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专题12 感叹句和倒装句丢分题详解【2019 青海省中考】_ useful advice you gave us!A. WhatB. What aC. How【参考答案】A 【试题解析】句意：你给了我们多么有用的建议啊！分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据useful advice 可知句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！，句中advice消息，不可数名词。故选A。丢分探因此题易误选B，很多学生容易把advice当成是可数名词，且useful是以辅音音音素开头的单词，所以第一空很容易误填What a，其实advice是不可数名词，前不用冠词，useful是形容词，故前用what修饰。查漏补缺感叹句的基本用法 用来表示说话人强烈的喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子，叫感叹句。感叹句由what或how引导，具体用法如下表：类别结构例句what引导What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What a kind girl ( she is )! （她是）一个多么善良的女孩啊！What + 形容词 + 复数可数名词/不可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!What beautiful flowers ( they are)! 多么漂亮的花！What bad weather ( it is )! 多么糟糕的天气！how引导How + 主语 + 谓语!How time flies! 时间飞逝！How + 形容词/副词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How brave ( the hero is )!（这个英雄）真勇敢！How slowly he walks! 他走得多慢啊!How + 形容词 + a/an + 单数可数名词（+ 主语 + 谓语）!How clever ( a boy he is )! （他是）一个多么聪明的男孩啊！【典例】【2019 内蒙古呼和浩特中考】Guan Dong saved an old lady out of the Yangtze River. _ great courage he showed! A. What a B. What C. How a D. How 【答案】B【解析】句意：关董救了一位老太太走出长江。他表现出多么杰出的勇气啊！从句意知，本题考查的是感叹句，由于courage是不可数名词，因此用感叹词 What，故选B。【2019 湖南省邵阳中考】_ different life is today!Yeah. We are all living a happy and rich life now. A. What aB. HowC. What【答案】B【解析】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据different life is today可知句型结构为：How +形容词+主语+谓语动词！different形容词，不同的， life生活，主语故选B。陈述句改感叹句 陈述句变为感叹句时，常使用一断二加三换位的方法：1. 一断，即在谓语后边断开，使句子分为两部分。She is a beautiful girl. 她是一位美丽的姑娘。He works hard. 他工作努力。2. 二加，即如果第二部分为副词、形容词，就加上how；如果是一个名词(词组)，就加上what。She is (what) a beautiful girl. He works (how) hard. 3. 三换位，即把第一部分与第二部分互换位置，同时把句号换为感叹号。What a beautiful girl she is! How hard he works! 【典例】She is a hard-working student. (改为感叹句)_【答案】What a hard-working student she is! /How hard-working she is!【解析】感叹句有What. 和How. 两种结构，在该题中，如果用What，感叹部分为What a hard-working student；而如果用How，感叹部分则为How hard-working。方法技巧感叹句记忆口诀感叹句，并不难，what与how应在前。形容词、副词跟着how，what后面名词连。名词若是可数单，前带冠词a或an。主语、谓语放后面，省略它们也常见丢分题详解 It was because I was caught in the traffic jam _ I came to school late this morning.A. which B. when C. what D. that【参考答案】D 【试题解析】本题考查强调句。这是一个强调句型It is.that.结构，强调原因状语，故选D。句意：今天早上我来学习迟到是因为我陷于交通阻塞。丢分探因此题考查强调句型，It is/was被强调部分that/who.，判断强调句型的一个原则是，把It is/was和that/who.去掉，句子仍然是一个完整的句子，此句把It was和空处之后，剩下的为because I was caught in the traffic jam I came to school late this morning，仍然是一个完整的句子，故判断此题考查强调句型，故选D。查漏补缺 强调句型是一种特殊句式，用于表达说话任强烈的感情或意愿。强调就是使句中某一部分所包含的信息，通过某种手段比一般情况下显得更加重要。 1. 强调句的基本结构及用法(1)基本句型： It is/was被强调部分that/who. It is only by listening to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解， 孩子和父母之间的问题才可能被解决。 (强调方式状语) (2)一般疑问句形式： Is/Was it被强调部分that/who其他？ Was it because he behaved badly that he was punished by this teacher? 是因为他表现太差而受到老师的惩罚吗？(3)特殊疑问句形式： 特殊疑问词is/was itthat其他？ ,特殊疑问词就是被强调部分。When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他是什么时候决定选修这门课程的？ 【易错警示】当疑问句式的强调句出现在名词性从句中时，疑问句语序要变成陈述句语序。He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake. 他问我是谁错拿了他的雨伞。 I just wonder why it is that Mr. Black seldom mentions his childhood?(4)强调句的反义疑问句强调句的反义疑问句由that/who前的主句确定用isnt it 或wasnt it.It is Mr. Smith who will come to give us a lecture tomorrow, isnt it?It was in the dining room that you lost your wallet , wasnt it?(4)含有not. until. 的强调句型： It is/was not until被强调部分that. It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan. 直到信的末尾她才提到她自己的计划。2. 强调句中it的应用It在强调句中无实际意义，也不可以用that 或this替代。3. 强调句中be动词的应用若原句是现在时或将来时，be动词用is ;若原句为过去时，则be动词用was.另外，可视情况在be动词前加情态动词may, might, could , must等，表明说话人的语气。强调句的否定式在be动词后加not。It is his determination rather than cleverness that has made him more and more successful.It was in the village school that I finished my primary school.It might be in the office that you left your keys.It was not everyone that can do such a thing.4. 强调句中that/who的应用若强调句的被强调部分是人，用that或who均可；若被强调部分指物或其他情况，则一律用that.如：It was Tony who/that happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore.It was in the bookstore that Tony happened to meet our English teacher in the bookstore5. 强调句不能强调定语和谓语动词强调谓语动词时， 要在所强调的谓语动词前加助动词do, does或did。 The family did manage to send him to a technical school. 家里的确设法让他上技术学校。 1）强调主语It is my parents that always encourage me to try new things.注意：强调主语时，应注意原句的谓语动词仍与被强调的主语保持一致。被强调的部分的主语无论是单数还是复数形式，强调结构中的be 动词只能用is或was.例如：It is I who am going to the cinema with some friends.It is Lucy and Mary that will come to see me this Sunday.2）强调宾语It was an English-Chinese dictionary that I bought this morning.3）强调状语It is because of illness that he failed to attend the meeting.It is only when something gets lost that you can realize how important it is to you.注意：当被强调部分是原因状语从句时，从句只能用because 引导，而不能用since 或as引导。如：It was because she was busy that she refused to help you.中考题演练1. 【2019 广东省中考】_ smart the driverless car is! I really want to have one.A. WhatB. What aC. What anD. How【答案】D【解析】句意：无人驾驶汽车多智能啊！我真的想买一辆。根据感叹句结构What +（a/an） + 形容词+名词（+主语+谓语+其他）+! How +形容词/副词（+主语+谓语+其他）+！smart智能的（形容词），the driverless car 主语，is系动词；故选D。2. 【2019 黑龙江省哈尔滨中考】Lucy,lookatthestarsinthesky._!A.WhatbrightitisB.HowbrighttheyareC.Whatbrighttheyare【答案】B【解析】考查感叹句句型。“How+形容词+主语+谓语！”。3. 【2019 湖南省长沙中考】_ fun it is to have a field trip on the Orange Island!A. WhatB. What aC. How【答案】A【解析】句意：在橘子岛上进行野外旅行是多么有趣啊！fun用作形容词时，只能放在名词的前面作定语。此句中fun是不可数名词，感叹句应该由what来引导，What a后跟可数名词单数，排除B；How+形容词或副词，排除C。故答案为A。4. 【2019 江苏省宿迁中考】_ wonderful the music is! Whats its name?Victory.A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a【答案】A【解析】句意：多么美妙的音乐啊!它的名字是什么?Victory。考查感叹句。how和what都可用于引导感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词或名词性短语。本句wonderful（美妙的）是形容词，需用how引导。根据句意结构，可知选A。5. 【2019 甘肃武威中考】_ useful the information youve provided is!A. What aB. WhatC. What anD. How【答案】D【解析】本题考查感叹句。句意：你提供的信息是多么地有用啊！。形容词useful后无名词，the information is为主语和系动词，youve provided为定语，修饰the information。用how+形容词+主语+谓语结构，故选D。6. 【2019 吉林省中考】_ beautiful song it is!Yes. It is Taylor Swifts new song. A. HowB. WhatC. What a【答案】C【解析】分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据beautiful song it is!可知句型结构为：What +a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语动词！句意：这首歌多美啊！故选C。 7. 【2019 四川省广元中考】_ fine weather it is!A. What aB. HowC. What 【答案】C【解析】句意：多好的天气啊！分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据fineweather可知句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！句中weather天气，不可数名词。故选C。8. 【2019 广西省北部湾经济中考】Look at my new dress.Wow! _ beautiful it is!A. HowB. How aC. WhatD. What a【答案】A【解析】句意：看我的新裙子。哇！太漂亮了！考查感叹句。Wow! _ beautiful it is!可知，本题考查感叹句，由题干可知本句的中心词是beautiful，它是一个形容词，所以应用how来引导感叹句，故答案选A。9. Its a long time ago _ I saw you last time.A. when B. since C. for D. that【答案】D【解析】考查固定句型。It is . that.正是，是强调句型，可以强调除谓语意外的成分；强调句型去掉后，不影响句意。句意就在很久以前，我最后一次见你。故选D。10. Its time _. A. to go to home B. to go home C. going to home D. going home【答案】B【解析】Its time to do表示该到做某事的时候了，go home表示回家的意思，故本题选B。11. 【2019 甘肃省天水市】_ exciting news it is! Beijing will hold 2022 Winter Olympic Games. A. What anB. WhatC. HowD. How an【答案】B【解析】句意：多么令人兴奋的消息啊！北京将举办2022年冬奥会。分析句子结构可知考查感叹句，在感叹句中，what修饰名词，how修饰形容词/副词，根据exciting news it is可知句型结构为：What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语动词！句中news消息，不可数名词。故选B。12.【2019 山东省青岛中考】_ special classes we had! We have learned a lot about paper cutting.A. WhatB. What aC. How aD. How【答案】A【解析】句意：我们上的课多么不寻常啊！我们学到了很多剪纸的知识。感叹句的基本结构：How形容词/副词主语谓语+其他! What+（a/an）(形容词)名词主语+谓语+其他！题干中的中心词classess是可数名词复数，符合What形容词可数名词复数（主语+谓语+其他）！，故答案选A。13. 【2019 湖北省随州中考】All of my classmates have passed the PE test._ exciting the news is!A. WhatB. What anC. HowD. How an【答案】C【解析】句意：我所有的同学们已经通过了体育考试。那个消息是多么令人兴奋！这里是感叹句，用how来感叹，排除A、B；其结构是How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。排除D。根据题意，故选C。14. 【2019 江苏省淮安中考】It is said that 5G is coming. It will improve our life great!_ amazing it is!A. What anB. How aC. WhatD. How【答案】D【解析】句意：据说5G就要来了。它将极大地改善我们的生活！它是多么令人惊讶呀！这里是感叹句，感叹名词用what，感叹形容词用how，amazing是形容词，排除AC；其结构是How+形容词或副词+主语+谓语。排除B，根据题意，故选D。模拟题检测1. (2019年汕头市潮南区模拟) useful suggestion you offer! Thank you!Youre welcome!A. What anB. What aC. How anD. How【答案】B【解析】句意：你提供了一条多么有用的建议啊! 谢谢你。不用谢。A.What an+元音音素开头的形容词+可数名词单数；B. What a+辅音音素开头的形容词+可数名词单数；C. How an错误；D. How+形容词/副词。useful suggestion为辅音音素开头的形容词+可数名词单数，故选B。2019年江苏省连云港市赣榆实验中学中考英语模拟试题2._ youve made! But you should still work hard, the teacher said to the boy.A. What great progressB. How a big mistakeC. What a big mistakeD. How great progress【答案】A【解析】句意：“但是你还是应该努力学习。”老师对男孩说。感叹句具体构成如下：（1）what + a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语！（2）what +形容词+不可数名词或可数名词复数+主语+谓语！（3）how+形容词或副词+主语+谓语！ mistake或progress是名词可知填what，可知选A或C；A. What great progress多大的进步啊；C. What a big mistake多大的错误啊。根据下文“但是你还是应该努力学习。”可知“你取得了多大的进步啊！” 故选A。3. (珠海市北大附属实验学校初中部2020届九年级上学期10月调研)_wonderful advice !A. HowB. What aC. How aD. What【答案】D【解析】句意“多么完美的建议啊！”。本句话中省略了主语和谓语的感叹句。形容词wonderful修饰不可数名词advice，用“what+adj+不可数名词（+主语+谓语）”结构，故选D。3. (北京市上地实验学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第二次统练)_ the mooncakes are！A. What deliciousB. How deliciousC. What a deliciousD. How a delicious【答案】B【解析】句意：多美味的月饼啊！考查感叹句。根据句中mooncakes可知，不可用不定冠词a，C、D选项排除。句子主谓结构是the mooncakes are，前面的单词是形容词delicious，应用how修饰，故应选B。4. (山东滨州部分学校2019-2020学年九年级上学期第一次月考)-_useful advice he gave me! _kind he is!A. What, HowB. How, WhatC. What a, HowD. What an, How【答案】A【解析】句意：他给我的是多么有用的建议啊！他是多么的善良啊！考查感叹句的用法。what修饰名词或名词短语，有以下两种形式：1. What+a(an)+（形容词）+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！或是：What+名词词组+主语+谓语！2. What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！由How引导的感叹句。how用来修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构是：How+形容词（副词）+主语+谓语！第一句中advice(建议)是不可数名词，需用引导词what; 第二句kind（好的）是形容词，需用引导词how。根据句意结构，故选A。5. (安徽省桐城市第二中学2019届九年级下学期第三次模拟考试It is the ability to do the job _ matters not where you come from or what you are.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. where【答案】B【解析】句意：重要的是你的工作能力,而不是你是哪里的人或是什么人。这句是强调句It is .+that.这里强调的是the ability to do the job。判断强调句的关键在于你去掉 it is 和that之后这句话还是完整的句子The ability to do the job matters not where you come from or what you are。matter 在这里是一个动词,是重要的意思，故选B。6. (济南汇才学校2019-2020学年度第一学期期中) _ delicious the food is in China! So it is. We all enjoy it.A. WhatB. HowC. How anD. What an【答案】B【解析】句意：在中国食物是多么美味啊!确实如此。我们都很喜欢。how和what都可用于引导感叹句：how修饰形容词或副词，what修饰名词或名词性短语。本句delicious（美味的/好吃的）是形容词，需用“How+形容词+主谓”结构；根据句意语境，可知选B。7. (广东梅州市2019-2020学年第一学期中段联考)._ clean the classroom is! Who cleaned it ?A. How aB. What aC. WhatD. How【答案】D【解析】句意：这个教室多么干净啊！谁打扫的？根据句意、所给选项可判断出这个是感叹句。感叹句两种句型：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！根据clean是形容词，可知使用How，故选D。8. It was because I like you _ I speak out frankly.A. that B. why C. because D. who【答案】A【解析】本题考查的是强调结构。强调结构为It is/was. that.，本题强调状语。句意：我坦率的讲是因为我喜欢你。9. It was _ who helped us out of danger.What brave and helpful children! We should learn from them.A. they B. them C. their D. theirs【答案】A【解析】考查代词。根据题干，这是一个强调句，强调主语！ 英语中为了表达的正式，这时应用主格的代词。本句的意思是就是他帮我们脱离的危险。所以本题选B。10. (北京101中学2020届上学期初中九年级10月月考)_ the mooncakes are!A. What delicious B. How delicious C. What a delicious D. How a delicious【答案】B【解析】句意：多么美味的月饼啊！该句考查感叹句，感叹句的基本结构为：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！根据delicious是形容词，可知使用How，故选B。11. (四川雅安中学20192020学年上期学考) popular Tik Tok（抖音）is nowadays! So it is . More than 100 million people share short videos on it every day.A. What B. What an C. How D. How an【答案】C【解析】句意：现在抖音是多么受欢迎啊！确实是，每天有一亿多人分享这一短视频。，感叹句的基本结构为：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！根据popular是形容词，可知使用How，故选C。12. (湖南省麓山国际实验学校20192020第一次限时练） useful weather report he has just offered!It really helps a lot. We can plan our trip now.A. What a B. How C. What【答案】A【解析】句意：他提供了多么有用的天气预报啊！确实很有帮助。我们现在就可以计划我们的旅程了。感叹句的基本结构为：What+(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语！；How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！根据report是单数名词，可知使用What a，故选A。
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