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重难点05 定语从句【命题趋势】定语从句是中学英语语法中的重点内容,也是中考中常考查的一个考点。定语从句,顾名思义,就是在整个句子中充当定语的句子,他的作用就是用来修饰和限定名词的。【满分技巧】1. 在解题过程中,首先要正确判断是不是定语从句,若是疑问句要将其恢复为陈述句,尤其注意标点符号、和是否已有并列连词(如but,and)和从属连词如(if,when),还要注意是否是强调结构。2. 在确定是定语从句后,就要找准先行词,看它是指人还是指物,是时间还是地点。3. 要弄清先行词在定语从句中作什么成分,再根据关系词各自的用法特点去确定恰当的关系词。【易错点】引导定语从句的关系代词有:that(指人或物),which(指物),who(指人)。指人时可用that或who,指物时可用that或which,但有时只能用that不能用which。常见的情况有下列四种:1. 当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。3. 当先行词有the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。4. 当先行词既有人又有物时,用that不用which。【限时检测】(建议用时:30分钟)定语从句 难度: 建议用时:30分1. 【2019 黑龙江省大庆市】The book _ I read last night was fantastic.A. thatB. whatC. whoseD. who【答案】A【解析】句意:我昨晚读的那本书真是太棒了。此句考查定语从句的关系词。A. that先行词是人或物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. whose先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语;D. who先行词是人,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句的先行词book指物,用that来引导,故答案为A。2. 【2019 吉林省中考】Mr. Brown is a teacher _ is strict with all is students.A. whichB. whoC. where【答案】B【解析】句意布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师。本题考查定语从句。A.指物,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;C.表示地方,在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher,指人,在从句中作主语,故选B。3. 【2019 甘肃省天水市】Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ?Yes. Its the best one _ I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it【答案】A【解析】句意:你看过流浪地球这部电影吗?这是我看到过的电影中最好的一部。此句考查定语从句的关联词,that/which可以引导定语从句,what,it不能引导定语从句,首先排除C,D;先行词是不定代词one,前面被形容词的最高级best修饰,引导词只能用that不能用which,故答案为A。4. 【2019 贵州省贵阳市】Wang Yangming is a great educationalist _ developed most of his thoughts in Xiuwen. A. whichB. whatC. who【答案】C【解析】句意:王阳明是教育界的一位伟大的教育家,他的大部分思想都是在修文中发展起来的。A. which关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是物;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. who关系词,引导定语从句,先行词是人,根据 educationalist指人,所以用who,故选C。5. 【2019 四川省内江市】The book _ was written by him is very interesting.A. whoB. whomC. whichD. /【答案】C【解析】句意:他写的那本书很有趣。考查关系代词。A. who代指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;B. whom代指人,在定语从句中作宾语;C. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语;D. /为不填。首先分析句子结构,可知本句为定语从句,先行词the book为物,而且从句中缺主语,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用which;故答案选C。6. 【2019 四川省遂宁市】My mother doesnt like stories _ have sad endings. A. thatB. whoC. whereD. those【答案】A【解析】根据句意:我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤的结局的故事. 可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是stories,指物。作主语 ,关系代词用that/which,故选A。7. 【2019 四川省达州市】Frank, look! Who are the children under the tree _ waiting in a line?They are the students from No. 1 Primary School. A. that areB. where areC. which isD. who is【答案】A【解析】根据句意:弗兰克,你看!树下排队的孩子们是谁? 他们是来第一小学的学生。可知先行词是children,指人,作主语,故选代词用who/that,先行词是复数,动词用are。故选A。8. 【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特市】Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat _ tell you your weight? A. / B. who C. whom D. that【答案】D【解析】句意:散步后坐下来是放松的. 但是你愿意坐在一个能告诉你体重的座位上吗?考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是seat,指物。作主语 ,关系代词用that/which,故选D。9. 【2019 湖南省湘潭市】On Monday April 15, 2019, the fire _ broke out in Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris shocked the world. A. thatB. whoC. where【答案】A【解析】根据句意:2019年4月15日,周一,巴黎圣母院发生的大火震惊了全世界。可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是 fire,指物,作主语,关系代词用which/that。故选A。10. 【2019 广西省玉林市】Hey, Anna, Would you like to see The White Storm with me?You mean, the new police story _ was filmed by Chen Musheng.A. whoB. whatC. whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】根据句意:嗨,安娜,你想和我一起看白色风暴吗?你是指陈慕生拍摄的新警察故事。可知考查定语从句的关系代词,先行词是story,指物。作主语,关系代词用which/that,故选D。11. 【2019 福建省中考】Du Fuguo is a hero _ is known to millions of Chinese people.A. whoB. whichC. what【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。根据先行词 hero 英雄,可知关系代词指代人,故选 A。12. 【2019 河南省中考】Do you know the boy over there?The one _ is holding a ball? Oh, thats my neighbor Phil.A. whatB. whichC.whoD.不填【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你知道那边的那个男孩吗? 那个拿球的男孩吗?哦,那是我邻居菲尔。先行词是the one,表示人,且关系词在定语从句中作主语,不能省略。故选C。13. 【2019 黑龙江省哈尔滨市】Haveyougotreadyforthesoccergame?Yes.Ivedoneeverything _ Icantowinthegame.A. whoB. that C.which【答案】B【解析】本题考查定语从句,不定代词everything作先行词,故定语从句引导词用that。14. 【2019 湖南省湘西州】What kind of movies do you like?I prefer movies _ give me something to think about.A. that B. what C. where【答案】A【解析】考查关系代词,本句是定语从句,先行词为movies,名词,从句中缺主语,结合语境,你喜欢什么电影?我更喜欢让我思考的电影。故选A。15. 【2019 山东省滨州市】Do you know the man _ spoke at the meeting just now?No, I dont know.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. whose【答案】B【解析】句意:你认识刚才在会上讲话的那个人吗?不,我不认识。考查关系词辨析。本句是定语从句,what不是关系词不可引导定语从句,可排除。who用于先行词是人时;which用于先行词是物时;whose表示物主,后面需接名词;本句先行词the man是人,根据句意结构和语境,可知选B。16. 【2019 湖南省郴州市】All the classmates enjoyed the cake _ I made at the party. It was really deliciousA. thatB. whoC. what【答案】A【解析】句意:所有的同学都喜欢我在聚会上做的蛋糕。真的很好吃。A. that 关系代词;先行词是人或物;B. who关系代词,先行词是人;C. what什么,不能引导宾语从句。I made at the party.是定语从句修饰先行词the cake,在这里是物,用关系词that。根据题意,故选A。17. 【2019 四川省成都市】The boy _ lost is crying there.How do you know he gets lost?A. whoseB. whoC. whos【答案】C【解析】句意:那个迷路的男孩在那里哭。你怎么知道他迷路了?考查定语从句。whose关系代词,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语。who关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中做主语或宾语。本题先行词boy是人,并且从句部分缺少主语和谓语,且空格后无名词。所以选用关系代词who, be lost迷路。排除A,B。C. whos=who is. 故选C。18. 【2019 江苏省淮安市】The charities have helped more children with the money _ people raise.A. whoB. whatC. whereD. which【答案】D【解析】句意:慈善机构用人们筹集的钱帮助了更多的儿童。A. who关系词,先行词是人;B. what不能引导定语从句;C. where关系副词,在定语从句中做状语;D. which关系代词,先行词是物。people raise修饰the money,先行词是物,关系词用which引导。根据题意,故选D。19. 【2019 湖北省黄冈市】Tomorrow is Fathers Day. Whats your surprise for your father? The first thing _ I will do is to make a card for him.A. whoB. whereC. whoseD. that【答案】D【解析】句意:明天就是父亲节了。你想给你的父亲什么样的惊喜?我要做的第一件事就是为他做一张卡片。A. who谁;B. where哪里;C. whose谁的;D. that用来引出从句。当先行词是序数词或其被序数词修饰时,引导词用that来引导。空前面的先行词是The first thing,是序数词,因此本题的引导词应该用that。故选D。20. 【2019 甘肃省兰州市】The movie _ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.A. whoB. whichC. whereD. when【答案】B【解析】句意:我看过两次的电影是流浪地球。A. who谁,指人的引导词;B. which哪一个,指物的引导词;C. where哪里,指地点;D. when什么时间,指时间。本题考查定语从句。先行词是The movie,因此引导词用which。故选B。21. 【2019 四川省乐山市】What are you looking for?Im looking for the storybook _ you lent to me last week.A. whoB. whichC. when【答案】B【解析】句意:你正在找什么?我正在找你上周借给我的故事书。本题考查定语从句。A. who指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B. which指物,在从句中作主语和宾语;C. when表示时间,在从句中作状语。本句话中,先行词为the storybook,指物,且在从句中作宾语,故选B。22. 【2019 山东省临沂市】Peppa Pig (小猪佩奇) is a British cartoon _ has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.A. whoB. whichC. /【答案】B【解析】句意:小猪佩奇是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片,深受幼儿和父母的喜爱。根据句子结构,空后部分是作定语修饰British cartoon,所以是定语从句。先行词是British cartoon,是物,故选B。23. 【2019 四川省眉山市】Success always belongs to those _ have tried their best to make their dreams come true.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which【答案】A【解析】句意:成功总是属于那些尽他们最大的努力让他们梦想实现的人。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语或宾语;B.指人,在从句中作宾语;C.指人或物,在从句中作定语;D. 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。本句话中,先行词为those,指人,且在从句中作主语,故选A。24. 【2019 湖北省随州市】What kind of movies do you like? I prefer movies _ give me something to think about.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. when【答案】A【解析】句意:你喜欢什么种类的电影?我更喜欢给我一些思考的东西的电影。A. which关系词,先行词是物;B. who关系词,先行词指人;C. what不能引导定语从句;D. when关系副词,在定语从句中做状语。先行词是movies指物,关系词用which。根据题意,故选A。25. 【2019 甘肃省武威市】I prefermusic _ has great lyrics.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. /【答案】C【解析】句意:我喜欢有美妙的歌词的音乐。本题考查定语从句。A.指人,在从句中作主语和宾语;B.指人或物,在从句中作定语;C.指人或物,在从句中作主语、宾语或表语;D.若that在从句中作宾语,that可省。本句话中先行词为music,指物,且在从句中作主语,用that,故选C。26. 【2019 湖南省长沙市】China is getting better at making hi-tech products _ can be bought in all parts of the world.A. whoB. whichC. what【答案】B【解析】句意:中国在制造高科技产品方面很擅长,并且这些产品世界各地都能买到。此句考查定语从句的关系词。who引导定语从句时,先行词是人,who在从句中作主语或宾语;which引导定语从句时,先行词是物,which在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句。本句的先行词是hi-tech products,指物,用which来引导,故答案为B。27. 【2019 广东省中考】Not all children _ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.A. whomB. whichC. whoD. whose【答案】C【解析】句意:不是所有的看这个录像的孩子会成为科学家,但是有一些也许会对科学感兴趣。分析句子结构,本题是定语从句。whom关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作宾语。 which关系代词,先行词是物,在从句中作主语和宾语。who关系代词,先行词是人,在从句中作主语和宾语。whose关系代词,先行词是人或物,在从句中作定语。根据句子结构,可知先行词是children(人),并且从句中缺少主语,所以用关系代词who;故选C。28. 【2019 湖北省鄂州市】Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?Sure. Its a great TV program _ can develop the habit of reading.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. whose【答案】B【解析】句意:你喜欢中央电视台每周一次的节目朗读者吗?当然了,这是一个很棒的节目,能培养阅读的习惯。根据句子结构可知,这里考查定语从句,who是关系代词,先行词为人,在从句中作主语或宾语;that先行词人或物都可以,在从句中作主语或宾语;what不能引导定语从句,先排除;whose的,先行词可以是人或物。这个定语从句的先行词是program,故排除A;D选项意思不合适。故应选B。7
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