2022年考博英语-同济大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷36（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-同济大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题I _ my excitement about the upcoming holiday.问题1选项A.crushB.subdueC.conquerD.tranquilize【答案】B【解析】动词词义辨析。crush “压碎，镇压”；subdue “压制，征服”；conquer “征服”；tranquilize“使镇静，使安静”。句意：我压制住我对即将到来的假期的兴奋。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题Very few people could understand the lecture the professor delivered because its subject was very（ ）.问题1选项A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing【答案】A【解析】形容词词义辨析。obscure “费解的，不清楚的”；indefinite “不明确的”；dubious“可疑的，不可靠的”；intriguing “有趣的，迷人的”。句意：很少有人听懂教授的讲课，因为主题让人费解。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题The 100 Aker Wood may look like a dark, forbidding place these days for Michael D. Eisner. Thats where Winnie the Pooh，Piglet，and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characterswhich represent at least $ 1 billion a year in revenues for Eisners Walt Disney Co. are in full revolt. A 12-years-old lawsuit, sealed in a Los Angeles court until January, has come to light, and a series of court rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties.How large a hit Disney will take is still in dispute. Disney is appealing two rulings, including one alleging that company executives knowingly destroyed important papers related to its licensing deals. The Pooh affair may seem minor at a time when Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price and ABCs anemic ratings, but the Disney chairman hardly needs more jostling from a Silly Old Bear. Whats more, the impact could be significant. After acknowledging to the Securities Exchange Commission on Aug. 9 that “damages could total as much as several hundred million dollars” or the loss of the licensing agreement, Disney was hit with new shareholder lawsuits.Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. Pooh is Disneys single largest property, says Martin Brockstein executive editor of The Licensing Letter. That adds up to about $ 100 million in operating earnings from royalties on Pooh T-shirts, backpacks, and other merchandise? Figures Gerard Klauer Matheson & Co. analyst Jeffrey Logsdon. Last year, Disney paid $ 352 million to one pair of heirs of Winnie-the-Pooh author A. A. Milne. But the family of Stephen A. Slesinger, a New York literary agent who bought the U. S. rights in 1930，says Disney owes them $ 200 million on licenses for T-shirts and other merchandise and has cut them entirely out of the lucrative videocassette and DVD arena. Headed by Shirley Slesinger Lasswell, an 80-year-old widow who travels with a Winnie-the-Pooh bear everywhere, the family contends it is owed close to $ 1 billion, say its lawyers. Disney, which says it pays the Slesingers $ 12 million a year, insists the $ 1 billion figure is a publicity stunt. “The 1930 contract says they get royalties on merchandise alone, not all exploitation,” says Disney attorney Daniel J. Petrocelli.The Slesingers also charge that Disney lost documents related to merchandise sales and destroyed others that extended the accord to DVDs and videotapes. On June 18，Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Ernest M. Hiroshige rejected the audit by a forensic accountant he thought unduly favored Disney and found that Disney “misused the discovery process” by hiding the fact that it destroyed documents that might have expanded the licensing agreement to tapes and DVDs.Absent those documentswhich include the papers of the late Disney Consumer Products chief Vincent Jefferdsthe case may hinge on the “mommy memo.” That memo, written in 1983 by Slesinger daughter Patricia to her mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at the Beverly Hills Hotel at which Jefferds allegedly told Patricia “that videos and all these new things were covered and to shut up about it,” according to court documents. Because Disney destroyed Jefferds letters, Judge Hiroshige ruled that Disney is barred from “introducing evidence disputing” the familys contention that they were entitled to royalties on videocassettes. Disney is appealing the ruling.Settlement seems unlikely among the parties. One obstacle: the still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fields, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case. This time, the character may be soft and fuzzy, but the payout could be bigger. For Eisner, Pooh is becoming one Very Big Bother.1.The expression “in full revolt” in the sentence “Thats where Winnie the Pooh, Piglet, and Eeyore live, and the cartoon characters., are in full revolt. ” (Para. 1) implies that _.2.The word “anemic” in the expression “Eisner is under attack for., ABCs anemic ratings” (Para. 2) can be paraphrased as _.3.The sentence “Disney wants to keep its grip on that bear and his honey jar. (Para. 3) can best be explained as which of the following?4.Why does the author say that Disneys case may “hinge on the mommy memo ”？5.Which of the following CANNOT be concluded from the passage?问题1选项A.the cartoon characters are no longer popularB.Disney is seriously involved in lawsuitsC.they show the sign of defeat of Disney in lawsuitsD.the cartoon characters no longer play positive roles问题2选项A.flexibleB.changingC.steadyD.declining问题3选项A.Disney wants to take back the bear so as to make more honey.B.Disney wants to take control of its cartoon characters.C.Disney wants to keep the most profitable property Winnie the Pooh.D.Disney wants to win the 12-year-old lawsuit.问题4选项A.Because Disney has been barred from introducing further evidence.B.Because the documents related to Disneys merchandise sales cannot be found.C.Because this might be the only document revealing Disneys original attitude.D.Because Slesinger daughter faithfully recorded Jefferds words.问题5选项A.Disney has introduced convincing evidence to defend itself.B.Disney has destroyed some important papers on purpose.C.Disney has lost in the 1999 case with Jeffrey Katzenberg.D.The stock price of Disney has been going down for a period of time.【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句，“A 12-years-old lawsuitand a series of court rulings threaten the media giant with hundreds of millions in overdue license payments and possibly the loss of one of its most lucrative properties.”，可知迪斯尼公司卷入了诉讼案件，将遭受巨大的损失，所以致使那里的维尼熊、小猪皮杰等卡通人物全力反抗。选项B符合题意。 2.词义题。根据文章第二段第三句，“when Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price and ABCs anemic ratings”，可知艾斯纳受到了两方面的打击，一方面是迪斯尼较低的股价，另一方面是ABC较低的评级，所以anemic的意思应该为低迷的、下降的。选项D符合题意。 3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“Pooh is Disneys single largest property”，可知小熊维尼是迪斯尼最大的财产，下文接着提到了小熊维尼的商权版税带来的巨大收益，所以迪斯尼想保留最赚钱的财产-小熊维尼。选项C符合题意。 4.细节理解题。根据文章第五段，“That memo, written in 1983 by Slesinger daughter Patricia to her mother, Shirley, describes a meeting with Jefferds at the Beverly Hills Hotel”，可知备忘录是斯莱辛格女儿帕特里夏于1983年写给她的妈妈雪莉的，里面记叙了在贝佛利山酒店与杰拉德的一次会面，杰拉德是迪斯尼产品的消费主管，所以在其他文件都已经销毁的情况下，妈咪备忘录可能是揭示迪斯尼最初态度的文件。选项C符合题意。 5.细节理解题。根据文章第二段，“company executives knowingly destroyed important papers related to its licensing deals.”，可知迪斯尼高管销毁了与授权交易相关的重要文件，选项B可排除。根据文章第二段，“Eisner is under attack for Disneys chronically weak stock price”，可知艾斯纳受到迪尼斯股价长期下行的打击。选项D可排除。根据文章最后一段， “One obstacle: the still-simmering animosity toward Slesinger lawyer Bertram Fields, who won a $ 250 million settlement for former Disney studio chief Jeffrey Katzenberg in a hyper-charged 1999 case.”，可知1999年，斯林格律师伯特伦菲尔兹为迪士尼公司前首席执行官杰弗里卡森伯格赢得了2.5亿美元的和解金。可推测障碍之一就是迪斯尼诉讼的失败。选项C可排除。选项A符合题意。4. 单选题In his 1976 study of slavery in the United States, Herbert Gutman, like Fogel，Engerman, and Genovese, has rightly stressed the slaves，achievements. But unlike these historians, Gutman gives plantation owners little credit for these achievements. Rather, Gutman argues that one must look to the Black family and the slaves extended kinship system to understand how crucial achievements, such as the maintenance of a cultural heritage and the development of a communal consciousness, were possible. His findings compel attention.Gutman recreates the family and extended kinship structure mainly through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon, quantifiable data, derived in this case mostly from plantation birth registers. He also uses accounts of ex-slaves to probe the human reality behind his statistics. These sources indicate that the two-parent household predominated in slave quarters just as it did among freed slaves after emancipation. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent, he shows that the slaves preference, revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent, was very much for stable monogamy. In less conclusive fashion Fogel, Engerman, and Genovese had already indicated the predominance of two-parent households; however, only Gutman emphasizes the preference for stable monogamy and points out what stable monogamy meant for the slaves cultural heritage. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission ofand so was crucial in sustainingthe Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another, a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences.Gutmans examination of other facets of kinship also produces important findings. Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners. This preference for exogamy, Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage, which，though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. This taboo against cousins marrying is important, argues Gutman, because it is one of many indications of a strong awareness among slaves of an extended kinship network. The fact that distantly related kin would care for children separated from their families also suggests this awareness. When blood relationships were few, as in newly created plantations in the Southwest, “fictive” kinship arrangements took their place until a new pattern of consanguinity developed. Gutman presents convincing evidence that this extended kinship structurewhich he believes developed by the mid-to-late eighteenth centuryprovided the foundations for the strong communal consciousness that existed among slaves.In sum, Gutmans study is significant because it offers a closely reasoned and original explanation of some of the slaves achievements，one that correctly emphasizes the resources that slaves themselves possessed.1.With which of the following statements regarding the resources that historians ought to use would the author of the passage be most likely to agree?2.Which of the following statements about the formation of the Black heritage of folklore, music，and religious expression is best supported by the information presented in the passage?3.Which of the following statements concerning the marriage practices of plantation owners during the period of Black slave in the United States can most logically be inferred from the information in the passage?4.Which of the following best describes the organization of the passage?5.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for the passage based on its content?问题1选项A.Historians ought to make use of written rather than oral accounts.B.Historians should rely primarily on birth registers.C.Historians should rely exclusively on data that can be quantified.D.Historians ought to make use of data that can be quantified.问题2选项A.The heritage was formed primarily out of the experiences of those slaves who attempted to preserve the stability of their families.B.The heritage was not formed out of the experience of those slaves who married their cousins.C.The heritage was formed more out of the African than out of the American experiences of slaves.D.The heritage was not formed out of the experiences of only a single generation of slaves.问题3选项A.These practices began to alter sometime around the mid-eighteenth century.B.These practices varied markedly from one region of the country to another.C.Plantation owners usually based their choice of marriage partners on economic considerations.D.Plantation owners often married their cousins.问题4选项A.The author compares and contrasts the work of several historians and then discussed areas for possible new research.B.The author presents his thesis，draws on work of several historians for evidence to support his thesis, and concludes by reiterating his thesis.C.The author describes some features of a historical study and then uses those features to put forth his own argument.D.The author presents the general argument of a historical study，describes the study in more detail, and concludes with a brief judgment of the studys value.问题5选项A.The influence of Herbert Gutman on Historians of Slavery in the United States.B.Gutmans Explanation of How Slaves Could Maintain a Cultural Heritage and Develop a Communal Consciousness.C.Slavery in the United States: New Controversy About an Old Subject.D.The Black Heritage of Folklore, Music, and Religious Expression: Its Growing Influence.【答案】第1题:D第2题:D第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句, “through an ingenious use of what any historian should draw upon, quantifiable data”，可知Gutman主要通过灵活使用任何历史学家都应该利用的可量化数据重现黑人家庭和扩展的亲属结构。选项D符合题意。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句，“the Black heritage of folklore, music, and religious expression from one generation to another”，可知黑人遗产代代相传，如民俗、音乐和宗教，所以这些遗产不是由一代奴隶的经历形成的，是代代相传的。选项D符合题意。 3.推断题。根据文章第三段第二句，“Gutman discovers that cousins rarely married, an exogamous tendency that contrasted sharply with the endogamy practiced by the plantation owners.”，可知Gutman发现，表亲之间很少通婚，这是一种异族通婚的倾向，与种植园主实行的同族通婚形成了鲜明的对比。可推断出农场主是主张同族通婚的。选项D符合题意。选项D符合题意。 4.主旨题。纵观全文，第一段主要介绍了Gutman的主要观点和发现，第二段和第三段详细介绍了他在黑人家庭和扩展以及亲属关系等各方面的研究方法和过程，最后一段作了总结，指出Gutman的研究是意义重大的，因为它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。选项D符合题意。 5.主旨题。纵观全文，本文主要提到了Gutman提出黑人家族和奴隶的长期血统对维护文化遗产和公共意识的发展带来了成就和贡献。所以本文的话题是黑人奴隶，并且总结表明，他的研究它对其中一些奴隶的成就提供了一个最严格的推理和原始的解释。他的研究解释了奴隶是如何保持文化遗产和发展集体意识的。选项B符合题意。5. 单选题The field of sociology in the United States developed as a result of a social experience which had very little to do with the political and ideological controversies that stimulated sociology in France and Germany. Rather, the discipline evolved as a result of the experiences associated with the problems of an immigrant society caught in the turmoil of rapid industrialization and urban growth. Indeed, it must be emphasized that from its beginning, sociology has had a very practical interest, which was characterized less by political divisiveness than by social reform and social work. This practical emphasis in the discipline has continued to persist to the present. It has only been since World War，however, that there has existed something in American higher education that could be properly termed a “sociological establishment” or a highly respected academic field of study. Its major strength as an academic discipline resulted from its empirical and sophisticated approach to the identification and solution of practical but highly significant social problems.Today，what does the academic sociologist do? Professional sociologists are individuals who study and teach about societies，social institutions，and the patterns of human interaction and human behavior. As a scientific discipline，sociology may be divided into three broad, analytical fields: the study of groups; institutions analysis; and the study of the social structure in general. Thus, the content of the rapidly expanding discipline of sociology is based upon culture and society，with emphasis placed upon the study of the various types of interaction and relationships which exist among individuals and human groups. In the study of such areas as social organization and disorganization, sociologists attempted to explain the evolution and change of social institutions and the changing nature of human attitudinal and value systems. Among the selected topics of investigation included within the study of sociology are the changing nature of family life，institutional life, sexual attitudes, crime and violence，religious values, and the entire gamut of interpersonal relationships in politics and government. Indeed，many of the areas which professional sociologists study are, by their very nature, relatively familiar to many of us even though they are not clearly understood. The basic hypotheses of the disciplinethat social life (both group and individual behavior) is patterned； that value and attitudes are learned, reinforced, and shared; that we as individuals are, in many respects，what others consider us to beare ideas which most people now instinctively accept in order to live and function as members of society. These topics, which emphasize individual and group behavior processes, then, comprise areas of concern for sociology as one of the behavior science disciplines.During these last decades of the twentieth century advanced Western society will continue to be confronted with crucial social issues in the context of both individual and group behavior patterns resulting from continued rapid technological expansion. The solution to the problem plaguing our complex society will become，to a much greater extent, the primary responsibility of sociology, social psychology, and cultural anthropology, the three major academic disciplines comprising the behavioral sciences. This trend is being witnessed currently by the increasing numbers of behavioral scientists that are being employed by government, by business and industry, by hospitals and other agencies devoted to problems of health care, by welfare agencies, by public educational systems, and by many other types of organizations in which some systematic knowledge of human behavior is required.1.The primary purpose of the passage is to _.2.Which of the following statements about sociology would the author be most likely to disagree with?3.It can be inferred from the passage that social psychology and cultural anthropology_.4.Which of the following statements would the author most likely agree with?5.The word “empirical” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to_.问题1选项A.distinguish sociology in the United States from sociology in France and GermanyB.compare sociology with social psychology and cultural anthropologyC.provide a general discussion of modern Western sociology and its significanceD.show that sociology is the study of social institutions问题2选项A.Most sociologists are interested in theoretical rather than practical questions.B.There is a discernable structure to everyone s behavior.C.Human behavior can be systematically studied.D.Ones self-image is not encoded genetically.问题3选项A.are subareas of sociologyB.are other names for sociologyC.will achieve the academic respectability of sociologyD.may be consulted for solutions to sociology problems问题4选项A.Sociology theory is rarely based on empirical evidence.B.The problems facing sociologists do not change as times change.C.The problems of immigrants in a new culture stimulate sociological research.D.There are factors in interpersonal relationships that are not of interests to the sociologist.问题5选项A.“relating to experience and observation”B.“relating to behavior and manner”C.“