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词组1. 短语动词短语动词指的是由动词加介词、副词或其他词构成的固定词组。最常见的几类短语动词包括:动+介,动+副,动+名+介,动+副+介。1) 动词+介词/动词+副词a) up用于短语动词一般表示位置或动态,常见搭配的动词有:gather up意为“收集,蜷缩,概括”如:The child gathered up his toys and put them away.(孩子把他的玩具收拾起来放好)work up意为“逐步建立,逐步发展,逐步引起,整理”如:I worked up this business from nothing.(我在一无所有的情况下把这个事业逐步发展起来的,或,我白手起家)pick up意为“拾起,染上,学到,整理,收听到,好转”如:Trade has been slack for the past six months, but it is now picking up.(过去六个月里商业一直很萧条,但现在情况正在好转)另有:sum up意为“总结”; speed up意为“加速”;beat up意为“毒打”;choke up意为“说不出话”;dress up意为“盛装”;end up意为“结束”;hold up意为“阻止,妨碍”;mix up意为“混淆”;play up意为“强调”;sign up意为“签约”;take up意为“从事”;wash up意为“洗餐具”;give up to意思是“让给”b) on用于短语动词一般表示在某方面和关于某事,常见搭配的动词有:rely on意为“依赖,依靠”如:She relies on her parents for tuition.(她的学费依赖于父母)act on意为“对起作用”如:Alcohol acts on the brain.(酒精对大脑起作用)comment on意为“对做出评论”如:He commented on the bad weather here.(他对这里糟糕的天气发表评论)。carry on意为“继续开展,坚持”;insist on意为“坚持”,强调“一定要”;lead on意为“引导,率领继续前进”;center on意为“以 为中心,围绕;集中于”;agree with/to/on意为“同意”;cast light on = explain 意为“解释”c) for用于短语动词一般表示目的和原因和代表,常见搭配的动词有:account for意为“解释(不良行为)”如:I was called to account for my conduct by the headmaster.(我被校长要求解释我的不良行为)plan for意为“计划,打算,策划”如:They can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning for roles.(他们能够帮助学生获得一种责任感,通过为他们策划一些角色)thirst for意为“渴望”如:It is the thirst for the absolute which is inherent in human nature. (这是人性中固有的对绝对的渴望)make for意为“走向,有利于,倾向于,导致”;stand for意为“代表,代替,象征,支持”;take for意为“当作,误认为”;allow for意为“考虑到”;answer for意为“对负责”;apply for意为“申请”;arrange for意为“安排”;ask for意为“问候”;crave for意为“渴望”;fall for意为“深信,倾心于”;go in for意为“爱好”;hope for意为“希望”;hanker for意为“渴望”;hunt for意为“寻找”;have a taste for意为“喜好”;speak for意为“为辩护”;search for意为“要求,寻找”2) 有部分动词形成的短语动词特别丰富,这些动词包括:bring,call,cast,catch,come,cut,get,give,go,keep,leave,let,look,make,put,set,take,turn,throw,以下为常考的:a) lead out意为“开始,领舞伴起舞”lead off意为“开始”,同beginb) turn around表示“转过身”turn up表示“出现”turn over表示“翻转”turns out证明是c) let down意为“使失望”let out意为“放掉,泄露,放大,出租”let alone意为“不管, 不打扰”let off意为“放出,饶恕,准许暂停工作”d) put forward意为“提出”put down意为“放下”e) get over意为“克服”get down to的意思是“归因于”get over to的意思是“让某人明白某事”3) 动词+名词+介词a) give advice on sth.表达“提出方面的建议”give thought to意为“想过,思考”give sb. an/some idea of意为“使了解的情况”give advice to意为“提建议”give up to的意思是“让给”b) have/make a great impact on sth.意为“对影响很大”如:This book had a great impact on its readers.(这本书对读者有很大的影响)have a good/bad opinion of意为“对印象很好/不好”如:After their bad results, they are not likely to have a very good opinion of themselves.(由于考试成绩差,他们不太可能自视过高)4) 其他be confident about意为“对有信心”be rooted in表示“来源于”介词短语1) in general意为“通常, 一般说来”如:Children in general are fond of candy.(孩子一般都喜欢糖果)in terms of意为“按照,在方面,从角度”如:It has been a terrible year in terms of business.(就做生意而言,这是很糟糕的一年)in the light of意为“按照,根据”如:This development is significant in the light of what happened later.(从后来发生的情况来看,这一发展意义重大)according to意为“根据,以为准”,表示依据,常与表示理论、依据的词连用如:According to Dr. Santos, the cause of death was drowning.(据Santos医生判断,死亡原因是溺亡)in/with regard to意为“关于,在某一点来说”如:My up bring was fairly strict in regard to obedience and truthfulness.(就要求顺从和诚实而言,我幼时所受的教育是相当严格的)in the form of意为“以的形式”;in the process (of)意为“在过程中”;in the company (of)意为“在陪伴下,与同时出现”;in return (for) 意为“作为对的报答,交换”;in reply (to)意为“作为对的答复”;in reference (to)意为“关于”;in response (to)意为“作为对的反应/答复”; in line with意为“符合,和一致”;in progress 意为“进行中”;in fact 意为“事实上”;in need意为“在危难中”;in question 意为“正在被讨论的”;in fact 意为“事实上”in need意为“在危难中”;in time意为“及时”;in question 意为“正在被讨论的”;in particular特别地;in progress 意为“进行中”;in contrast意为“相反”;in a sense意为“在某种意义上”;in principle意为“大体上,原则上”,后面需要出现的是总结性的话语2) on (the/an) average意为“平均,通常,平均起来,按平均数计算”,周围往往应该要出现数字 如:Women make on the average only two-thirds of what men earn.(平均算来,女性的收入仅是男性收入的三分之二);On average we receive 5 letters each day.(我们每天平均收到五封信)on the whole意为“总的看来”You have made a few mistakes but on the whole you have done well.(你犯了几个错误,但总体来说,你做的很好)。on the other hand意为“另一方面”注意On the other hand强调的是事物存在两面性,并存两种可能性。如:He is clever, but on the other hand, he makes many mistakes.(他很聪明,但从另一方面来说,他也犯了不少错)。on the mind of意为“为着想”如:This is on the mind of everyone.(这是为每个人着想)3) by/in contrast意为“对比起来,相反”,用于两件对立的事实,指出其中的差异如:Mr. Green is a taciturn person. By contrast, his brother was much more talkative.(格林先生是一个沉默寡言的人,相比之下,他兄弟要健谈的多)on the contrary意为“相反地”,用于否定某一个陈述,两者的意思是完全对立的,即后一部分与前一部分相反如:“Have you nearly done?” “On the contrary, I have only just begun.”(你差不多做完了吧?恰恰相反,我刚刚开始)by means of意为“用,以,通过(手段)”如:The rig is anchored in place by means of steel cables.(打井机用钢缆固定就位)4) other than表达选择概念时可意为“不同于”如:The result was quite other than we had expected.(结果和我们预期的不同)rather than最恰当,意为“是而不是”如:These shoes are comfortable rather than pretty.(这双鞋子是舒服而不是好看)4 / 4文档可自由编辑打印
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