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Unit 4 News 247Inside view Conversation 1 Mark ：This is just so crazy! Janet ：What? Mark ：This story Im reading. Kate ：So tell us. Mark ：A man within a wheelchair crossing the road in front of a lorry at some traffic lights. Somehow, the back of the wheelchair got stuck on the front of the lorry. When the lorry started moving, it took the wheelchair and the man with it! Kate ：Youre joking! Mark ：The driver drove for several miles at 80 kilometres an hour before he stopped at a garage. The man was unhurt because his seat belt had stopped him falling out. Janet ：What a terrible story! Thank goodness the man was all right! Mark ：The police asked the driver if hed realized he had a passenger. The driver said he had no idea at all. Mark ：Do you want to hear another one? A funny one this time. Kate ：Go on. Mark ：A woman reported that her car had been stolen and that shed left her mobile phone in the car. The policeman suggested calling the mobile. When he did, the thief answered it. The policeman told the thief that he was answering an ad in the paper and that he wanted to buy the car. And the thief agreed to sell it! Janet ：He didnt! Mark ：So they arranged to meet and the thief was arrested and the woman got her car back. Janet ：A happy ending! Mark ：You get these great stories in the papers I always read them. Conversation 2 Voice on radio ：The news at one oclock. Tornadoes have damaged homes in Northern England. There is still no news of missing company director, Alan Marsden. Scientists claim that global warming is accelerating. There are reports coming in of more fighting in Mark ：Do you mind if I turn it off? Janet ：Its fine, I wasnt listening. Mark ：Do you follow the news? Janet ：Yeah, I do. But I dont often listen to the radio, I mostly get my news online. Kate ：Do you? Janet ：Yes, I read articles from different papers. Kate ：My dad does that. Mark ：Well, Ive got used to reading real newspapers. Janet ：You should try reading the news online. You get lots of different views, its very stimulating. Mark ：True, it is stimulating. But Ive got into the habit of reading the papers in the JCR in a comfortable armchair, with lots of black coffee. Kate ：Dont either of you listen to the radio? Its a great way to wake up. Mark ：Yeah, I do that. And I download podcasts. And I watch the news on telly. Kate ：Youre a news addict. We all know that. Mark ：You have to be if you read PPE. You have to be really knowledgeable about current affairs. Janet ：You are. Kate ：Well, Im a TV addict. I spend too much time watching the soaps. I love British TV. Janet ：Weve noticed, Kate. Are you going to watch Friends with me tonight? Kate ：You bet! Outside view Part 1 Keith ：I saw Robin Williams come to the patio. I made the run, jumped a couple of sawhorses, climbed up a stairway, got in front of him, and said, “Robin, do you mind if I take a picture?” He goes, “After all that, how could I stop you?” V/O (画外音)Keith Sykes has a long career in journalism, photography, and communications. Keith ：Ive taken pictures of a lot of celebrities. Cindy Crawford. Ive taken her picture a few times and, I, I think its impossible to take a bad picture of her. James Garner. Ive photographed famous politicians. I stood in the same position for two hours to get this picture. Photographing these people is uh, an exciting thing for me. When I moved to Los Angeles in 1979 to become editor of a weekly newspaper out there, I was really excited when I started getting these invitations to come to this award show, or this benefit show. I was showing up at all these event sand seeing people that I had seen on the screen and it was, uh, really, uh, a magical moment for me. Part 2Keith ：The word paparazzi means “the pest” in Italian. Fellini dubbed a character who played a pesky photographer in La Dolce Vita “Paparazzo”. The roots of paparazzi photography were in Europe after World War II. The countries were all subject to many political factions who were deciding what direction their countries would go. This created awesome political rivalries. And photographers would cover political events, knowing that they would probably turn into violent protests and theyd get newsworthy pictures and be able to sell them. Now at the same time, more and more celebrities were going to the Mediterranean, to Monte Carlo And these photographers, who had started as political photographers, took pictures of the celebrities and their those celebrities wild lives. There are financial rewards. If I got a photograph of Jennifer Aniston and Brad Pitt holding hands, then Id be paid maybe $10,000. If I shot Jennifer and Brad throwing drinks at each other, I would get $50,000. How much a photograph is worth is often determined by how negative it portrays that celebrity. When, uh, Princess Diana died, I started thinking. I had realized that the business had gone bad, that it was being motivated by money, that it was creating not artists, or even well-meaning photographers who wanted to pursue this craft, but rather, really bounty hunters. Part 3 Keith ：I decided to use the small college town of North Hampton and go up there every Saturday night, and I put on the full uniform, photo vest, and press IDs, and I would lurk in doorways and follow people and jump out in front of them and take their picture. Ive, you know, walked up with my camera behind me and then just pulled it out and shot it with the flash. We wanted to know what it felt like as an everyday person, how do you like the idea that someone can take pictures of you on the street? And almost universally, people feel you shouldnt have the right to invade their privacy. I think, as consumers of the media, we at least have to look at ourselves occasionally and evaluate what it is were consuming. Because whatever were consuming, were encouraging to spread. Listening in Passage 1 Phil ：Hello. Tony ：Hello, is that Phil Taylor? Phil ：Speaking. Tony ：Hi, Phil, my names Tony, and Im a reporter for SUN. Phil ：The uni paper! I suppose you want to talk to me about the fire. Tony ：Yes, if its OK with you. Wed like to do a piece on the fire for next weeks paper. Can you tell people how it happened? Phil ：Yeah, OK, it probably is a good idea. Tony ：So when can I come and see you? Phil ：Um Wednesday afternoon? Three oclock? Im in South Block, Room 18. Tony ：OK, Ill be there. Tony ：OK, so lets get started. When did the fire happen? Phil ：Two days ago. Tony ：November the 10th. OK, so tell me how it happened. Phil ：Um It was about 11 pm. I decided to fry some chips, I used quite a lot of oil I was deep-frying. Um And I put the chips in. And then my girlfriend rang. Tony ：OK. Phil ：Wed had a quarrel, and I was pretty upset, so we started talking, and I completely forgot about the chips and went back to my room. Tony ：You fool! Phil ：Thanks. We talked for a quite long time. Next thing I knew, there was this smell of smoke, and someone was shouting, “Fire! Fire!” And I realized immediately of course, it was my chips! And I rushed out of my room the kitchen was next door and well there were flames all over one wall. Tony ：And it was all your fault! Phil ：It was. But people were in the kitchen throwing blankets over the flames, and someone had already called the fire brigade and they came in ten minutes I think and put it out very quickly. Tony ：So what was the damage? Phil ：Theyre gonna to have to replace the cooker, two kitchen units, repaint one wall. Tony ：Sounds pretty bad. Phil ：It could have been a lot worse. Tony ：Can I take a photo of you for the paper? Phil ：Do you have to? Oh, OK. Tony ：Thanks. Itll be front page news. Phil ：Oh dear! Havent you got anything else to write about? Tony ：Not this week. Theres not much happening on campus. Im joking. Youre on Page 2. Phil ：Thanks! Passage 2 Presenter：Todays discussion is about reality TV programmes, the programmes loved by millions and hated by just as many. We have three people on our panel Tricia a student at Liverpool University, Rick from Luton, and Karen who is a full-time mum. Panel ：Hello. Presenter ：So lets begin with a very obvious question. Do you watch reality TV programmes and if so, why? Tricia ：Yes, I do, I love them, Im addicted to them, Im afraid. Presenter ：Addicted to them? Tricia ：Yes, I think all my friends are really. I guess its just, you know, fascinating to watch real people put under a bit of pressure and then see how they behave. Presenter ：That doesnt sound very nice exactly. Tricia ：No, it isnt. But reality TV isnt very nice actually. Presenter ：Karen, how about you? Karen ：Yes, well I watch them but Im not like Tricia. Im definitely not addicted to them. I can take them or leave them. But I do like to watch property programmes. Presenter ：Property programmes? Karen ：You can learn a lot from them. And its its great to see real people buying a property and then doing it up, the mistakes they make, that kind of thing. And yes, you know, theres the human interest factor as well. Presenter ：Rick Rick ：I cant stand reality TV. I mean, OK, if its a property programme or a gardening programme, fine, but most of them are just theyre set up to humiliate people. Tricia ：Not always. Rick ：I disagree. People are on show. Its like watching animals in a zoo. I mean, would you appear on a reality show? Tricia ：Maybe. I dont know. Probably not. Rick ：There you are you see? You dont want to be humiliated. Karen ：Some people do very well on reality shows. They win a lot of money. Rick ：OK, thats true, but standards on reality shows can be pretty low, you cant deny it. Presenter ：Tricia, what have you got to say to that? Tricia ：Well, its true, yes. Karen ：I agree with Rick. Presenter ：So, next question Unit 5 The world at war Inside view Conversation 1 Mark： Hi! Kate ：Hi, Janet! Have you been waiting long? Janet ：Not at all. What did you think of Hero? Kate ：It was brilliant, thanks for suggesting it. Janet ：Well, it was nominated for an Oscar, you know. Kate ：That figures. Its a beautiful film. Mark ：Yes. The costumes, and scenery were amazing, Kate ：Id love to know more about the emperor, he was cool. Who was he? Janet ：Qin Shi Huang its said he was the first emperor in the history of China he unified China. Kate ：Did he? When? Janet ：Er 221 BC. Mark ：As long ago as that! Waitress ：Hi guys! What can I get you? Kate ：Yes, Ill have a coke, thanks. Mark ：Er Just a coffee. Waitress ：Sure. Mark ：Tell us more Janet ：Um Well, before that, there were seven big states and they had been fighting each other for many years. Mark ：Right. Janet ：Its called the Warring States Period. Anyway Qin was king of the largest state and he defeated the six other states, one after another. It took him ten years to conquer them, each with a different strategy. Mark ：What kind of man was he? Janet ：Well, he was brilliant, obviously. And also wise. He had this huge army they were very powerful. After his army had attacked the first state, the next state surrendered without much fight. They were so terrified. Kate ：Wow! Janet ：What else? The army leaders were very clever, they used a river to flood a city. Mark ：That cant have been easy. Janet ：Yes, anyway, after conquering the last state, Qin made himself Emperor of the whole of China. Mark ：Was he the emperor who created the Terracotta Warriors? Janet ：Thats right. He was so afraid of death that he wanted them to guard him in the afterlife. Kate ：Fascinating! Conversation 2 Becky ：OK. Kate ：Thank you. Mark ：Thanks. Kate ：So go on about Emperor Qin. Its really interesting. Janet ：It is, isnt it? Well, so he unified China and that was an incredible achievement. But as a result, huge numbers of soldiers were killed. Kate ：About how many? Janet ：Oh, I dont know, something like 500,000 men? Kate ：That is huge. Mark ：So how do the Chinese see Qin? Janet ：Hes seen as the greatest emperor in Chinese history. Mark ：Why? Because he unified China? Thats a very good reason, mind you. Janet ：Not only that. The thing is, as a result of the unification, he did many amazing things. He built roads all across China, he standardized writing and also the money system. Oh, and the system for measuring and weighing things as well. Mark ：So he was a great leader for China. Janet ：Yes, he was, but he was also very cruel. Mark ：Yes, but most emperors were cruel, werent they? Kate ：Well I guess thats true. Youre right. Mark ：So did he have enemies? Janet ：Of course, I think all great emperors have some enemies. Some people hated him so much they tried to kill him! Mark ：Was he the emperor who built the Great Wall of China? Janet ：He built the first Great Wall. You see, tribes from the north were always trying to invade building it. Kate ：Its so sad all those thousands of people dying. Mark ：But then thats war, isnt it? Outside view On the 25th of April each year, Australia and New Zealand celebrates Anzac Day, when they commemorate all the members of the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps who died in action during the First and Second World Wars, and in every armed conflict since then. Were here now at the Australian War Memorial at the start of the dawn service. They shall grow not old As we that are left grow old Age shall not weary them nor the years condemn At the going down of the sun and in the morning We will remember them. Lest we forget. A verse from the poem, Ode to Remembrance by Laurence Binyon, is recited during the ceremony. Inside the Hall of Memory is the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. This is the grave of a solider whose identity is not known and it represents all those soldiers who died in battle but were not identified. Twenty-four years after the ravages of World War I, war came to the mainland of Australia where air raids killed hundreds of service personnel and civilians. In Malaysia, Korea and Vietnam, we answered the call as we have in Afghanistan and Iraq. Through it all the one unshakable truth has been a steadfastness, born of the traditions of the Australian servicemen. Today, Australias special day, they remember in East Timor, on Bourgainville, in Afghanistan and Iraq, on the island of Crete, at Gallipoli, they along with us, remember. Anzac Day is a public holiday in Australia. It is one of the most important national days of the year and certainly the most solemn one. Commemoration services are held in all the so he built a huge wall across China to stop major cities in Australia and huge crowds them. Hundreds of thousands of men died attend to pay their respects to those who died. Servicemen and women from all the armed services in Australia march in procession. They fought in the Second World War and other conflicts since then that have happened around the world. The men in the trucks are all wearing decorations. Theyre veterans from the Second World War, and perhaps a few last survivors from the First World War. After the Parade the veterans will gather in a pub or club to talk and share memories. This veteran fought in the Second World War in Western Australia. Interviewer: And what does Anzac Day mean to you? Veteran：Well, it means remembering not only those who didnt go home but the, the fact that you keep in touch with a lot of your friends. Listening in Passage 1There are many war novels but the novel Im going to talk about today is unusual because its war seen through the eyes of a child. The “eyes” are those of J G Ballard, one of Britains most respected novelists. Lets begin with some information about Ballard. He was born in 1930, in Shanghai, where his father was a businessman, and he was only 11 years old when the city was occupied during World War II. Ballard and his family were placed in a prison camp and he has said that his experiences there affected him so deeply that it was 40 years before he felt able to write about them. “Twenty years to forget and 20 years to remember.” The result of Ballards experiences was a semi-autobiographical novel called Empire of the Sun, published in 1984. It quickly became a success and in 1987 it was made into a movie by Hollywood director, Steven Spielberg. Lets move on to the novel itself. Empire of the Sun tells the story of how a young boy, Jim Graham, survives the Japanese occupation. Interestingly, Jim is J G Ballards first name and his second name is Graham. Also, Jim is the same age as Ballard 11 when the occupation begins. At the start of the story, Jim is living with his parents in a wealthy part of Shanghai. When the invasion begins, many of Shanghais inhabitants flee from the city and Jims parents do the same. But the boy becomes separated from them and finds himself all alone. He goes back to their empty home and lives alone there. Inevitably, hes found and then hes sent to a prison camp. Its a terrible four years, but the boy somehow survives. He steals food, finds ways of getting in and out of the camp, and is befriended by some Americans and a Japanese boy. Is there a happy ending? Yes and no. Jim sees many people die; his Japanese friend is killed by the Americans. But at the end of the war, he gets back to Shanghai and is reunited with his parents. Jims experiences are terrible, as a child who discovers the depths of human cruelty. But he learns also about the strength and courage that is possible, even in these circumstances. Both the great power and the truth of the novel come from the fact that its based on the authors own experiences. The general opinion of critics is that Empire of the Sun is one of the best war novels ever written so read it, its worth it. Passage 2 Host：On Womens World today, we look at womens role in the Second World War and the important part they played in it. In the First World War, women had worked in factories and as nurses, both at home and at the front. In the Second World War, women were even more essential to the war effort. Doris Watts was just 18 when the war began and Mavis Grey was only 20. Host： Do you remember how you felt, Doris, the day the war was declared? Doris：Oh yes of course I do. I felt frightened of course, but we had known it would happen. The first thing, more than anything I think, that I felt was was that I wanted to do something! You know, do something useful, so I joined the Land Girls. Host：Ah, yes, the Womens Land Army. That was an organization started in the First World WarWomen worked in agriculture as the men were away fighting. Did you enjoy the experience? Doris：Not really. It was very hard work, very physical. You never saw anybody except the officer coming to inspect your work. So when I heard about the WAAF I signed up. Host： Thats the Womens Auxiliary Air Force. WAAF, for short. So why the WAAF? Doris：Id always thought planes were very exciting. And its silly but I liked the light blue uniforms. Host： Thats a good enough reason! Now, Mavis, you were in the WAAF at the same time as Doris. Can you tell us more about it? Mavis： Yes. Organizations like the WAAF were a way for women to join the armed forces, since they werent allowed to fight. Instead, the army, the navy and the air force all had support services, which women could join. Host： And Doris. What kind of things did you have to do? Doris： Oh, well, a lot of different things. I worked in transport and catering. We were very young but we were given a lot of responsibility. Host： And what did you do, Mavis
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