2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷62（附答案带详解）

2022年考博英语-哈尔滨师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题Hot metal _ as it grows cooler.问题1选项A.contractsB.reducesC.condensesD.compresses【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. contracts（使）收缩，缩小 B. reduces减少；降低C. condenses（由气体）冷凝，（使气体）凝结 D. compresses（被）压紧，压缩【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词cooler（变冷），结合常识可知，热胀冷缩，所以空格处表示“缩小”，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C项不符合句意；D项是指由于外力的压缩造成的，不符合语境。【句意】热金属一开始变冷就收缩。2. 单选题_ energy under the earth must be released in one form or another, for example, in an earthquake.问题1选项A.AccumulatedB.AssembledC.GatheredD.Collected【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. Accumulated积累；积聚 B. Assembled聚集；集合C. Gathered集合；归拢（分散的东西） D. Collected收集；采集【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据谓语动词must be released（必须被释放）可推知，能量积累到一定程度的时候必须释放出来，所以_ energy是指“积累的能量”，accumulate指任何事物量的增加，侧重于连续不断地、一点一滴地聚积，该题选择A项符合句意。【干扰项排除】B项指把人或事物聚集在一起；C项侧重于围绕一个中心的集合、聚集；D项侧重于指有区别地作选择或有安排有计划地把零散物集中起来；以上三项都不符合句意。【句意】地下积累的能量必须以一种或另一种形式释放出来，例如地震。3. 单选题John said that his present job does not provide him with enough _ for his organizing ability.问题1选项A.scopeB.spaceC.capacityD.range【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. scope（做或实现某事的）机会，能力；（题目、组织、活动等的）范围 B. space（可利用的）空地，空间C. capacity容量；容积；容纳能力 D. range（变动或浮动的）范围，界限【答案】A【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词organizing ability（组织能力）可知，enough _指的是“（发挥组织能力的）足够空间”，而scope是指实现某事或者做某事的机会或能力，符合句意，故该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B项牛津释义是an amount of an area or of a place that is empty or that is available for use（空的或可供使用的区域或地方），不符合句意；C、D项不符合句意。【句意】约翰说他目前的工作不能为他的组织能力提供足够的施展空间。4. 单选题Ten days ago the young man informed his boss of his intention to _.问题1选项A.resignB.rejectC.retreatD.replace【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. resign辞职，辞去（某职务） B. reject拒绝接受；不予考虑C. retreat退却；撤退 D. replace代替，取代【答案】A【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键信息informed his boss（通知了他的老板）可推知，空格处表示“辞职”符合句意，该题选择A项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】10天前，这个年轻人告诉他的老板他打算辞职。5. 单选题Passage 1There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in a great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people to, organize other peoples work, to begin it and judge it. The specialist understands one field: his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalistand especially the administratordeals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving.He is an “educated” man; and humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in a particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.Your first job may turn out to be the right job for youbut this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job: it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.21. There is an increasing demand for _.22. The specialist is _.23. The administrator is _.24. During your training period, it is important _.25. A mans first job _.问题1选项A.specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to othersB.all-round people in their own fieldC.people whose job is to organize other peoples workD.generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional问题2选项A.a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional mattersB.a man whose job is to train other peopleC.a man who has been trained in more than one fieldD.a man who can see the forest rather than the trees问题3选项A.a man who is an “educated” specialistB.a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalistC.a man who sees the trees as well as the forestD.a man who is very strong in the humanities问题4选项A.to try to be a generalistB.to choose a profitable jobC.to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalistD.to find an organization which fits you问题5选项A.should not be regarded as his final jobB.is never the right job for himC.should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any jobD.is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】21.【选项释义】21. There is an increasing demand for _. 21. 对_的需求日益增加。A. specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others A. 主要关心为他人提供行政指导的专家B. all-round people in their own field B. 各自领域的全能型人才C. people whose job is to organize other peoples work C. 以组织他人工作为工作职责的人D. generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional D. 技术或专业教育背景的通才【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据increasing demand定位至第一段第三、四句“但是，人们越来越需要那些一眼就能看到广阔领域的人，这些人可能对任何一个领域都不太了解。换句话说，人们需要能够看到整个森林而不是树木的人，需要能够做出一般判断的人。”理解可知，能够做出一般判断的人的需求日益增加，结合第一段第五句“我们可以称这些人为通才，这些通才在行政管理职位上尤其需要，他们的工作是监督其他人工作，他们必须为其他人计划、组织其工作、开始工作和评判工作”可知，能够做出一般判断的人指的是行政管理职位上的人，C项“以组织他人工作为工作职责的人”同属行政管理的职能，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项“主要关心为他人提供行政指导的专家”，根据原文可知，“通才”才是关心领导力、计划和方向的人才，该项属于张冠李戴；B项“各自领域的全能型人才”，根据解题思路可知，需要的这类“通才”可能对任何一个领域都不太了解，该项属于反向干扰；D项“技术或专业教育背景的通才”，根据原文可知，专家的教育背景才是技术或专业，该项属于张冠李戴。22.【选项释义】22. The specialist is _. 22. 专家是_。A. a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters A. 专门从事技术或专业事务的人B. a man whose job is to train other people B. 一个以训练他人为工作职责的人C. a man who has been trained in more than one field C. 在多个领域受过训练的人D. a man who can see the forest rather than the trees D. 一个能看到整个森林而不是树木的人【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段倒数第二句“专家只了解一个领域，他的教育背景是适当的技术或专业”可知，专家是专门从事技术或专业事务的人，该题选择A项“专门从事技术或专业事务的人”正确。【干扰项排除】B项“一个以训练他人为工作职责的人”、C项“在多个领域受过训练的人”和D项“一个能看到整个森林而不是树木的人”是“通才”所具备的能力，都属于张冠李戴。23.【选项释义】23. The administrator is _. 23. 管理者是_。A. a man who is an “educated” specialist A. 受过“教育”的专家B. a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist B. 一个“训练有素”的人，他是一个专家而不是通才C. a man who sees the trees as well as the forest C. 既能看到树木又能看到森林的人D. a man who is very strong in the humanities D. 很擅长人文学科的人【答案】D【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段第一句“他是一个有教养的人；人文学科是他最坚实的基础”可知，人文学科对管理者而言是最坚固的基础，也就是说管理者很擅长人文学科，故该题选择D项“很擅长人文学科的人”。【干扰项排除】A项“受过教育的专家”和B项“一个训练有素的人，他是一个专家而不是通才”，根据第二段第二句“很少有专家能成为管理人员”可知，该项属于反向干扰；C项“既能看到树木又能看到森林的人”根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“通才尤其是管理者与人打交道”可知，管理者就是通才，而前文提到通才是“能够看到整个森林而不是树木的人”，该项属于曲解原文。24.【选项释义】24. During your training period, it is important _. 24. 在你的培训期间，_是重要的。A. to try to be a generalist A. 努力成为一个通才B. to choose a profitable job B. 选择有利可图的工作C. to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist C. 决定你是适合做专家还是通才D. to find an organization which fits you D. 找一个适合你的组织【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“在培训期间，你的任务是找出你适合这两种工作中的哪一种，并据此规划你的职业生涯”，第二段提到的两种工作就是通才和专家，所以在培训期间，找到自己适合做专家还是通才是重要的，该题选择C项“决定你是适合做专家还是通才”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“努力成为一个通才”与原文不符，该项属于曲解原文；B项“选择有利可图的工作”和D项“找一个适合你的组织”文中没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。25.【选项释义】25. A mans first job _. 25. 一个人的第一份工作_。A. should not be regarded as his final job A. 不应该被视为自己的最后一份工作B. is never the right job for him B. 永远不适合他C. should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job C. 不应该被改变，否则人们会怀疑他是否有能力胜任任何工作D. is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job D. 主要是让自己适应最后一份工作的机会【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第三段“你的第一份工作可能是适合你的但这纯粹是偶然。当然，你不应该经常换工作，否则人们会怀疑你从事任何工作的能力。同时，你也不能把第一份工作看成最后一份工作：它主要是一份培训工作，一个了解你自己以及你是否适合成为一名员工的机会。”，从中理解可知，第一份工作可能是适合的，但是不应该把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，所以该题选择A项“不应该被视为自己的最后一份工作”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“永远不适合他”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰；C项“不应该被改变，否则人们会怀疑他是否有能力胜任任何工作”，不是不应该改变，而是不应该经常换工作，该项属于曲解原文；D项“主要是让自己适应最后一份工作的机会”，不应该把第一份工作看作是最后一份工作，该项属于反向干扰。6. 单选题The reason he wants to take a leave of absence is _.问题1选项A.because he is needing a complete restB.because he needed a complete restC.that he needs a complete restD.because a complete rest is needed by him【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. because he is needing a complete rest B. because he needed a complete restC. that he needs a complete rest D. because a complete rest is needed by him【答案】C【考查点】表语从句。【解题思路】分析句子可知，句子缺少表语，而结合选项可知，该句的句意是“他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息”，所以空格处是一个表语从句，because和that都可以引导表语从句，而“需要休息”的主体是he，所以从句中的主语用he，又根据前面的wants可知，need应该同样用一般现在时，故该题选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项need一般不用于进行时态；B项need时态使用错误；D项主语应该是he，故排除。【句意】他想休假的原因是他需要充分休息。7. 单选题My brothers plans are _; he wants to master English, French and Spanish before he is sixteen.问题1选项A.arbitraryB.ambitiousC.aggressiveD.abundant【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. arbitrary任意的；武断的 B. ambitious有野心的；有雄心的C. aggressive好斗的；挑衅的 D. abundant大量的；丰盛的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析。【解题思路】根据后半句的句意“他想在16岁之前掌握英语、法语和西班牙语”可得知，他的计划是雄心勃勃的，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。【句意】我哥哥的计划雄心勃勃；他想在16岁之前掌握英语、法语和西班牙语。8. 单选题They did not find _ to prepare for the worst conditions they might meet.问题1选项A.worth their whileB.it worthwhileC.it worthD.it worthy【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. worth their while值得 B. it worthwhile值得C. it worth值得 D. it worthy值得【答案】B【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】根据find可知，find it + adj. + to do是固定搭配，表示“发现干某事是”，而worthwhile的搭配是it is worthwhile to do（做某事是值得的），所以该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A项不符合固定搭配；C项worth要与doing搭配使用；D项worthy要与of搭配使用。【句意】他们觉得为可能遇到的最坏情况做准备是不值得的。9. 单选题His temper and personality show that he can become a soldier of the top _.问题1选项A.circleB.rankC.categoryD.grade【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. circle圆圈 B. rank（尤指较高的）地位，级别C. category（人或事物的）类别，种类 D. grade等级，品级【答案】B【考查点】名词辨析。【解题思路】根据关键词soldier和top可知，此处是指最高军衔的军人，而rank指人在社会中的地位或等级，尤指军队中的军衔，符合句意，故该题选择B项。【干扰项排除】A、C项不符合句意；D项是指按照地位或优劣划分的等级，是比较宽泛的等级，放在句中不恰当。【句意】他的脾气和个性表明他能成为一名有最高军衔的军人。10. 翻译题He is a former scientist who transitioned to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.【答案】他曾是一名科学家，多年前转行到工业界，然后担任高级管理职位。11. 单选题Passage 2Not all language is verbal. Some of our communication occurs without words. We often use our entire bodies for communication. We may raise our eyebrows to indicate surprise. Perhaps we nod our heads to show that we agree with something. There are hundreds of nonverbal signals that can be used to communicate. These signals are part of language, and they are governed by rules in the same way that our spoken language is. For this reason, people who speak different languages often use different nonverbal signals as well.In addition to verbal communication and the type of nonverbal communication discussed above, there are other message systems that we use to communicate. When we speak to some people, we may stand very close to them while we may stand far away from other people. Use of space, then, is a way we can communicate the relationship we feel with another person. The way we dress can also communicate for us. The person who wears dirty jeans and a T-shirt communicates a different attitude from a person who wears neat trousers and an attractive shirt.We can even use time to communicate. The person who is on time for an appointment shows a different attitude from the person who is an hour late. Can you think of other message systems that we use?26. Language, according to the passage, is actually _.27. Nonverbal signals _.28. What does the author tell us about the T-shirt?29. People who do not speak the same language _.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication?问题1选项A.verbal onlyB.verbal and nonverbal as wellC.totally nonverbalD.verbal communication rather than nonverbal signals问题2选项A.have few rulesB.are less useful than speechC.are often used in communicationD.are entirely separate from language问题3选项A.It is a kind of informal clothing.B.It is accepted on formal occasions.C.It is popular on campus only.D.It is admired by educated people.问题4选项A.have no nonverbal signals in commonB.cannot understand any nonverbal signalsC.have different nonverbal signalsD.use the same nonverbal signals in any case问题5选项A.Thoughts.B.Time.C.Appearance.D.Space.【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:C第5题:A【解析】26.【选项释义】26. Language, according to the passage, is actually _. 26. 根据这篇文章，语言实际上_。A. verbal only A. 只是言语的B. verbal and nonverbal as well B. 是言语的和非言语的C. totally nonverbal C. 是完全非言语的D. verbal communication rather than nonverbal signals D. 是口头交流而不是非言语信号【答案】B【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据第一段前三句内容“并不是所有的语言都是口头的。我们的有些交流是不需要言语的。我们经常用整个身体来交流。”可知，语言包括口头语言和肢体上的语言，所以语言实际上是言语的和非言语的，故该题选择B项“是言语的和非言语的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“只是言语的”，并不是所有的语言都是口头的，该项属于反向干扰；C项“是完全非言语的”，语言包括言语和非言语，该项属于反向干扰；D项“是口头交流而不是非言语信号”，根据第一段倒数第二句“这些信号是语言的一部分，它们和我们的口语一样受到了规则的支配”可知，非言语信号也是语言，该项属于反向干扰。27.【选项释义】27. Nonverbal signals _. 27. 非言语信号_。A. have few rules A. 没有什么规则B. are less useful than speech B. 不如言语有用C. are often used in communication C. 经常用于交流D. are entirely separate from language D. 完全独立于语言【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第一段第三句“我们经常用整个身体来交流”可知，身体交流属于非言语信号，也就是说非言语信号经常用于交流，该题选择C项“经常用于交流”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“没有什么规则”根据第一段倒数第二句“这些信号是语言的一部分，它们和我们的口语一样受到了规则的支配”可知，非言语信号也受到了规则的支配，该项属于反向干扰；B项“不如言语有用”，文中没有提到非言语信号不如言语有用，并且第一段第二句指出“我们的一些交流是不需要言语的”，所以该项属于反向干扰；D项“完全独立于语言”文中没有提到，该项属于无中生有。28.【选项释义】28. What does the author tell us about the T-shirt? 28. 关于T恤，作者告诉了我们什么？A. It is a kind of informal clothing. A. 这是一种非正式的服装。B. It is accepted on formal occasions. B. 在正式场合是可以接受的。C. It is popular on campus only. C. 它只在校园里流行。D. It is admired by educated people. D. 它受到受过教育的人的赞赏。【答案】A【考查点】推理判断题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第二段最后一句“穿脏的牛仔裤和T恤的人与穿整洁的裤子和漂亮的衬衫的人传达的是不同的态度”可知，穿脏牛仔裤和T恤与穿整洁的裤子和漂亮的衬衫的人传达了不同的态度，那么可推断，穿T恤是一种非正式的服装，而穿整洁的裤子和漂亮的衬衫则是正式服装，该题选择A项“这是一种非正式的服装”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“在正式场合是可以接受的”与原文相反，该项属于反向干扰；C项“它只在校园里流行”和D项“它受到受过教育的人的赞赏”文中没有提到，这两项属于无中生有。29.【选项释义】29. People who do not speak the same language _. 29. 说不同语言的人_。A. have no nonverbal signals in common A. 没有共同的非言语信号B. cannot understand any nonverbal signals B. 不能理解任何非言语信号C. have different nonverbal signals C. 有不同的非言语信号D. use the same nonverbal signals in any case D. 在任何情况下都要使用相同的非言语信号【答案】C【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据题干定位至第一段最后一句“说不同语言的人也经常使用不同的非言语信号”可知，说不同语言的人有不同的非言语信号，该题选择C项“有不同的非言语信号”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A项“没有共同的非言语信号”、B项“不能理解任何非言语信号”和D项“在任何情况下都要使用相同的非言语信号”文中没有提及，这三项属于无中生有。30.【选项释义】30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a form of nonverbal communication? 30. 下列哪一项没有被提到作为一种非言语交际的形式？A. Thoughts. A. 思想。B. Time. B. 时间。C. Appearance. C. 外表。D. Space. D. 空间。【答案】A【考查点】细节事实题。【解题思路】根据第二段倒数第二三句“因此，利用空间是我们与他人沟通感情的一种方式。我们的穿着方式也可以为我们传达信息。”，以及第三段第一句“我们甚至可以用时间来交流”可知，空间、穿着和时间都是非言语交际的形式，只有思想没有提到，故该题选择A项“思想”符合题意。【干扰项排除】B项“时间”、C项“外表”和D项“外表”都是非言语交际的形式，这三项属于反向干扰。12. 翻译题Anyone can make things bigger and more complex, what requires real effort and courage is to move in the opposite directionin other words, to make things as simple as possible.【答案】任何人都可以把事情做得更大、更复杂，但真正需要努力和勇气的是朝相反的方向走，换句话说，就是把事情做得尽可能简单。13. 单选题Home economists recommend _ in large quantities.问题1选项A.to buy basic food itemsB.buying basic items of the foodC.buying basic food itemsD.to buy basic items of the food【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. to buy basic food items购买基本食品 B. buying basic items of the food购买基本食品C. buying basic food items购买基本食品 D. to buy basic items of the food购买基本食品【答案】C【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】food items是常见搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D项；recommend可以和to do搭配，也可以与doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommend sb. to do sth.表示“建议某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommend doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，所以此处选择C项。【干扰项排除】A项要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；B、D项不符合固定搭配。【句意】家庭经济学家建议大量购买基本食品。14. 单选题Passage twoPsychological tests are tools. Like all tools, their effectiveness depends on the knowledge, skill, and sincerity of the user. A hammer can be used to build a beautiful kitchen cabinet of it can be used as a weapon of assault. Like a hammer, intelligence tests can be used for positive purposes or they can be abusive. It is important for both the test constructor and the test examiner to be familiar with the current state of scientific knowledge about intelligence and intelligence tests.Even though they have limitations, intelligence tests are among psychologys most widely used tools. To be effective, though, intelligence tests must be viewed realistically. They should not be thought of as a fixed, unchanging indicator of a persons intelligence. They should also be used in conjunction with other information about a person and should not be relied upon as the sole indicator of whether a child should be placed in a special-education or gifted class. The childs developmental history, medical background, performance in school, social competencies, and family experiences should be taken into account, too.The single number provided by many IQ tests can easily lead to stereotypes and expectations about a person. Many people do not know how to sweeping generalizations about a person are too often made on the basis of an IQ score. Imagine, for example, that you are a teacher sitting in the teachers lounge the day after school has started in the fall. You mention a studentJohnny Jones and a fellow teacher remarks that she had Johnny in class last year, and goes on to say that he was a real dunce, pointing out that his IQ is 78. You cannot help but remember this information, and it may lead you to think that Johnny Jones is not very bright so it is useless to spend much time teaching him. In this way, IQ scores are misused and stereotypes are formed.26. According to the author, intelligence tests _.27. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?28. The word “dunce” (Para. 3) stands for _.29. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that _.30. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.cannot be used as the indicator of a persons intelligenceB.can be used for positive purposes and can also be misusedC.are widely used because it is the sole indicator of ones intelligenceD.are not so effective due to their own shortcomings问题2选项A.The knowledge, skill and the sincerity of the user are the factors determining the effectiveness of the psychological test.B.Since the intelligence tests have limitations, their results are not reliable although they are used very often.C.A persons intelligence can be measured with precision and accuracy if he or she takes an intelligence test.D.Whether a child should be placed in a gifted class can easily be decided by his performance in the intelligence test.问题3选项A.an average studentB.a slow learnerC.a dancing geniusD.a lazy boy or girl问题4选项A.low score in intelligence test indicate that one is a slow learnerB.intelligence tests are not scientific and must be prohibitedC.teacher should not treat students unequall