北京语言大学21春《汉语写作》离线作业1辅导答案91

北京语言大学21春汉语写作离线作业1辅导答案1. 组成行政公文文本格式主要有( )。A.眉首B.机密公文C.版记D.落款参考答案：ABC2. 对于电子邮件来说，简洁是它的灵魂。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B3. Last year, John earned _ his brother, who is less capable. A) three times as much as B)Last year, John earned _ his brother, who is less capable.A) three times as much asB) twice as many asC) twice worseD) three times as more asA此处用到倍数表达法：“倍数+as+形容词或副词的原级+as”；而钱是不可数名词，必须用much修饰。4. _for the expenses, I should have gone to Japan.AIf it were notBHad not it beenCIf_for the expenses, I should have gone to Japan.AIf it were notBHad not it beenCIf it has not beenDHad it not been正确答案：D5. 我国小说的源头和萌芽是( )。A.先秦两汉的寓言故事B.散文C.唐传奇D.明清章回小说参考答案：A6. 属于艺术分析内容的是( )A.艺术构思B.人物介绍C.直接叙述D.景物和环境的描写参考答案：AD7. 学术论文由前置部分和主体部分两部分构成，前置部分包括题名、论文作者、摘要、关键词，主体部分包括引言、正文、结论、致谢、参考文献。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B8. 我们可以从以下三方面来考察小说的文体特征：( )A.人物B.情节C.环境D.韵律参考答案：ABC9. 在四种文体中，整体上更讲究技巧性的一种文体是( )。A.诗歌B.字数C.小说D.戏剧参考答案：C10. We are _ your letter 26 June and have acted on your instruction. Ain receipt of/duly BWe are _ your letter 26 June and haveacted on your instruction.Ain receipt of/dulyBacknowledgement of/immediatelyCin priority of/quicklyDin arrangement of/considerablyA11. 常见的过渡形式有( )A.过渡段B.过渡句C.关联词语D.没有任何标示参考答案：AB12. 人物消息是以通讯的形式报道新闻人物的活动与事迹的新闻体裁。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A13. A.onB.inC.withD.byA.onB.inC.withD.by正确答案：B14. 所有公文中最具权威性和强制性的文种是( )。A.命令B.构思是一种内视和预想，构思处处与“写”有关C.公告D.通告参考答案：A15. 第三人称代表着有别于作者和读者的小说世界，第一人称代表作者，第二人称代表读者。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A16. Under CIF,if the seller is ready to bear the charges for unloading the goods onto the dock of the poUnder CIF,if the seller is ready to bear the charges for unloading the goods onto the dock of the port of destination, which of the following variation is to be adopted? _.A. CIF landedB. CIF ex-tackleC. CIF Ex Ships-HoldD. CIF trimmedA17. 一篇文章只能有一个主题，不宜同时存在两个或两个以上的中心。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B18. 教学论文的“文献性”要求论文作者要用辩证唯物主义的科学的思想、精神和方法对论题进行实事求是的科学论证，得出符合教育教学规律的科学结论。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A19. 语言的特点有( )A.情感性B.语体性C.语境性D.风格性参考答案：BCD20. Would you like to have a try once again? _. A) Yes, I like B) No, I don&39;t likWould you like to have a try once again?_.A) Yes, I likeB) No, I dont like itC) Yes, I want very muchD) Yes, Id like toDwould like to后的内容承前省略，只保留不定式等号to。21. a此报盘以我方书面接受为准。 b此报盘以提前售出为准。 c此报盘以商品未售出为准。 d此报盘以贵方10日a此报盘以我方书面接受为准。b此报盘以提前售出为准。c此报盘以商品未售出为准。d此报盘以贵方10日之内回复为有效。e此报盘以样品确定后生效为准。f此报盘在5月1日以前为有效。g此报盘以我方最后确认为准。h此报盘以获得出口(进口)许可证为准。i此报盘以装第一艘轮船为准。j此报盘以你方答复到达我地为准。A$E$G$H$B$C$J$I$D$F22. 调查报告的写作目的非常明确。它通常是为了解决某一类问题，指导某一项工作，总结某一类经验，对某一单位、某一部门的某些具体问题进行调查研究之后写出的。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B23. Julie has been given leave from work because she is _a baby in two weeks.A. excitedJulie has been given leave from work because she is _a baby in two weeks.A. excited aboutB. expectingC. heading forD. carrying答案：B24. 总结的写作要求有( )A.正确的指导思想B.实事求是的精神C.注重实际效果D.结构恰当，语言简明参考答案：ABCD25. The mystery was solved when the police discovered the murder weapon.(英译中)The mystery was solved when the police discovered the murder weapon.(英译中)答案：当警察发现谋杀凶器时，谜团被解开了。26. 下面哪些不是行政公文?( )A.公告B.戏剧语言C.通知D.通报参考答案：B27. 构思的三个主要特征是( )。A.唯一性B.材料翔实，刻意求真C.艰苦性D.复杂性参考答案：BCD28. 图式理论(名词解释)参考答案：所谓图式理论，是指围绕某一个主题组织起来的知识的表征和贮存方式为基础的理论。29. It is necessary _ you to comply _ our shipping instructions.It is necessary _ you to comply _ our shipping instructions.for，with30. 绪论部分之后还要注明“关键词”或“主题词”，以便进行文摘、索引等。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A31. 写作过程四要素中的写作客体就是( )。A.作者B.世界C.作品D.读者参考答案：B32. Bill of Exchange The majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange eitheBill of ExchangeThe majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange either with or without a documentary credit. There are five parties to a bill of exchange : drawer, drawee, payee, acceptor and endorser.The drawer is the person who draws the bill and the drawee is the person( or firm) on whom the bill is drawn. The payee is the person or firm to whom the bill is payable and it is most frequently the drawer. The acceptor is the person who undertakes to pay the bill by writing his acceptance across the face of the bill. An acceptance is a legal undertaking to pay the amount of the bill. An endorser is a person who endorses a bill by signing his name on it(usually on the back).A bill is negotiated when it is transferred from one person to another in such a way as toconstitute the transferee , the holder of the bill. A bearer bill is one that can be passed on by mere delivery. It is one that has been made out X days after date pay the bearer,etc. or one made out to a fictitious payee , or one which has been endorsed in blank,i. e. the last endorser has not given any instructions but merely signed his name. A bearer bill does not need to be endorsed by those who negotiate it , but to some extent it is less reliable than a bill with many endorsements. Bills which are not bearer bills are negotiated by endorsement and delivery. Those endorsing a bill as agents or representatives of a company can make this clear so that they are not personally liable.When a bill is presented for acceptance, the drawee should accept it, if he refuses to do so, claiming perhaps that he has not authorized the bill to be drawn and knows nothing about it, the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance. If a bill is presented for payment on the due date,and the acceptor refuses to pay it,then the bill is dishonored by non-payment. It is now necessary for the holder to take certain action to protect himself. He must give notice of dishonor to the drawer and all other endorsers of the bill. In practice he usuaUy gives notice of the dishonor to the person from whom he obtained the bill , whogives notice to the person from whom he obtained it and the bill moves backwards towards the drawer. The process could be short-circuited if certain of the endorsers were famous names, for example accepting houses, whocouldeasily beapproacheddirectly to honor the bill. Eventually the drawer must honor it, and he will bring an action against the acceptor. If it is a foreign bill, he must protest the bill, to safeguard his rights against the drawer and endorsers. There are two ways of obtaining formal evidence of the dishonor of the bill. The first is called notingthe bill. The holder asks a notary public to re-present the bill. This official,when refused either acceptance or payment as the case may be,then writes on the face of the bill that it was dishonored. The noteconstitutes formal evidence of dishonor , so it is necessary to use the bill as evidence in court. With foreign bills a more formal process called protesting , is carried out. The notary public re-presents the bill, and if it is dishonored he draws up a formal certificate of dishonor,the protest. The protest must contain a copy of the boill,and be signed by the notary making it. It must then specify the person at whose request the bill is being protested, the place and date of protest, the cause or reason for protesting the bill,the demand made and the answer given, or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found. Protest will usually be done on the day of dishonor,but if there is good reason why this is not possible, it must be done with reasonable diligence after the delay has occurred. This might arise where the bill was presented by post and returned dishonored by post.The legal consequences of dishonor may be listed as follows :(a) The protesting of a foreign bill secures the position of the holder against all previous endorsers and the drawer. They become liable to compensate the holder for the loss he has suffered.(b)ln practice the holder will turn to the person from whom he obtained the bill and will be put in funds by that person. That person then tums to his endorser and so on.It might appear that a break in the chain could develop in the case of a bearer bill, because the bill is transferred by mere delivery and the transferor by delivery does not put his name on the bill. Although a person who transfers by delivery is not liable on the bill to the whole world , he is liable to his immediate transferee , because he warrants that the bill is what is purports to be , that he has right to transfer it , and that at the time of transferring it he knew of no fact rendering it valueless.(c) Eventually the bill reaches the drawer who honors it and turns to the acceptor. They may agree to renew the bill with suitable arrangements on interest if the acceptors difficulties are purely temporary. If this is not agreeable, the drawer may begin an action which will end in judgment for the drawer, possibly in distraint on the assets of the acceptor,or even in his bankruptcy.Sometimes bills are clausedwith phrases which require the drawee to pay more than the actual value of the bill. There are three chief reasons why these were introduced over the years. First , the aim was to throw the burden of any exchange risk on to the foreign drawee. Second,it was to enable the drawer to provide for the payment of interest by the drawee,in order to compensate the drawer for the time taken for the drawees payment to reach him. Third, a clause was often helpful in permitting the banker to act as an arbiter in deciding what rate of exchange to use when the drawee paid in local currency.When the exporters and importers have been trading with one another for some time and have built up a satisfactory trading relationship, they may decide to dispense with documentary credits and rely solely on documentary bills as a means of payment. This means that the exporter will ship his goods and attach the documents relating to the consignment to the bill of exchange, which he draws on the importer. The bill and documents are then sent through the exporters bank to the importers bank (or another bank in the importers country) for acceptance and/or payment. If they decide to trade on the basis of a clean bill of exchange then, the exporter will send the documents directly to the importer. The exporter loses control over the documents once he has parted with them and must rely upon the good faith of the importer for ultimate acceptance and payment of the bill.A bill of exchange is a useful device not only as a means of settlement but also,if it is a usance bill as a means of obtaining credit. An exporter, having drawn a usance bill on his buyer,may obtain funds immediately by negotiating the bill or by borrowing from his bank against the bill that is sent for collection. The importer has the usance of the bill as a period of credit and may be able to resell the goods and obtain the proceeds before the maturity date of the bill. The bill is also useful as evidence of a debt , which can be used in a court of law.When a biU of exchange is drawn under a documentary credit the drawer is assured of acceptance and payment by the issuing bank provided that he has fulfilled all the terms and conditions of the credit. No such assurance exists without a documentary credit, however , and therefore not to trade on a documentary bill basis is much more risky from the point of view of the exporter. Nevertheless, as the documents are channeled through the banking system with instructions that they should be handed over to the importer only against acceptance or payment of the bill, the system obviously does offer more protection than trading on the basis of clean bills of exchange.If the exporter asks his bank to collect a documentary bill on his behalf, he instructs the bank to release the documents against acceptance of the bill, the bill is known as a D/ A bill. If the documents are to be released only against payment the bill is a D/P bill. While a sight bill is drawn the documents will be handed over only against payment, but for the majority of usance bills the instruction to the bank is to release the documents against acceptanceof thebill. Insomecountries, particularlyintheFar East, the documents may not be handed over until payment, even if the exporter wishes them to be released against acceptance. This encourages the importer to pay the bill before maturity. In some countries, it is possible for the importer legally to demand the documents upon acceptance of the bill, even though the exporters instructions are for documents against payment. The drawee of a bill is entitled to inspect the documents. If the bill is a D/P bill, the drawee is usually allowed to respect them at the bank.The process of discounting a foreign bill of exchange is called negotiation. The procedure is similar to that of discounting a domestic bill,in that the banker buys the bill and hands over the face value of it less discount,but there are some differences. Unlike a domestic bill,the bill will probably not have been accepted and may be either a sight bill or a usance bill. Indeed there may not be a bill at all as the documents may be negotiated on their own ones. When a bank negotiates a bill,it in effect buys it and then sends it for collection in its own right. However, it usually requires the exporter to sign a form undertaking to recompense the bank in the event of the bill being unpaid.The amount of interest charged by a bank on a negotiation is calculated on the period between the date of negotiation and the date on which the bank receives the proceeds , and will include the time in getting the bill presented for acceptance , for it is only then that the usance of most bills begins to become effective.Another expense that will be deducted by the negotiating bank will be the postal charges andstamp duty ,if any, plusa commission.Questions for reading :There are five parties to a bill of exchange: drawer, drawee, payee, acceptor and endorser.$A bearer bill is one that can be passed on by mere delivery.$When a bill is presented for acceptance, if the drawee refuses to accept it, the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance. If a bill is presented for payment on the due date, and the acceptor refuses to pay it, then the bill is dishonored by non-payment.$He must give notice of dishonor to the drawer and all other endorsers of the bill. If it is a foreign bill, he must protest the bill, to safeguard his rights against the drawer and endorsers.$The protesting of a foreign bill secures the position of the holder against all previous endorsers and the drawer. They become liable to compensate the holder for the loss he has suffered. In practice the holder will turn to the person from whom he obtained the bill and will be put in funds by that person. That person then turns to his endorser and so on.$A bill of exchange is a useful device not only as a means of settlement but also, if it is a usance bill as a means of obtaining credit. The bill is also useful as evidence of a debt, which can be used in a court of law.33. 衡量一篇文章的质量、价值与作用的重要尺度是( )。A.主题B.为情造文C.语言D.结构参考答案：A34. 消息的简短要以( )为原则A.长篇累牍B.内容充实C.描写细致D.叙述清楚参考答案：BD35. 小小说环境描写的要求是明概括。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A36. We are looking forward to receiving your cable extension of the above L/C thus enabling us to effectWe are looking forward to receiving your cable extension of the above L/C thus enabling us to effect shipment of the goodsAout of questionBin questionCin the questionDout of the questionB37. 演讲稿又叫演说词，它是用作口头发表的演讲文稿。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B38. 教案是向学生传授科学知识的重要途径，因而，它自身的科学性显得尤为突出和重要。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B39. The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。40. 教案必须适应学生的认知规律和知识与能力的生成转化规律，事实确凿，表述清楚直白。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B41. 蒙太奇原本是建筑学上的用语，意为装配、安装。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A42. 庄重的语言风格样式是严肃、沉静、端方、凝重。在许多时候，它更多地体现为一种文体上的风格表现。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B43. His work was _ than that of any other man in the school. A) by far better B) better by farHis work was _ than that of any other man in the school.A) by far betterB) better by farC) by far the best D) the best by farBthan前应用比较级形式，因此C，D选项排除；当by far修饰形容词强调数量或程度时，它须放在比较级之后，意为“得多”；但当by far比较级前面有冠词时，可以放在比较级前。如：This is by far the better of the two. 两者之中，这一个好得多。44. 小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤，袋重1.5公斤。小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤，袋重1.5公斤。The wheat is to be packed in new gunny bags of 100 kg and each bag weighs about 1.5 kg.45. 观光层高达263米，是乌瞰全市景色的最佳处所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见，真有“登泰山观光层高达263米，是乌瞰全市景色的最佳处所。当风和日丽时，举目远望，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见，真有“登泰山而小天下”之感。The observation deck,263 meters high,is the best place to get a birds eye view of the city.On a sunny day,the deck commands an indistinct view of Sheshan,Jinshan and the Chongming Island far away.Standing on the deck.one gets the feeling that the world is belittled.以上的这段译文中，“高达263米，鸟瞰全市景色”都采用了准确和精练的直译。删除了引自论语中的一句话“登泰山而小天下”，进行了翻译中的省略处理。原文中引用此语无非是形容观光层之高。如果要将“泰山”译出，反而容易引起歧义。46. 戏剧文学的文体特点包括( )。A.戏剧冲突是戏剧文学的本质特征B.集中性和整一性是戏剧文学的美学原则C.台词和动作是戏剧文学的基本材料和外在形式D.押韵、对偶，讲究平仄参考答案：ABC47. 请将正确答案填在第57处。请将正确答案填在第57处。正确答案：EE48. A dozen eggs _ 5 nowadays. A) has cost B) costs C) cost D) are costA dozen eggs _ 5 nowadays.A) has costB) costsC) costD) are costCa dozen eggs意为“一打鸡蛋”复数概念。49. 广播广告文案中一些重要的信息，比如品牌名称，必须想办法多次“重复”。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A50. 修改的主要内容包括( )。A.改换标题B.思路宽阔，旁征博引，中外逢源，古今无阻C.增删材料D.间架调整参考答案：ABCD