2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第77期

2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题In trying to solve the problem we seem to have exhausted all the（）that the brain of man could suggest.问题1选项A.ingenuityB.nuancesC.ingenuousnessD.nourishments【答案】D【解析】名词辨析题。ingenuity精巧、独创性；nuances细微差别；ingenuousness正直、老实；nourishments食物、营养品。句意：在试图解决这个问题的过程中，我们似乎耗尽了人类大脑所能提供的所有营养。这里引申为“绞尽脑汁”。选项D符合句意。2. 单选题The Government is（）the danger of lead pollution in our cities.问题1选项A.going forB.counting onC.looking intoD.turning up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。go for主张，拥护；count on指望，依靠；look into调查，观察；turn up出现,发生。句意：政府正在对本城市的主要危险污染物进行调查。选项C符合句意。3. 单选题Respect for the law is the foundation of civilized living.（）breaks it will be punished.问题1选项A.WhoB.No matter whoC.WhoeverD.People who【答案】C【解析】语法题。如果选A，此处缺少先行词；如果选D缺少连词；no matter who引导让步状语从句，句子表达需完整；whoever引导名词性从句，可放于句首，符合题意。4. 单选题The people were annoyed by the（）supply of electricity and water in summer.问题1选项A.insufficientB.integralC.inferiorD.indispensable【答案】A【解析】词义辨析题。insufficient不足的；integral完整的；inferior等级低的；indispensable不重要的。句意：人们对夏天水电供应不足感到烦恼。选项A符合句意。5. 单选题This young man,（）with a craving for materialistic gratification, cares about nothing but money.问题1选项A.obsessedB.negotiatedC.compromisedD.provided【答案】A【解析】动词辨析题。obsessed with沉迷于；negotiated with与协商；compromised with向 （某人）妥协；provided with给提供。句意：这个年轻人贪图物质上的满足，只关心钱。选项A符合句意。6. 单选题The mail was（）for two days because of the snowstorm.问题1选项A.held backB.held outC.held upD.held on【答案】A【解析】held back隐瞒,退缩,控制,阻止；held out提出,显示；held up举起,提出,支持；held on等一下,继续。句意：由于暴风雪的原因,邮件延误了两天。只有选项A符合句意。7. 单选题That scientist is not too happy with the project, and（）are her supervisors.问题1选项A.eitherB.neitherC.soD.as【答案】B【解析】句意：那位科学家对这个项目不太满意，她的主管也不太满意。两者都不用neither。8. 单选题In that war-torn country, homeless orphan childrens plight is quite（）.问题1选项A.deceptiveB.perceptiveC.patheticD.perpetual【答案】C【解析】形容词辨析题。deceptive欺诈的；perceptive感知的；pathetic可怜的；perpetual永久的。句意：在那个饱受战争摧残的国家里，无家可归的孤儿的处境十分悲惨。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题Circus tigers, although they have been tamed, can（）attack their trainer.问题1选项A.unexpectedlyB.deliberatelyC.reluctantlyD.subsequently【答案】A【解析】词义辨折题。Unexpectedly意外地,出乎意料地；deliberately故意地，谨慎地；reluctantly不情愿地,嫌恶地；subsequently随后,后来。句意：尽管马戏团里的老虎已经被驯服，却能出人意料地攻击它们的驯兽师。选项A符合句意。10. 单选题A（）from every person, no matter how small, will help the Red Cross reach its goal of $100,000.问题1选项A.contractB.concentrationC.contributionD.construction【答案】C【解析】词义辨析题。contract合同,合约；concentration专注,集中；contribution贡献,捐赠；construction建筑。句意：每个人的贡献,无论多么小,都将帮助红十字会达到10万美元的目标。选项C符合句意。11. 翻译题Put the following into Chinese.To be really happy and really safe, one ought to have at least two or three hobbies, and they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: “I will take an interest in this or that.” Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet hardly get any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death, those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death. It is no use offering the manual laborer, tired out with a hard weeks sweat and effort, the chance of playing a game of football or baseball on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting the politician or the professional or businessman, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend.【答案】要想获得真正的快乐与安宁, 一个人至少应该有两到三种业余爱好, 而且必须是真正的爱好。到了晚年才说“我要培养这个或那个兴趣”是无用的, 这种尝试只会増加精神上的负担。一个人可以在自己工作之外的领域获得渊博的知识, 不过他可能几乎得不到什么收益或是放松。做你喜欢的事是没用的, 你必须喜欢你所做的事。总的来说, 人可以分为三种：劳累而死的人、忧虑而死的人、和烦恼而死的人。对于那些体力劳动者来说, 经历了一周辛苦劳作已经使他们精疲力尽, 周六下午让他们去踢足球或是打棒球是没有意义的。而对那些政治家、专业人士或者商人来说, 他们已经为棘手的事情操劳或烦恼六天了, 周末再让他们为琐事劳神同样毫无意义。12. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure（）to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.preferenceC.selectionD.alternative【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。substitute替代物；preference偏爱；selection选择,指从相当数量中进行选择,强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的,强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票,作为携帯现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。13. 单选题My friend Paul was badly taken in when he paid $1000 for that second-hand car, it was not worth（）问题1选项A.that all muchB.all that muchC.that much allD.much all that【答案】B【解析】考查修饰语。that much通常用于口语中，用all修饰，进一步加强语气。所以本题选B。14. 单选题Our generation has made such immense discoveries and achieved such undreamed enrichments of the outside of life, that it has lost touch with the inside of life. It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance: riches and beauties that go far beyond our modern chatter about values and ideals. The minds search for more breadth has obscured the hearts craving for more depth. Once again man has become the dupe of his own cleverness. And because it is difficult to attend to more than a few things at a time, we leave out a great range of experiences which comes in by another route and tells us of another kind of life. Our interest rushes out to the farthest limits of the universe, but we seldom take a sounding of the ocean beneath our restless keels. We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind. Thus the life of the human spirit, which ought to maintain a balance between the world visible and the world invisible, is thrown out of gear.1.Which of the following may best serve as the title of the passage?2.The author of this passage implies his concern over mans （）3.The author suggests that man needs to（）4.Which of the following is implied in the passage?5.What is something that we are leaving out according to the author?问题1选项A.Mans Need for Wisdom.B.The Invisible World.C.The Heart and Mind of Man.D.The Growth of Knowledge.问题2选项A.inhumanity to other menB.emphasis on the materialistic in lifeC.explorations in the farthest limits of the universeD.lack of knowledge of the visible world问题3选项A.be cleverer.B.learn to do more than one thing at a timeC.give more attention to the spiritD.become more social问题4选项A.The soul of men is restless.B.People spend too much time in idle talk.C.Man is too concerned with things of the spirit.D.Man should search for more breadth in his life.问题5选项A.Immense discoveriesB.Undreamed enrichments of the outside of lifeC.WisdomD.Knowledge【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。这段文章主要讲述了人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况。文章的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind.”进行了点题, 人们的知识增长了, 但智慧却远远落后, 所以人们需要智慧。2.判断推理题。根据上一题可以知道, 文章就是在说人类追求外在物质的世界而忽略了内在的精神世界的情况, 所以由此推断, 作者担心的是人类过于关注物质世界。选项B正确。3.细节事实题。福据文章中的 It has forgotten the true riches and beauties of its spiritual inheritance。可以知道作者还是很希望大家更多的关注内在世界, 所以选项C正确。4.细节事实题。根据文中“We get, therefore, a queer feeling that we are leaving something out. ”我们有一种奇怪的感觉, 觉得我们遗漏了什么。选项B说的是表象, 选项C和D错误。所以只有选项A符合原文。5.细节事实题。根据文中的倒数第二句“Knowledge has grown; but wisdom, savoring the deep wonder and mystery of life, lingers far behind.”由此推断, 人们遗失的是智慧。15. 单选题Water will continue to be（）it is today - next in importance to oxygen.问题1选项A.howB.whichC.asD.what【答案】C【解析】句意：水将继续保持现在的状态,即重要性仅次于氧的这种状态。as.正如.一样,选项C符合句意。16. 单选题“On no account（）to feed the animals,” the warning can be seen on the signboard in front of every cage.问题1选项A.allow visitorsB.visitors are allowedC.are visitors allowedD.are allowed visitors【答案】C【解析】考査倒装。当否定词位于句首时，句子要部分倒装，即将be动词提前。根据句意这里指参观者不被允许，所以选项C正确。17. 单选题In the past, most foresters have been men, but today, the number of women（）this field is climbing.问题1选项A.engagingB.devotingC.registeringD.pursuing【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。enrolling登记,招收；dedicating献身,致力，后面一般接介词to; reclaiming开拓,开垦；pursuing从事,进行。句意：过去，大多数护林员都是男性，但今天，从事这一领域的女性人数正在攀升。选项D符合句意。18. 单选题Jim isnt（）, but he did badly in the final exams last semester.问题1选项A.gloomyB.dullC.awkwardD.tedious【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。gloomy黑暗的,沮丧的,阴郁的；dull迟钝的,笨的,阴暗的；awkward尴尬的,笨拙的,棘手的,不合适的；tedious沉闷的,冗长乏味的。句意：吉姆并不笨，但是上学期期末考试考得很差。选项B符合句意。19. 单选题Both of them are too stubborn to agree to（）, so they had to be assigned to different branches.问题1选项A.a friendshipB.a compromiseC.a judgmentD.an emotion【答案】B【解析】词义辨析题。句意：他们两个都很固执,不肯妥协,所以不得不分管不同的部门。选项B项符合句意。20. 单选题The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes, （）after 11 p.m.问题1选项A.staying outB.from staying outC.against staying outD.to stay out【答案】D【解析】unless they had special passes为插入语，可忽略不看。forbid的常用搭配是forbid sb. to do sth./ forbid doing sth.所以选项D正确。