD.encouraged people to travel all over the country问题3选项A.settlements spread westwardB.the coast-to-coast railroad: a vital linkC.American railroad historyD.the importance of railroads in the American economy问题4选项A.9 yearsB.7 yearsC.4 yearsD.3 years问题5选项A.The possibility of government support for such a task.B.The need to explore Utah.C.The need to connect the east coast with the west.D.The need to develop the railroad industry in the west.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到文中第一段最后两句话“The early trains were impractical curiosities, and for a long time the railroad companies met with troublesome mechanical problems. The most serious ones were the construction of rails able to bear the load, and the development of a safer, effective stopping system.（早期的火车都是些不切实际的玩意，在很长一段时间里，铁路公司都遇到了一些机械问题。最严重的问题是建造能承受荷载的轨道，以及开发更安全、更有效的刹车系统。）”，由此可知是火车铁轨质量不好，刹车系统还有待完善。A选项“铁路质量差，刹车系统不可靠”正确；B选项“缺乏对发展的财政支持”；C选项“有限铁路线路”和D选项“缺乏横贯大陆的铁路”文中都没有提到，因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。由题干可定位到文中第三段倒数第二、三句话“In 1896 they met at place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah. Many visitors came there for the great occasion.（1896年，两组人在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。许多游客为了这一盛事来到那里。）”由此可知人们为了看两组工队的相遇来到了施工现场。A选项“导致了西方工业和农业的迅速发展”文中没有提到；B选项“吸引了许多游客到建筑工地”正确；C选项“吸引欧洲的劳动力”和D选项“鼓励人们到全国各地旅游”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。3.主旨大意题。本文第一段讲述了早期美国铁路遇到的问题，第二段主要讲述了解决这些问题后美国铁路路线变多，第三段主要讲述了美国第一条贯穿大陆的铁路建设，第四段主要讲述该铁路的作用，由此可知本文主要讲述了美国铁路交通的发展。A选项“西方世界殖民扩张”；B选项“海岸到海岸的铁路重要的连接”和D选项“铁路在美国经济中的重要性”都没有C选项“美国的铁路历史”更符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。由题干定位到文章第三段第二句话“In 1862 Congress authorized two western railroad companies to build lines from Nebraska westward and from California eastward to a meeting point, so as to complete a transcontinental crossing linking the Atlantic seaboard with Pacific.（1862年国会授权两家西部铁路公司修建从内布拉斯加州往西和加州往东汇合的铁路，以便建成横穿大陆连接大西洋海岸和太平洋的十字路口。）”和第三段的倒数第三句话“In 1896 they met at place called Promontory in what is now the state of Utah.（1896年，他们在现在的犹他州的海角相遇。）”，由此可知，该贯穿大陆的铁路从修建到完成共花了7年时间。因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。由题干定位到文章最后一段“The railroad was very important in encouraging westward movement. It also helped build up industry and fanning by moving raw materials and by distributing products rapidly to distant markets. In linking towns and people to one another it helped unify the United States.（这条铁路在鼓励西进运动方面起了非常重要的作用。它还通过运输原材料和将产品迅速分销到遥远的市场，帮助建立了工业和农业。它把城镇和人们联系在一起，帮助统一了美国。）”，由此可推断出该公路是为了在全国各地建立四通八达的铁路网，发展各地经济。A选项“政府支持这样一项任务的可能性”与文章关系不大；B选项“探索犹他州的需要”弱化了该公路的作用；C选项“连接东海岸和西海岸的需要。”正确；D选项“在西部发展铁路工业的需要”文章没有提到，因此C选项正确。10. 单选题Price touched something near（ ）bottom this year.问题1选项A.capB.waterC.rockD.pot【答案】C【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项cap“盖；帽子；脱帽致意；覆盖；胜过；给戴帽；加盖于”；B选项water“水；海水；雨水；海域，大片的水”；C选项rock“岩石；摇滚乐；暗礁；摇晃”；D选项pot“壶；盆；罐；把装罐；射击；节略”。根据固定搭配rock bottom“最低点；受挫”可知该题选rock。句意：这一年物价接近低谷。因此C选项正确。11. 单选题He is very quiet and shy, he wouldnt say boo to a（ ）.问题1选项A.gooseB.flyC.dogD.bug【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项goose“鹅，鹅肉，傻瓜，雌鹅”；B选项fly“苍蝇，两翼昆虫”；C选项dog“狗，卑鄙的人”；D选项bug“臭虫，小虫，故障，窃听器”。would not say boo to a goose指非常胆小，害羞的人。句意：他很安静，很害羞，胆子很小。因此C选项正确。12. 翻译题17世纪后期至18世纪末，是中国清代的鼎盛时期，史称“康乾盛世”。那个时期，中国的工业产量位居世界前列。但正是在这个时候，欧洲诸国先后开始了近代资产阶级革命和产业革命，社会生产力迅速发展，后来居上。而中国当时的政治者对这一历史性大变革却茫然无知，仍沉迷于盲目自大之中，视西方科学技术为“奇技淫巧”。“康乾盛世”之后的100多年，中国的发展大大落后了，国际地位急剧衰落，沦为半殖民地，备受外强欺辱。中华人民共和国成立后，中国人民掌握了自己的命运，民族的独立和解放使中国发生了翻天覆地的变化。但在20世纪60、70年代世界经济蓬勃发展和新科技革命浪潮兴起的时代，中国搞了长达10年的“文化大革命”，错失了又一次发展良机。值得欣慰的是，从70年代末开始，我们纠正了过去的错误，选择了改革开放的正确道路，对内实行改革，对外实行开放，开放也是改革。改革开放使我们抓住了新的历史机遇，实现了近30年的高速发展，综合国力显著增强，人民生活得到很大改善，国际地位不断上升。【答案】In the late 17 century to the end of 18th Century, Chinese Qing Dynasty was in its heyday, known as the Golden Age of “Kangxi and Qianlong”. During this period, Chinas industrial production has been at the forefront on the world stage. But it was at this time that European countries began the modern bourgeois revolution and industrial revolution, which rocket the rapid development of social productivity in the western world, leaving the rest of the world out of sight behind. However, Chinese politicians at that time were completely ignorant of this historic change, and still indulged in blind arrogance, regarding western science and technology as “diabolic tricks and wicked craft”. During the past 100 years from that time onward, China fell far behind in development, suffered a sharp decline in its international status, was reduced to a semi-colony and subjected to bullying and humiliation from foreign powers.Since the funding of the Peoples Republic of China, accompanying with the national independence and liberation, Chinese people have become the master of their own destiny. All this has brought tremendous changes to China. However, in the 1960s and 1970s, when the world economy was booming and the new wave of scientific and technological revolution was emerging, China conducted the decade-long “Cultural Revolution” and missed another good opportunity for development. The good news is that since the end of 1970s, with the implementation of reforming domestically and opening-up to the world we have corrected the mistakes of the past, directing the whole nation to the right way of reform and opening-up. Under the guidance of reform and opening-up policy, we seized the new historical opportunity to promote a rapid social development in the last 30 years. This policy not only heighten chinas comprehensive powers and peoples living standards, but also the growing international clout.13. 单选题The marksman waited for the pheasant to（ ）cover.问题1选项A.seekB.breakC.getD.take【答案】B【解析】考查固定短语搭配。A选项seek“寻求；寻找；探索；搜索”；B选项break“打破；骨折；违犯；弄坏；失灵；打断；终止”；C选项get“使得；获得；受到；变成；成为；变得；到达”；D选项take“拿，取；带去；使达到；偷走；夺取；买下”。根据固定搭配break cover“跳出来；跳出躲藏处；从隐藏处出来”可知该题选break。句意：狙击手等着这只野鸡从隐蔽处出来。因此B选项正确。14. 翻译题中国传统社会具有宗法社会的性质，重视人伦关系成为其文化特色。孟子将“人伦”归结为“父子有亲，君臣有义，夫妇有别，长幼有序，朋友有信”。这五种基本的社会关系有四种关系与血缘和家庭有关，而国家关系正是这种血缘和家庭关系的拟制。人伦文化注重血缘亲情，强调等级名分，强化社会成员的角色，着眼于家庭和社会利益的全局，注重内部的秩序与凝聚力。正是在人伦文化的基础上，形成了大一统的观念和注重整体利益的价值取向。传统社会宗法关系强有力的纽带作用和强调集权统一的观念文化与制度文化，培养出中华民族注重整体利益的价值观念。在这种价值观念中，社会的利益、国家的利益和家庭的利益始终是第一位的，而地方的利益、局部的利益和个人利益往往被忽视。个性被湮灭在共性之中，整齐划一是理想典范，标新立异则是异端另类。【答案】Chinas ancient society was patriarchal in nature, in which human relations were given priority. Mencius summed up human relations as “Between father and son, there should be affection; between sovereign and minister, righteousness; between husband and wife, attention to their separate functions; between old and young, a proper order; and between friends, fidelity.” Out of these five basic human relations, four were related with blood ties and family. State relationship was a copy of this kind of family blood relationship. The culture based on human relations held as essential the blood relationships, and highlighted peoples social status. With a view to the overall situation of the family and social interests, it paid special attention to the internal order and cohesiveness. It was on the basis of this culture that the concept of great national unity and collectivism came into being.The Chinese value of collectivism was cultivated by the forceful tie of the patriarchal relations and the culture of ideology and institution that gave prominence to centralization and unity. The interest of the society, the country and the family was always counted number one while that of the locality, the part, or the individual sometimes ignored. Individuality gave way to universality. Uniformity was considered apotheosis whereas unconventionality, heterodoxy.15. 单选题The sea lay like an unbroken mirror all around the pine-girl, lonely shores of Orrs Island. Tall, kingly spruces wore their regal crowns of cones high in air, sparkling with diamonds of clear exuded gum; vast old hemlocks of primeval growth stood darkling in their forest shadows, their branches hung with long hoary moss; while feathery larches, turned to brilliant gold by autumn frosts, lighted up the darker shadows of the evergreens. It was one of those hazy, calm, dissolving days of Indian summer, when everything is so quiet that the faintest kiss of the Wave on the beach can be heard, and white clouds seem to faint into the blue of the sky, and soft swathing bands of violet vapor make all earth look dreamy, and give to the sharp, clear-cut outlines of the northern landscape all those mysteries of light and shade which impart such tenderness to Italian scenery.The funeral was over, the tread of many feet, bearing the heavy burden of two broken lives, had been to the lonely graveyard, and had come back again, each footstep lighter and more unconstrained as each one went his way from the great old tragedy of Death to the common cheerful walks of life.The solemn black clock stood swaying with its eternal “tick-tock, tick-tock” in the kitchen of the brown house on Orrs Island. There was there that sense of a stillness that can be felt, such as settlers down on a dwelling when any of its inmates have passed through its door for the last time, to go whence they shall not return. The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the widow-shutter, for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings, or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.The kitchen was clean and ample, with a great open fireplace and wide stone hearth, and oven on one side, and rows of old-fashioned splint-bottomed chairs against the wall. A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. One feature, however, must not be forgotten, a great sea-chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth. Old, and battered, and unsightly it yet report said that there was good store within of that which men for the most part respect more than anything else; and indeed, it proved often when a deed of grace was to be done, when a woman was suddenly made a widow in a coast gale, or a fishing-smack was run down in the frogs off the banks, leaving in some neighboring cottage a family of orphans, in all such cases, the opening this sea-chest was an event of good omen to the bereaved; for Zephaniah had a large heart and a large hand, and was apt to take it out full of silver dollars when once it went in. So the Ark of the Covenant could not have been looked on with more reverence than the neighbors usually showed to Captain Pennells sea-chest.1. The writer describes Orrs Island in a（ ）manner.2. According to the passage, the “best room”（ ）3. From the description of the kitchen we can infer that the house belongs to people who（ ）.4. The passage implies that（ ）.5. From the description of Zephaniah we can tell that he（ ）问题1选项A.emotionally appealing, imaginativeB.rational, logically preciseC.factually detailed, objectiveD.vague, uncertain问题2选项A.has its many windows boarded up.B.has had the furniture removed.C.is used only on formal and ceremonious occasions.D.is the busiest room in the house.问题3选项A.never have guestsB.like modern religiousC.probably religiousD.dislike housework问题4选项A.few people attended the funeralB.fishing is a secure vocationC.the Island is densely populatedD.the house belonged to the deceased问题5选项A.was physically a very big man.B.preferred the lonely life of a sailor.C.always stayed at home.D.was frugal and saved a lot of money.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。文章第一段作者在描写奥尔岛及周围环境时，用了大量关乎情感色彩的形容词和动词加以述说，充分调动读者的想象，引起感官上的共鸣。A选项“情感上有吸引力，富有想象力”；B选项“理性的，逻辑上精确的”；C选项“事实详细的，客观的”；D选项“模糊不清的”。因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“The best room was shut up and darkened, with only so much light as could fall through a little heart-shaped hole in the widow-shutter, for except on solemn visits, or prayer-meetings, or weddings, or funerals, that room formed no part of the daily family scenery.（最好的一间屋子关得严严的，昏暗的，只有从百叶窗上一个心形的小洞透进来的光线，因为除了在庄严的拜访、祈祷会、婚礼或葬礼上，这间屋子是不构成家庭日常生活的一部分的。）”，由此可知A选项“它的许多窗户都用木板封住了”；B选项“已经把家具搬走了”以及D选项“是家里最忙的房间”都不正确，C选项“只在正式和隆重的场合使用”符合题意。因此C选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第四段“A table scoured to snowy whiteness, and a little work-stand whereon lay the Bible, the Missionary Herald, and the Weekly Christian Mirror, before named, formed the principal furniture. （一张擦得雪白的桌子，一个小针线架，上面放着事先提到的圣经传教士传令报和基督教镜报，构成了这里的主要陈设。）”，由此可推断出房子的主人可能是位宗教信徒。A选项“很少有客人”；B选项“喜欢现代宗教”；D选项“不喜欢做家务”说法都不够确切，C选项“可能是宗教信徒”符合题意，因此C选项正确。4.判断推理题。联系全文，随处可见笔墨众多的环境静态描写，而描写房子时并未提到有人物活动的动态描写。因此可推断出该房子是死者的。A选项“很少有人参加葬礼”；B选项“捕鱼是一份有保障的职业”；C选项“这个岛人口密集”都不准确，只有D选项“该房子属于死者”符合题意，因此D选项正确。5.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“One feature, however, must not be forgotten, a great sea-chest, which had been the companion of Zephaniah through all the countries of the earth.（然而，有一件事不能忘记，那就是一个航海用的大箱子，这是西番雅周游世界的伙伴。）”，由此可推断出Zephaniah可能是个水手，且游历全球时只有一个从海底捞起来的箱子做伴，略显孤独。A选项“他身材魁梧”；C选项“总是待在家里”；D选项“他很节俭，省了很多钱”说法都不准确，B选项“宁愿过水手的孤独生活”准确，因此B选项正确。16. 单选题Carutherss latest literary criticism（ ）her reputation for trenchant commentary; despite its intriguing title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket, it is nothing more than a collection of（ ）.问题1选项A.reinforces, pronouncementsB.advances, aphorismsC.belies, platitudesD.undermines, judgments【答案】C【解析】考查动词和名词辨析。A选项reinforces, pronouncements“加强，加固；强化；补充”，“声明；宣告；公告；判决”；B选项advances, aphorisms“提出；预付；使前进；将提前；前进；进展；上涨”，“格言；警句”；C选项belies, platitudes“掩饰；与不符；使失望；证明虚假错误”，“陈词滥调；平凡；陈腐”；D选项undermines, judgments“破坏，渐渐破坏；挖掘地基”，“判断；裁判；判决书；辨别力”。句意：卡拉瑟斯最新的文学批评掩盖了她犀利评论的名声；尽管书名引人入胜，书皮上也有溢美之词，但这本书不过是陈词滥调的集合。因此C选项正确。17. 单选题I dont believe you are going to have the matter looked into today,（ ）?问题1选项A.are youB.do youC.arent youD.dont you【答案】A【解析】考查反义疑问句用法。题干属于陈述部分为主从复合句的反义疑问句。一般有两种情况：当陈述部分为主从复合句“主语+从句”时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致，如He knows that where I live, doesnt he？；当陈述部分为I think（believe, suppose）that.等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致，如I dont think he will come, will he? 题干陈述部分为I dont believe (that).从句部分为you are going to have.，因此A选项正确。18. 单选题Lying（ ） far back in the mountains, the coal had to be hauled from a deep valley.问题1选项A.as it isB.as it didC.was isD.did it【答案】B【解析】考查强调句用法。“过去分词+as it is(was)”“现在分词+as it does (did)”是一种强调语气的表示原因的结构。由于lying为lie的现在分词，故用“现在分词+as it does (did)”这个句型，此句相当于：As it lay far back in the mountains.句意：由于煤矿位于深山深处，所以必须从深谷里运来。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree（ ）.