2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第170期

2022年考博英语-中国人民大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题During his two-month stay in China, Tom never （ ）a chance to practice his Chinese.问题1选项A.passed onB.passed upC.passed byD.passed out【答案】B【解析】动词词组辨析。pass on传递，继续，去世；pass up拒绝，错过；pass by走过，经过；pass out分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。2. 单选题He claims that advertising today tends to portray women in traditional roles such as cooking or taking care of the baby.问题1选项A.depictB.advocateC.criticizeD.analyze【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，如今的广告倾向于将女性塑造成做饭或照顾孩子等传统角色。选项A与划线部分意思最为接近。3. 单选题Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe; an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you can not prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.1.Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if （ ）.2.A really fearless soldier （ ）.3.Fear should be used properly because （ ） .4.People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because （ ）.5.Which of the following statements is implied but not stated?问题1选项A.they were given no warning beforehandB.they had never burnt themselvesC.they had no sense of painD.they were fearful of the fire问题2选项A.is of little use to the armyB.is without equalC.is nothing but a dead soldierD.easily gets killed in a battle问题3选项A.an airplane may crash on your houseB.you may get cancerC.fear can be used as a servant and guideD.men are now letting fear rule them too much问题4选项A.they have gained experienceB.they jump out of the way in timeC.they are calm in face of dangerD.they are warned of the danger and can take quick action问题5选项A.Fear is always something helpful.B.Too much fear is harmful.C.Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide.D.Fear is something unprofitable【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第二句“If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away.”如果火在燃烧时没有伤到孩子，他们就会一直玩到火烧到自己的手为止。选项B符合原文。2.细节推断题。根据关键词“fearless soldier”定位到第一段第四句“A really fearless soldierand some do exist一is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; ”一个无畏的士兵不是一个好士兵,因为他很快就会被杀。选项D符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第三段第一句“The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide.”重要的是不要让恐惧支配你，而是要把恐惧当作你的仆人和向导。选项C符合原文。4.细节推断题。根据题第三段的二三句“Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful actions to avoid the danger.”恐惧会警告你有危险；然后你必须决定采取什么行动。在大多数情况下，你可以采取快速和成功的行动来避免危险。选项D符合原文。5.推断题。选项A中always表述错误；选项C是原文已经阐明的观点；选项D不符合原文。只有选项B正确且符合原文。4. 单选题In general, the（ ）amount that a student spends for housing should be held to one-fifth of the total for living expenses.问题1选项A.acceptableB.advisableC.availableD.applicable【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：一般来说，学生在住房上的开支应控制在生活费总额的五分之一以内。根据句意可知，这里指可用的费用，选项B更符合句意。5. 单选题Bank notes are not usually （ ）into gold nowadays.问题1选项A.invertedB.revertibleC.convertibleD.diverting【答案】C【解析】形近词辨析。句意：现在的纸币通常不能兑换成黄金。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题My grandmother has been going to a better dentist, so this（ ） problems she is having with her dentures.问题1选项A.wont eliminateB.will be eliminationC.should have been eliminatedD.should help eliminate【答案】D【解析】句意：我的祖母一直在看牙医，所以这应该有助于解决她的假牙问题。should表示有较大可能实现的推测，且根据句意可知，这里时态应该为一般现在时，所以选项D正确。7. 单选题（ ） the increase in the number of computers in our offices, the amount of paper that we need has risen as well.问题1选项A.Along withB.AltogetherC.AlthoughD.All along【答案】A【解析】along with随同.一起；altogether完全，总而言之；although尽管，虽然；all along始终，一直。句意：随着我们办公室电脑数量的增加，我们需要的纸的数量也增加了。选项A符合句意。8. 单选题Many of the fads of the 1970s（ ） as todays latest fashions.问题1选项A.are being revivedB.is revisedC.are revokedD.is being reviled【答案】A【解析】本句的主语是“the fads”，所以谓语动词为复数，首先排除选项B和D；revive恢复，复兴；revise修正，校订；revoke取消，废除；revile辱骂，斥责。选项A符合语境。9. 单选题To us it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese in the eleventh century B. C.We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: it became a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first person in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans.During the Middle Ages, the use of the umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered a symbol of power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France and later on in England.By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasnt until the twentieth century that womens umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors.1.The first use of umbrella was as （ ） .2.（ ）were the people who first used umbrella.3.The umbrella was used only by royalty or by those in high offices （ ）.4.According to the passage, which of the following is not true?5.Which of the following is the best title of the passage?问题1选项A.protection against rainB.a shade against the sunC.a symbol of powerD.a symbol of honor问题2选项A.ChineseB.RomansC.GreeksD.Egyptians问题3选项A.in Europe in the 18th centuryB.in ancient Egypt and BabylonC.in the Far East in ancient timesD.during the Middle Ages问题4选项A.Women enjoy using umbrellas with varied kinds of colors nowadays.B.The inventor of the umbrella is unknown.C.Once ordinary people had no right to use umbrellas.D.Umbrellas were popular and cheap in ancient times.问题5选项A.When Was the Umbrella Invented?B.The History of UmbrellaC.UmbrellaA Symbol of HonorD.Who Used Umbrella First?【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段最后一句“Its first use was as a shade against the sun.”可知选项B与原文描述一致。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的内容可知，最早使用伞的是中国人，选项A正确。3.细节事实题。根据第三段最后一句“In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices.”可知选项C与原文一致。4.细节判断题。根据原文第三段可知，在古代远东地区只有皇族或高官才能使用伞，由此可以推断伞并不便宜，所以选项D错误。5.主旨题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲述伞的历史。选项B正确。10. 单选题The plane found the spot and hovered close enough to （ ） that it was a car.问题1选项A.ensureB.examineC.verifyD.testify【答案】C【解析】动词词义辨析。句意：飞机发现了这个地点，并盘旋着靠近，以证实这是一辆汽车。verify指证明，证实；testify指作证。选项C更符合语境。11. 单选题Our boss is taking everyone to the ballet tonight, and I need to make sure my new dress（ ） for the occasion.问题1选项A.has been cleanedB.should have been cleanedC.is being cleanedD.has been cleaning【答案】A【解析】句意：老板今晚要带大家去看芭蕾舞剧，我得确保我的新衣服洗干净了。根据句意可知这里应用现在完成时，首先排除选项C；选项B表示本应该洗却没有洗，不符合语境；衣服是被洗，用被动语态，所以选项A正确。12. 单选题The advertisement for Super Suds detergent（ ）that the sale has increased by 25 % in the first quarter of the year.问题1选项A.have been so successfulB.had been so successfulC.has been so successfulD.will be so successful【答案】C【解析】本句主语为advertisement，所以谓语动词为单数。句子是一般现在时，填空处时态应与后面保持一致，所以选项C正确。13. 单选题He（ ） himself bitterly for his miserable behavior that evening.问题1选项A.repealedB.resentedC.replayedD.reproached【答案】D【解析】reproach sb. for sth.为某事斥责某人。句意：他为那天晚上的卑鄙行为狠狠地责备了自己。选项D符合句意。14. 单选题Tom and Alice（ ） having a new car to replace their old one for years.问题1选项A.has been dreaming ofB.have been dreaming ofC.has dreamedD.will have dreamed【答案】B【解析】根据句意可知谓语应该用复数，首先排除选项A和C，再根据“for years”可知，应用现在完成时，所以选项B正确。15. 单选题Two of the children have to sleep in one bed, but the other three have （ ） ones.问题1选项A.similarB.singularC.differentD.separate【答案】D【解析】形容词词义辨析。句意：两个孩子必须睡在一张床上，而另外三个孩子睡在不同的床上。根据语境可知，这里指分开的独立的床，选项D符合语境。16. 单选题It must guarantee freedom of expression, to the end that all（ ） to the flow of ideas shall be removed.问题1选项A.propheciesB.transactionsC.argumentsD.hindrances【答案】D【解析】prophecies预言；transactions交易，事务；arguments辩论；hindrances障碍，妨碍。句意：必须保证言论自由，最终思想流动的一切障碍都应消除。选项D符合句意。17. 单选题They achieved more than they had ever dreamed, lending a magic to their family story that no tale or ordinary life could possibly rival.问题1选项A.confirmB.achieveC.matchD.exaggerate【答案】C【解析】名词词义辨析。根据句意可知，这里指任何故事或普通生活都无法与之相匹敌。选项C与划线部分意思最为接近。18. 单选题What（ ） about that article in the newspaper was that its writer showed all attitude cool enough, professional enough and, therefore, cruel enough when facing that tragedy.问题1选项A.worked me outB.knocked me outC.brought me upD.put me forward【答案】B【解析】work out算出，解决；knock sb. out把某人打昏，使疲劳；bring sb. up把某人抚养大；put forward提出。句意：报纸上那篇文章让我大吃一惊的是，它的作者在面对那场悲剧时，表现出了足够冷静、足够专业的态度，因此也足够残忍。选项B符合语境。19. 单选题Not until the 1980s（ ） in Beijing start to find ways to preserve historic buildings from destruction.问题1选项A.some concerned citizensB.some concerning citizensC.did some concerning citizensD.did some concerned citizens【答案】D【解析】Not until位于句首应使用倒装。句子表示过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时，借助于助动词did并提前，concerning为介词，也可以看作动名词，表示使担忧，但选项C的表达不符合语法；concerned为形容词，在这里修饰citizens。所以选项D正确。20. 翻译题One might ask why speculation is permitted when there is so real a danger of loss. The basic reason is that speculation can perform useful functions in the economy. Buying a commodity or the stock in the belief that prices will rise speeds market equilibrium and encourages faster entry of more suppliers. If the price change lagged until after an actual commodity shortage had occurred, the fluctuation would probably be sharper and more sudden. Remedial supply action could not be further delayed. Similarly, if speculators foresee a surplus in some commodity, their selling of futures will help drive the price down to some extent before the surplus actually occurs. When speculators foresee a shortage and bid up the price, they are also helping to conserve the present supply. As the price goes up, less of the commodity is purchased; a rise in price encourages users to economize. Similarly, a lowering of price encourages users to buy more, thus helping to sell the surplus which is developing.【答案】当确实存在遭受损失的风险时，人们不禁要问为什么允许进行投机活动。这其中根本的原因是投机能对经济活动产生有益作用。当人们预期商品价格的上涨速度要超过市场平衡点时，就会买入商品或股票并鼓励更多的供应商入市。如果价格的变化滞后，甚至在切实的商品短缺发生后，价格还没有变化，价格波动可能会更剧烈和更突然。调节性的供应行为此时丝毫不能耽搁。同样，如果投机商预测到某些商品会供应过量，这时他们如果卖出期货将有助于在切实的商品供应过量发生前将价格下调到一定水平。当投机商预测到商品会短缺并通过竞标抬高价格时，他们也在帮助囤积当前的商品供应。随着价格的上涨，人们购买的商品量就会减少；价格的上涨鼓励人们节约。同样，降低价格将会鼓励使用者购买更多的商品，进而有助于将正在形成供应过量的商品销售出去。