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第38课 语法填空解题策略方法根据浙江省近3年中考真题可知，语法填空分为根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。一、根据上下文在空白处填入一个适当的词，常考查冠词、介词、连词、宾语从句引导词，定语从句关系词和感叹句引导词等，针对以上的考查点，考生可采取以下方法：1. 冠词：根据语境，若空白处后的名词表示单数概念，且该空表泛指或特指，则考虑用冠词。表泛指用不定冠词a/an，若该名词以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。表特指用定冠词the。2. 介词：浙江省语法填空对介词的考查包括介词的基本用法（见第23课常用介词的主要用法）和介词的固定搭配。常见的介词固定搭配有：（1）动词与介词的搭配come up with想出（2018绍兴中考67题）；wait for等待（2017绍兴中考67题/金华中考68题）；look forward to盼望；look after照顾；take care of照顾；take pride in为骄傲；spend.on在上花费；come from来自（2017衢州中考64题）（2）形容词和介词搭配be different from与不同（2018杭州中考53题）；be good at擅长于；be harmful to对有害；be busy with忙于；be angry with对生气；be proud of以为骄傲（3）名词与介词的搭配at the age of在某人岁时（2018衢州中考）；to ones surprise使某人吃惊的是；in English用英语（2017丽水中考68题）；on foot步行；by bike骑车；by accident偶然；by mistake无意；in fact事实上；on ones way to.在某人去的路上（4）其他常见介词短语the same as和一样；instead of代替；as for至于；next to紧挨着；because of因为3. 连词：对于连词的考查，首先要分析连词所连接的两个句子之间的关系，从而确定该用并列连词还是从属连词（见第24课连词的用法）。常考查的连词有：when当时候（2017衢州中考69题）；so.that.如此以至于（2018台州中考62题）；so因此（2017台州中考64题）；because因为（2018衢州中考69题）；since自从（2017丽水中考66题）；not.until.直到才（直到）；though虽然；but但是（2018绍兴中考70题）。4. 宾语从句引导词和定语从句关系词（具体见第31课宾语从句和宾语从句的用法）。5. 感叹句：感叹句常见的结构有：（1）what+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！（2）what+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词（+主语+谓语）！（3）How+形容词/副词（+主语+谓语）！如果感叹名词，用what（a/an）（2017绍兴中考69题）；如果感叹形容词，用how（2018嘉兴中考48题）。6. 常考句型Its+adj.+for sb. to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说（2018绍兴中考66题）。二、用所给词的适当形式填空常考查动词的被动语态（2018衢州中考70题，台州中考67题）、动词的现在完成时（2018绍兴中考65题）、动词不定式（2018绍兴中考69题）、动词的固定搭配（2018衢州中考68题）、动词的一般过去时（2018绍兴中考68题）、动词一般现在时的三单形式、动词一般将来时、情态动词表推测等；常考查形容词的比较级（2018绍兴中考63题）、最高级（2017金华中考63题）和相应副词形式（2018宁波中考59题）；常考查名词的复数（2018杭州中考59题）和所有格；常考查代词的五种（主格、宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、反身代词）形式互换（2018金华、丽水中考61题）。当堂检测A（2018湖州市吴兴区中考模拟） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。Stephen Hawking, who was born in England in 1942, died at the age of 76. He was one of the 1_（great） scientists on space and time in the world. Hawking spent his whole life 2_（study） how the universe started and how it will end.When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he got a serious illness 3_ made him unable to speak or breathe. He also couldnt move or dress 4 （he）. However, he had 5_ wheelchair with a special computer, with which he could communicate with others.Though he was facing all these 6_（difficulty）, he refused to give up his hope of living. Because of his illness, it was difficult 7_ him to draw diagrams or to write. So he 8_（begin） thinking in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he is respected by people in the world.Once he was invited to China to give lectures. We 9_（touch） by his self-confidence and humorous conversation deeply.He once said, “When something unfair happens, 10_ is nothing to worry about!You just have to do the best in your own situation.”B（2017绍兴中考） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。Malala Yousafzai, 19, is a Pakistani youth activist. She is the 1_（young） person in the world ever to be named United Nations （U.N.） Messenger（信使） of Peace. The United Nations is 2_ international organization, which is meant to encourage 3_（country）to work together on different opinions without the use of war. Yousafzai has 4_（glad） accepted the role of working for girls education. Usually, a messenger 5_（stay） in the position（职位） for three years. “If 6_ want to see your future bright, you have to start working now and not wait 7_ anyone else,” she said at the acceptance meeting in New York. In 2012, Yousafzai was nearly killed by the Taliban because she worked hard 8_（get） the same education for young girls in Pakistan. But later her condition improved.9_a brave girl!Since then Yousafzai 10 （become） a symbol of peace and girls right to receive an education.C（衢州中考） 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空（每空不多于3个单词）。 Danny has a hobbyplaying games online. He is interested 1_ solving puzzles. He particularly enjoys chatting to other gamers.Now Danny 2_（sit） quietly in front of his computer. His mother thinks he is doing his homework, 3_ she is wrong. Danny is actually surfing the Internet, solving puzzles and chatting to other gamers around the world. “4_ funny it is!” Danny thinks.Why are games online so interesting? “5_ I can pretend to be a different person. There are also many different 6_（kind） of games for me to play,” says Danny. “Other people love to play these games because they can play at any time. They do not need to organize a group. Someone in the world always wants 7_（play）.”Starting a game online is not easy. Some gamers8_（not） welcome new gamers. They will become angry when new gamers ask them questions. Other gamers are helpful. They want to make new friends. When Danny has 9_ question, he always says, “Excuse me, are you busy? I am new at this game and I need some help.” Sometimes this 10_（work）. At other times, however, the gamer at the other end makes you feel like a fool.参考答案当堂检测A：1. greatest 2. studying 3. that/which 4. himself5. a 6. difficulties 7. for 8. began 9. were touched 10. thereB：1. youngest 2. an 3. countries 4. gladly 6. stays 6. you 7. for 8. to get 9. What 10. has becomeC：1. in 2. is sitting 3. but 4. How 5. Because 6. kinds 7. to play 8. dont 9. a 10. works 5
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