2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）第114期

2022年考博英语-湖南师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Samantha sobbed uncontrollably and hid in the locker room, so _ was she about having lost in the finals of the state tennis championship.问题1选项A.pragmaticB.dejectedC.jubilantD.indifferent【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项pragmatic“务实的”；B选项dejected“沮丧的”；C选项jubilant“欢呼雀跃的”；D选项indifferent“漠不关心的”。句意：萨曼莎控制不住哭泣，躲在更衣室里，非常_她输掉了州网球锦标赛的决赛。输掉比赛以后萨曼莎哭泣，躲在更衣室里不想见人，B选项dejected“沮丧的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题In studying social groups, sociologists often gain （ ） through the use of such devices as questionnaires.问题1选项A.assessB.credibilityC.understandingD.insight【答案】A【解析】gain access （to）为固定搭配, 意为“接近, 获得权限, 得到（信息, 资源等）”, 这里省略了介词to。选项A正确。3. 单选题Whatever the causes, the English by the end of the year 2050 will have been more widely spoken and written than any other language _.问题1选项A.ever wasB.had ever beenC.would ever beD.has ever been【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：不管原因是什么，到2050年年底，英语的使用和书写将比现在任何其他语言都要广泛。will have been是将来完成时，此句表示英语在未来会比到目前为止在用的任何一门语言都应用广泛，形容其他语言的动词应该用现在完成时，D选项has ever been符合题意。A选项ever was是一般过去时，B选项had ever been是过去完成时，C选项would ever be是过去将来时，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。4. 单选题At last she left her house and hurried to the airport only _ the plane flying away.问题1选项A.sawB.seenC.seeingD.to see【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：最后她离开了家，匆忙赶往机场，却只看见飞机飞走了。only+现在分词（短语）和only+不定式（短语）都可作结果状语，跟现在分词往往表示一种自然的合乎逻辑的结果，而跟不定式往往表示一种出乎意料的或令人失望的结果，仅限于少数终止性动词，如find，hear，learn，make，see等。only到句尾部分是结果状语，匆忙赶往机场却未能如愿登机，是令人失望的结果，D选项to see符合题意。A选项saw是一般过去时，作谓语动词，不作非谓语动词；B选项seen是过去分词，不单独使用；C选项only seeing表示合乎逻辑的结果，含有意料之中的意思，不存在失望的情况，不符合语境。因此D选项正确。5. 单选题In Briton the robin is a small bird, but its（ ）in America is much large.问题1选项A.speciesB.counterpartC.analogyD.category【答案】A【解析】句意：在英国知更鸟是一种小鸟, 但在美国它的物种要大得多。species物种, 种类；counterpart相似物；analogy 类比, 类似；category种类, 分类。选项A形容生物种类, 所以选项A正确。6. 单选题I shall tell him the truth, _.问题1选项A.no matter whether he likes it or notB.whether he likes it or notC.no matter he likes it or notD.whether he would like it or not【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：不管他喜不喜欢，我都会告诉他真相。no matter与疑问词who，what，where，when，how，if，whether等连用，意为“无论，不管”，可引导让步状语从句，A选项no matter whether he likes it or not符合题意。B选项中whether意思为“（表示迟疑或两个可能性之间的选择）是否”，不符合语境；C选项中no matter意思为“不要紧”，用法错误；D选项中whether用法错误。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题Students who dont work hard will face（ ）prospects in the future.问题1选项A.meagerB.rareC.bleakD.slight【答案】C【解析】meager贫乏的，瘦的；rare稀少的；bleak惨淡的，无希望的；slight轻微的，少量的。能与prospects搭配且符合句意的只有选项C。指前途惨淡的，无希望的。8. 单选题With his face （ ）by a mask, the fireman dashed into the house on fire.问题1选项A.hiddenB.concealedC.screenedD.buried【答案】C【解析】四个词都有“掩饰, 掩藏”之意, 但侧重点不同。hide 般用于hide sb/sth in a place；conceal隐瞒, 一般表示“掩饰, 不让别人发现”；screen表示“遮蔽以起到保护的效果”；bury表示“埋葬”。根据句意可知, 所以C符合语境。9. 单选题Increased （ ）can release the workers for other tasks.问题1选项A.efficiencyB.effectC.effectivenessD.effort【答案】A【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。10. 单选题In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top. In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricanes rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12-inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the seathe mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.1. When is a storm considered to be a hurricane?2. The underlined “innocent circling disturbances” in Paragraph 2 means _.3. The underlined “it” in “moves upward through it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _.4. Strong winds are produced because of _.5. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?问题1选项A.When it is accompanied by wind.B.When it is accompanied by both wind and rain.C.When its circling winds move at 75 miles per hour or even more.D.When the circling winds bring damages.问题2选项A.innocent people causing small disturbancesB.innocent people causing big disturbancesC.damaging circling windsD.harmless circling winds问题3选项A.a disturbanceB.moist airC.trade windD.water问题4选项A.the young hurricaneB.the heat generated along with rainC.a disturbanceD.moist air问题5选项A.The Hurricaneits harms and benefits.B.The origin and effects of hurricane.C.The hurricane and its great energy.D.The disasters caused by hurricanes.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.事实细节题。精确定位根据题干定位到第一段第二句Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件。），可知C选项“当旋风以至少每小时75英里的速度移动时”正确。排除干扰项A选项“当有风时”：当风速达到一定程度才能算飓风，属于偷换概念。B选项“当风雨交加时”：是否有雨不是判断是否为飓风的条件，属于无中生有。D选项“当旋风带来损害时”：这是飓风的影响而非定义，属于偷换概念。2.词汇推断题。1. 句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）2. 上下文语义衔接下文提到旋风开始在海面游移，当暖空气中的水分变成雨，随着热量增加，风开始逆时针旋转形成飓风。综上，这里指的是旋风在真正转化成飓风之前不会带来损害，D选项“无害的旋风”正确。排除干扰项A选项“无恶意之人造成轻微的干扰”和B选项“无恶意之人造成严重的干扰”：这里说的是大自然中的飓风，跟人没有关系，属于无中生有。C选项“破坏性的旋风”：风远离海岸时强度没有那么大，不会造成损害，属于反向干扰。3.词汇推断题。句中前后信息衔接根据题干定位到第二段第三句When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top.（如果条件成熟，温暖潮湿的空气流入这股风暴的底部，在风暴内向上运动，又从顶部流出。）这里讲的是湿热空气的运动轨迹，主语是air，谓语动词是flows、moves和comes，宾语是disturbance，it指的是前面的disturbance，A选项disturbance“干扰”正确。排除干扰项B选项“潮湿的空气”：湿热的空气是主语，是动作的发出者，而不是承受者，属于曲解原文。C选项“信风”：对应第二段第二句they are carried westward by the trade winds（信风把它们吹向西边），这里指的是风暴在海面游移的时候，信风改变风向，而不是纵向运动，属于张冠李戴。D选项“水”：对应第二段第四句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain（在这过程中，暖空气中的水分生成雨），这里阐述水分如何变成雨水，没有讲水的运动轨迹，属于张冠李戴。4.推理判断题。找句内线索根据题干定位到第二段倒数第二句In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is converted to energy in the form of strong winds.（在这过程中，热空气中的水分生成雨，随着温度上升，会以狂风的形式转化为能量。）可知热量促成雨水的生成，也产生狂风，B选项“带来雨的热量”正确。排除干扰项A选项“刚产生的飓风”：对应到第二段最后一句As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.（随着热量的增加，刚产生的飓风开始以逆时针旋转。），这里所指的飓风就是狂风的升级版，属于偷换概念。C选项“干扰”：这里的干扰指的是狂风的雏形阶段，是狂风本身，属于偷换概念。D选项“湿气”：湿气变成雨水，湿气本身不能形成狂风，属于张冠李戴。5.主旨大意题。1. 首尾段核心句首段第一句提出现象吸引读者：In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas.（每年下半年，在热带的大西洋和加勒比海经常有大风暴。）；第二句讲述飓风的产生情况：Of these, only about a half a dozen generate the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast.（其中只有大约一半形成至少每小时75英里的强烈旋风，这创造了它们成了飓风的重要条件，其中有几个通常会到达海岸。）；第三句讲述飓风的影响：There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.（它们造成海岸上数百万美元的损失和大量死亡。）。尾段第一句but it contains almost more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）讲的是飓风的影响。由此推断全文的主旨应是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。2. 分析文章的行文结构本文的结构是总分，第一段概括全文，第二、三段分别讲述飓风的形成和影响，因此B选项正确。3. 梳理各段核心句第一段：引出飓风的话题，简单介绍飓风的产生和影响。第二段：第一句The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundredseven thousandsof miles out to sea.（侵袭海岸的大风暴最先在海岸几百甚至几千英里外做无害的盘旋干扰。）引出这段的主要内容，讲述飓风的形成过程。第三段：第一句but it contains almost more power than we can imagine（但它的力量超出我们的想象）是段总述句，这一段讲述飓风有什么力量。综上，全文主旨是“飓风的起源和影响”，因此B选项正确。排除干扰项A选项“飓风其危害和好处”：关键词harms and benefits分别对应第三段第二句satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months和第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，这都是第三段的内容，不足以概括全文，属于以偏概全。C选项“飓风及其巨大能量”：关键词great energy对应第三段第一句it contains almost more power than we can imagine，这里的power指的是好处和危害，只出现在第三段，属于以偏概全。D选项“飓风的危害”：disasters对应第三段第三句main source of death and destruction in a hurricane，也属于以偏概全。11. 单选题Just as the builder is skilled in the handling of his bricks, _ is the experienced writer in the handling of his words.问题1选项A.soB.asC.thusD.equally【答案】A【解析】考查状语从句。句意：正如建筑工人熟练地使用他的砖，经验丰富的作家同样如此地运用他的文字。just as.so“就像，同样”，just as引出表示对比的从句，主句用so相对应，A选项so符合题意。其余选项用法错误。因此A选项正确。12. 单选题Crops dies during the（ ）, resulting in famine throughout the country.问题1选项A.adversityB.disasterC.droughtD.calamity【答案】C【解析】adversity灾难，逆境，不幸；disaster灾祸；drought干旱；calamity 灾难，不幸事件。根据句意可知，庄稼应该是在旱季才会死亡，所以选项C符合语境。13. 翻译题1. If the young engineer didnt have all these qualities, he could never have done what he has done or have the chance of succeeding in what he is trying to do.2. Cloning doesnt necessarily make cells grow old, and can even act as a fountain of youth, say researchers who have been investigating a group of cloned calves.3. We often reach an impasse in our thinking, at that moment we are looking at a problem, and trying to solve it and it seems there is a dead end.4. The curriculum of the high school is similar to conventional school that provide preparation for college, complete with English, history, math and science, besides, all students are required to take performing arts and sports and provide a community service.5. In the Philippines, women were found to contribute about a third of households cash income, but 55 percent of household support if the economic value of their activities at home, such as growing food, or gathering hay to feed the family donkey, is included.【答案】1. 如果这位年轻的工程师没有所有这些品质，他就不可能完成他所做的事情，也不可能有机会在他所尝试的事情上取得成功。2. 一直在研究一组克隆小牛的研究人员说，克隆不一定会使细胞衰老，甚至还能起到不老泉的作用。3. 我们经常在思维过程中陷入僵局，当我们看到问题并试图解决时，似乎就会有一个死胡同。4. 这所高中的课程与传统学校的课程类似，都为升入大学做准备，包括英语、历史、数学和科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。5. 研究发现，在菲律宾，妇女贡献了家庭现金收入的三分之一，但如果算上家务的经济价值，比如种植粮食或收集干草饲养家中的驴子，则为家庭贡献了55%。14. 单选题The addictive nature of online gambling has forced many _ garners to seek treatment.问题1选项A.sedativeB.fortifiedC.compulsiveD.impulsive【答案】C【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项sedative“镇静剂”；B选项fortified“（在物质或精神上）加强”；C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”；D选项impulsive“易冲动的”。句意：在线赌博成瘾的基本特征迫使许多_的赌徒寻求治疗。这里的赌徒对赌博上瘾，不能控制自己停下赌博，C选项compulsive“欲罢不能的”形容他们符合题意。因此C选项正确。15. 单选题He wants to follow in his fathers footsteps to be a teacher because he regards teaching as an honorable （ ）.问题1选项A.callingB.taskC.employmentD.duty【答案】B【解析】句意：他想追随他父亲的脚步成为一名教师, 因为他认为教学是一项光荣的任务。选项A和C表示职务, 教学不是职务, 所以不正确；选项B更符合语境。16. 单选题The detective watched and saw the suspect _ a hotel at the corner of the Street.问题1选项A.getting off the taxi and walking intoB.got off the taxi and walked intoC.get off the taxi and walk intoD.got off the taxi to walk into【答案】C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：侦探看着嫌疑犯下了出租车，走进了街角的一家旅馆。本句谓语动词是watched and saw，横线处是非谓语动词，在这里指“看见他下出租车和进旅馆”的整个过程。watch/see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做（瞬间）”，watch/see sb. do sth.“看见某人做了某事（全过程）”，C选项get off the taxi and walk into符合题意。因此C选项正确。17. 单选题When we drove along, we saw heavy wisps of smoke from factory chimneys（ ）up into the air.问题1选项A.ascendingB.fluctuatingC.spiralingD.charging【答案】A【解析】ascend up into.为固定搭配，表示“上升，升向”。这里指烟囱里的烟升向天空，选项A正确。18. 单选题The prisoner（ ）a means of escape from prison.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conspiredC.intriguedD.plotted【答案】D【解析】contrive设计，谋划；conspire共谋，协力；intrigue用诡计取得；plot密谋。选项A强调设法得到；选项B强调两个人合作；选项C强调用诡计取得；选项D强调秘密的筹划。所以选项D更符合语境。19. 单选题He developed a（ ） attitude after years of frustration in his career.问题1选项A.encouragedB.disgustedC.drasticD.cynical【答案】D【解析】encouraged鼓舞人心的；disgusted厌烦的；drastic激烈的；cynical愤世嫉俗的。句意：在经历了多年的事业挫折之后，他变得愤世嫉俗。选项D符合语境。20. 翻译题In economics the most fundamental of these central problems is the theory of value. The theory of value must explain how the comparative values of different goods and services are established. Until that problem is solved, it is not possible to analyses for scientific purposes what will be produced and in what quantities, how the resources will be employed in producing the menu of outputs, and how the resources will be valued. Without a theory of value the economists can have no theory of international trade or possibly a theory of money. This central problem of value does not change in its essential concern if one seeks to explain values in rural or urban societies, or in agricultural or industrial societies.【答案】在经济学中，这些核心问题的最基本部分是价值理论。价值理论必须解释出不同商品和服务的比较值是怎样生成的。只有这个问题解决了才有可能从科学的目的去分析生产什么产品、生产数量和生产项目单上的这些产品需要雇用多少劳力，以及怎样利用以实现这些劳力的最大价值。没有价值论，经济学家就不会知道国际贸易理论，可能也不会知道货币理论。如果人们试图从农村城市社会或是农业工业社会去解释价值，则基本上价值的核心问题不会改变。