2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷18（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-南昌大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题Crafty men condemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that there is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.【答案】有实际才干的人鄙薄书本；头脑简单的人羡慕书本；只有聪明人才会运用书本。因为书籍本身并不教人如何运用，运用之道，乃在书外，且高于书本，唯有通过观察才能学到。读书时不可存心与作者辩难，不可以轻信盲从，也不可寻章摘句，作为谈资，而须权衡与琢磨。2. 单选题It should be that as individuals gifted students are endowed with certain attributes which represent their potential success in life.问题1选项A.remindedB.perceivedC.markedD.noted【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。remind “提醒，使想起”；perceive “理解，认知”；mark “标志”；note “注意；记录”。句意：要认识到一点：作为个体，有天赋的学生被赋予了某些特性，这些特性代表着他们生命中潜在的成功。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题_ all our kindness to help her; Sara refused to listen.问题1选项A.AtB.InC.ForD.On【答案】D【解析】考查介词词义辨析。at “在（表示存在或出现的地点、场所、位置等）”；in “在内”；for “对；为了”；on “在之上；对于，关于”。句意：对于我们的友好帮助，萨拉拒绝了。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题People have been donating blood since the early twentieth century to help accident victims and patients undergoing surgical procedures. Usually a pint of whole blood is donated, and it is then divided into platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells. People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months.Transfusing the blood from the donor to the recipient is straightforward. D.It involves taking the blood from a donors arm vein by means of a hypodermic syringe. The blood flows through a plastic tube to a collection bag or bottle that contains sodium citrate, which prevents the blood from clotting.When the blood is given to a patient, a plastic tube and hypodermic needle are connected to the recipients arm. The blood flows down from the container by gravity. This is a slow process and may last as long as 2 hours to complete the infusion of blood into the recipient. The patient is protected from being infected during the transfusion. Only sterile containers, tubing, and needles are used, and this helps ensure that transfused or stored blood is not exposed to disease-causing bacteria.Negative reactions to transfusions are not unusual. The recipient may suffer an allergic reaction or be sensitive to donor leukocytes. Some may suffer from an undetected red-cell incompatibility. Unexplained reactions are also fairly common. Although they are rare, other causes of such negative reactions include contaminated blood, air bubbles in the blood, overloading of the circulatory system through administration of excess blood, or sensitivity to donor plasma or platelets.Today, hospitals and blood banks go to great lengths to screen all blood donors and their blood. D.All donated blood is routinely and rigorously tested for diseases, such as HIV (which cause AIDS), hepatitis B, and syphilis. When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement. Donated blood is washed, and the white blood cells and platelets are removed.Storing the blood sometimes requires a freezing process, to freeze the red blood cells, a glycerol solution is added. D.To unfreeze, the glycerol is removed. D.The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health.1. According to this passage, how often can people donate blood for red blood cells?2. Which sentence in paragraph 2 explains how clotting is prevented in the blood container?3. All of the following are mentioned as potential negative reactions to transfusions EXCEPT?4. Based on the information in the passage, what can be inferred about blood transfused to infants and newborns?5. What does the author imply in the passage?问题1选项A.Every monthB.Every two monthsC.Every three monthsD.Every year问题2选项A.The first sentenceB.The second sentenceC.The third sentenceD.None of the above问题3选项A.allergiesB.sensitivity to donor leukocytesC.red-cell incompatibilityD.air bubbles in the blood问题4选项A.It is as rigorously tested as blood for adultsB.It is treated with radiant energyC.It is not treated differently from adultsD.It is not dangerous for children问题5选项A.Transfusing blood is a dangerous processB.Freezing blood destroys plateletsC.Clotting cannot be preventedD.Storing blood benefits mankind【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:D第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段最后一句话提到的内容People can donate blood (for red blood cells) about once every two months可知选项B符合题意。2.判断推理题。第二段第一句话提到把献血的血液输血给接受者很简单。第二句话提到通过皮下注射器从献血者手臂的静脉中抽取血液。第三句话提到柠檬酸钠可以防止血液凝固。因此可知是第三句话讲述了如何防止血液凝固，选项C符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第四段前三句话，可以排除A、B、C三个选项，因此选项D符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段倒数第二句话提到当接受者是新生儿或婴儿时，通常对血液进行辐射处理以消除有害的毒素（When the recipient is a newborn or an infant, the blood is usually irradiated to eliminate harmful clement），由此可知选项B符合题意。5.细节事实题。文章第六段最后一句话提到长期储存血液的能力对人类健康大有裨益（The ability to store blood for long periods has been a boon to human health），因此选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Competition, many people believe, the national character rather than corrupt it.问题1选项A.enforcesB.confirmsC.intensifiesD.strengthens【答案】D【解析】than决定了这里的corrupt(腐坏，破坏)与空格处的词相对，所以空白处应填入D，表示“加强”的意思。句意：很多人相信竞争会加强民族性格而不是破坏它。6. 单选题“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didnt attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most do attach great importance to it. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,，” and “Everyones entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. In fact, anyone who would challenge anothers opinion is likely to be branded intolerant.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge anothers opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. D.For example, you may ask a friend, “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, theyre ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste. And as the old saying goes “Its pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial case. Obviously the justices did not state their personal preferences, their mere likes and dislikes. They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.Is everyone entitled to his opinion? Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. D.We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.1. The new Ford cars are cited as an example to show that .2. Considered judgment is different from personal preference in that .3. As indicated in the passage, being free to act on ones opinion .问题1选项A.personal tastes are not something to be challengedB.it is unwise to express ones likes and dislikes in publicC.it is foolish to criticize a famous brandD.one should not always agree to others opinions问题2选项A.it is a result of a lot of controversyB.it reflects public likes and dislikesC.it is based on careful thoughtD.it is stated by judges in the court问题3选项A.means that one can impose his preference on othersB.means that one can ignore other peoples criticismC.doesnt mean that one has the right to charge others without evidenceD.doesnt mean that one has the right to do things at will【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（For its obvious that by opinion he means his personal preference, a matter of taste），因此选项A符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and deliberation），因此选项C符合题意。3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Among different kinds of monkeys, it is the chimpanzee that has interested scientists .问题1选项A.bestB.mostC.the mostD.mostly【答案】B【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：在不同种类的猴子中，让科学家最感兴趣的是黑猩猩。空格处需要填入一个表示“最，非常”的词，因此选项B符合题意。8. 单选题Surprisingly perhaps, the biggest health risk for tourists travelling abroad is actually road traffic accidents.问题1选项A.potentialB.theoreticalC.definiteD.alternative【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。potential “潜在的，可能的” ；theoretical “理论的；理论上的”；definite “一定的，确切的”；alternative “供选择的；选择性的”。句意：也许令人惊讶的是，对出国旅游的游客来说，最大的潜在健康风险实际上是道路交通事故。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influenza is sometimes called “flu” or a “bad cold”. He took samples from the throats of patients and in his hospital he was able to find the virus of this influenza.There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are type A and B, each of them having several subgroups. With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A but he did not know the subgroup. Then he reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. A.W.H.O. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong of China, where about 15%-20% of the population had become ill.As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, doctors began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself with very high speed, the virus had grown more than a million times within two days. Continuing their careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs against all the known subgroups of virus type A. A.None of them gave any protection. This, then, was something new, a new influenza virus, against which the people of the world had no help whatever.Having found the virus they were working with, the two doctors now dropped it into the noses of some specially selected animals, which get influenza as much as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. D.These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer. Scientists, like the general public, call it simply Asian flu.The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in mainland China before the disease had appeared in other countries. Various reports showed that the influenza outbreak started in mainland China, probably in February of 1957. By the middle of March it had spread all over the mainland. D.The virus was found by Chinese doctors early in March. But at that time China was not a member of the World Health Organization and therefore did not report outbreaks of disease to it. Not until two months later, when travelers carried the virus into Hong Kong, China, from where it spread to Singapore, did the news of the outbreak reach the rest of the world. D.By this time it was well started on its way around the world.Thereafter, WHOs Weekly Reports described the steady spread of this great virus outbreak, which within four months swept through every continent.1. The outbreak in Hong Kong, China, was due to a virus in .2. Why did the two doctors drop the flu into the noses of animals?3. The Asian flu virus .4. Where was the flu first found?5. When did the virus reach the rest of the world?问题1选项A.a new subgroup of Group AB.an old subgroup of Group AC.a new subgroup of Group BD.an old subgroup of Group B问题2选项A.To decide on the virus nameB.To see how it can affect the animalsC.To find the channel of the virus spreadD.To test the speed and effect of virus reproduction问题3选项A.was a killerB.was very weakC.could reproduce very quicklyD.died very fast问题4选项A.In Hong Kong, ChinaB.In SingaporeC.In mainland ChinaD.Not mentioned问题5选项A.In FebruaryB.Before MarchC.In AprilD.After May【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第二段第三句话With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus in group A but he did not know the subgroup可知选项A符合题意。2.判断推理题。文章第四段倒数第二句话提到在很短的时间内，疾病的常见症状出现了。这些实验证明，这种新病毒很容易感染，但它不是致命病毒（In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments proved that the new virus was easy to catch, but that it was not a killer），由此可知实验是为了测试病毒的传播和再生的速度。因此选项D符合题意。3.判断推理题。文章第四段提到医生用动物来做实验，发现这类病毒再生速度非常快（In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared），由此可知选项C符合题意。4.细节事实题。文章第五段第一句话提到这种病毒在其他国家出现之前，最早在中国大陆出现（The first discovery of the virus, however, was made in mainland China before the disease had appeared in other countries），因此选项C符合题意。5.判断推理题。文章第五段提到这种病毒最早是在中国大陆出现，时间是大约1957年2月份，而被医生发现是在三月份，两个月后通过旅行者传播到了中国香港，然后再传染到新加坡，因此选项D符合题意。10. 单选题The famous scientist his success to hard work.问题1选项A.ascribedB.grantedC.impartedD.acknowledged【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ascribe “归因于”，一般与to 搭配，ascribe to “把归于”；grant “（合法地）授予”；impart “告知”；acknowledge “承认，确认”。句意：这位著名的科学家将其成功归功于努力。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题In the 1970s, Saudi Arabia and other oil-rich states vast sums of money through the sale of oil.问题1选项A.assembledB.accommodatedC.accumulatedD.appreciated【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。assembled “装配，组合”；accommodated “安排，为提供住宿”；accumulated “积累”；appreciated “欣赏”。句意：上世纪70年代，沙特阿拉伯和其他富油国家通过出售石油获得了巨额财富。选项C符合题意。12. 单选题Iceland lies far north in the Atlantic, with its northern most tip actually the Arctic Circle.问题1选项A.touchedB.touchingC.being touchedD.touches【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词。根据前半部分内容可知句子已经有谓语部分，因此空格处不可能再出现谓语形式，因此可知只能选择非谓语动词。再判断出Iceland与 Arctic Circle是主动关系，因此选项B符合题意。句意：冰岛位于大西洋北部，最北端与北极圈相接。13. 单选题These days, Jenny has consumed a lot and has a whole of bills waiting to be paid.问题1选项A.stackB.pileC.numberD.sequence【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。a stack of bills “一堆账单”。句意：这些天，珍妮买了很多东西，有大堆账单等着支付。选项A符合题意。14. 单选题This is an ideal site for a university it is far from the downtown area.问题1选项A.provided thatB.now thatC.in thatD.so that【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。provided that “如果；条件是”；now that “既然，由于”；in that “因为，由于”；so that “以便，所以”。句意：这里是建大学的理想场所，因为它离市中心很远。选项C符合题意。15. 单选题Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool. Measurements are taken of the amount of work done, and the buildup of heat in the body. Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions. The same person is then tested again, using a tool designed according to the suggestions made by Dr. Tichauer. All these tests have shown the great improvement of the new designs over the old.One of the electronic instruments used by Dr. Tichauer, the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle.Another machine measures any dangerous features of tools, thus proving information upon which to base a new design. One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs.This work has attracted the attention of efficiency experts and time-and-motion-study engineer, but its value goes far beyond that. Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user. With the repeated use of the same tool all day long on production lines and in other jobs, even light manual work can put a heavy stress on one small area of the body. In time, such stress can cause a disabling disease. Furthermore, muscle fatigue is a serious safety hazard.Efficiency is the by-product of comfort, Dr. Tichauer believes, and his new designs fortraditional tools have proved his point.1. What are involved in the design of a new tool according to the passage?2. From the passage we know that joints and muscles perform best when .3. A “myograph” (Para. A.2, Line 1) is an electronic instrument that .4. It can be inferred from the passage that .5. Dr. Tichauer started his experiments initially to .问题1选项A.Electronic instruments and a regular toolB.A human “guinea pig” and a regular toolC.Electronic instruments and a human “guinea pig”D.Electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig” and a regular tool问题2选项A.they are twisted and stretchedB.they are in their normal positionsC.they are tested with a human “guinea pig”D.they are tested with electronic instruments问题3选项A.is able to design new toolsB.measures the amount of energy usedC.enable people to see the muscular movementsD.visualizes electrical signals问题4选项A.a stepladder used to have four legsB.it is dangerous to use toolsC.a tripod is safer in a tool designD.workers are safer on production lines问题5选项A.improve efficiencyB.increase productionC.reduce work loadD.improve comfort【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.细节事实题。根据文章第一段前面两句Design of all the new tools and implements is based on careful experiments with electronic instruments. First, a human “guinea pig” is tested using a regular tool可知做该实验涉及到了electronic instruments, a human “guinea pig”和a regular tool，选项D符合题意。2.细节事实题。根据文章第一段第四句话Twisted joints and stretched muscles cannot perform as well, it has been found, as joints and muscles in their normal positions可知选项B符合题意。3.细节事实题。根据文章第二段内容the myograph, makes visible through electrical signals the work done by human muscle可知选项C符合题意。4.推理判断题。文章第三段第二句提到用新机器做实验的一个结论是，三脚架的活梯比四脚活梯用起来更稳定、更安全（One conclusion of tests made with this machine is that a tripod stepladder is more stable and safer to use than one with four legs），由此可知以前的梯子都是四脚的，因此选项A符合题意。5.推理判断题。文章倒数第二段第二句提到Dr. Tichauer最初的想法是为了工具使用者的健康（Dr. Tichauers first thought is for the health of the tool user），随后提到使用新机器可以减少人的压力，由此可知选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Being somewhat short-sighted, Sally has developed the habit of at people.问题1选项A.peeringB.gazingC.glancingD.scanning【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。四个单词均有“看”的意思，但又有区别。Peer指当看不清时仔细去端详；gaze表示由于对某事物感兴趣或者惊讶而注视；glance表示快速地瞥一眼；scan表示非常仔细地察看某事物。根据前半句的意思“由于她近视”，因此可知选项A符合题意。句意：由于有点近视，萨丽养成了盯着他人看的习惯。17. 单选题The United States consists of fifty states, has its own government.问题1选项A.each of themB.they eachC.whichD.each of which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。句意：美国由50个州组成，每个州都有自己的政府。选项D符合题意。18. 单选题It is reported that the government is going to impose a tax on fuels which _ global warming.问题1选项A.attribute toB.tribute toC.contribute toD.relate to【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。attribute to “把归因于”；tribute to “向致敬”；contribute to “有助于”；relate to “涉及，有关”。句意：据报道，由于全球变暖，政府将征收燃料税。选项A符合题意。19. 单选题Animals that could not themselves to the changed environment perished and those that could survived.问题1选项A.conformB.adaptC.modifyD.conform【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conform “使遵守，使一致”；adapt “适应”；modify “修改”；conform “符合，遵照”。句意：不能适应环境变化的动物灭绝了，而那些能适应的存活了下来。选项B符合题意。20. 单选题It is all very well to blame traffic jams, the cost of petrol and