2022年考博英语-广西大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）第43期

2022年考博英语-广西大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题Our mad attempts to avoid boredom uphold a profitable corner of the entertainment industry, while the variety of books, websites, TV programs and videos aimed at children and called Boredom Killers suggests that ennui，has no age restriction. This is no new development - obsessive texting is hardly on a level with watching lions rip gladiators to shreds for entertainment, and, as the British public seem to be moving on to a stage where fox-hunting is no longer seen as a justifiable, fun diversion, we must be doing something right. However, some experts have recently pointed out that obsessive avoidance of boredom (apart from being quite dull in itself - have you ever tried to have a decent conversation with an extreme sports enthusiast?) denies access to the certain kind of mental space which boredom brings and in doing so leaves us creatively and spiritually malnourished. In other words, boredom is becoming a lost art form.Steven Winn of the San Francisco Chronicle puts it in a recent article: “As more and more people seem to recognize, the universal experience of being bored -unengaged, detached, afloat in some private mental inactivity - may be far more precious, fruitful and even profound than a surface understanding might suggest. As ordinary as grey skies and equally pervasive, boredom deserves its own sun-splashed attention and celebration.This is a very particular understanding of what boredom is, and perhaps this very problem of definition is what lies at the root of the supposed debate. On the one hand, boredom can be defined as a state of listlessness, a lack of interest in that which surrounds us and a general sense of ennui. Of this particular definition, Saul Steinberg wrote, “The life of the creative man is led, directed and controlled by boredom. Avoiding boredom is one of our most important purposes. So in this case, boredom is something we flee from in horror.Another conception of boredom is of a blank, private mental space, invaluable for relaxing and for the fermentation of creative juices. It is this type of boredom which is considered by some to be a lost art form. Informational overload from all quarter means that there can often be very little time for personal thought, reflection, or even just zoning out. With a mobile that is constantly switched on and a surplus of entertainments available to distract the marked eye, it is understandable that some people find it difficult to actually get bored in that particular restlessness, introspective kind of way.1. The word ennui (Line 3, Para. 1) most probable means（ ）.2. Boredom is becoming a lost art form because people（ ）.3. According to Steven Winn, which of the following is true about boredom?4. From the passage, we can learn that boredom（ ）.5. A suitable title for the passage might be（ ）.问题1选项A.avoiding boredomB.lack of creativityC.love of entertainmentD.the feeling of having nothing to do问题2选项A.are deprived of deep thoughtB.are abandoning old-fashioned amusementC.indulge in entertainmentD.have no private space问题3选项A.It is a common problem of human beings.B.It is always feared by creative men.C.It is important to recognize its significance.D.It is more valuable than entertainment.问题4选项A.has two contradictory definitionsB.has both strong and weak pointsC.is a source of art creationD.is dying in the information age问题5选项A.Life without BoredomB.The Influence of Modern EntertainmentC.Two Types of BoredomD.The Significance of Boredom【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:C第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.词义题。文章第一句指出: 为儿童设计并被称为“无聊杀手”的书籍、网站、电视节目、音像制品表明“ennui”没有年龄界限。因此推测，ennui是属于“无聊”之意的范畴，故选D项“一种没事可干的感觉”。2.细节事实题。通过题干关键词a lost art form定位至第一段最后一句: 然而，一些专家最近指出，强迫性地逃避无聊使人无法进入无聊带来的某种思维空间，这使我们在创造力和精神上 都处于营养不良的状态。换句话说，无聊成了一种“逝去的艺术形式”。以及最后一段: 正是这种无聊被一些人视为逝去的艺术形式。从四面八方涌来的过多的信息意味着很少有时间可用于个人思考、深思、或者仅仅“溜号”。因 此，综合考虑，无聊可以提供某种思维空间，但是现代社会充斥着过多的信息， 从而使得这种思考空间成为“逝去的艺术形式”。故选A项“被剥夺了深入思考”。3.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Steven Winn定位至第二段: the universal experience of being bored may be far more precious, fruitful and even profound than a surface understanding might suggest (普遍的无聊经历可能比表面看起来的要更加珍贵、更有成效、甚至更深刻)以及boredom deserves its own sun-splashed attention and celebration (无聊应受到阳光灿烂般的关注和赞美),因此可看出，Steven Winn认为， 无聊（其意义和积极影响）值得关注。4.判断推理题。A:两个定义相互矛盾。B:有优劣之分。文章的第三段和第四段分别谈及“无聊”的两种看法，但是不是相互矛盾，而且也无优劣之分，故排除A项和B项。C:是艺术创作的源泉。第四段第一句指出:无聊给予了人们独立思考的空间，因而对于艺术创造是极其珍贵的,但是并不能说无聊就是艺术创作的源泉，故排除C项。D:消亡于信息时代。根据第四段可知:无聊被称之为“逝去的艺术形 式”是因为繁杂的信息意味着用于有利于艺术创造的思考时间很少，即“无聊”的时间很少了，因此选D。5.主旨大意题。文章谈及对“无聊”的两种看法，并且提出“无聊”已经成了“逝去的艺术形式”这一主要观点。因此，D项“无聊的意义”比较适合做文章标题。2. 单选题On average, American kids ages 3 to 13 spent 29 hours a week in school, eight hours more than they did in 1981. They also did more household work and participated in more of such organized activities as soccer and ballet. Involvement in sports, in particular, rose almost 50% from 1981 to 1997: boys now spend an average of four hours a week playing sports; girls log half that time. All in all, however, childrens leisure time dropped from 40% of the day in 1981 to 25%.Children are affected by the same time crunch (危机)that affects their parents, says Sandra Hofferth, who headed the recent study of childrens timetable. A chief reason, she says, is that more mothers are working outside the home. (Nevertheless, children in both double-income and male breadwinner households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers.)All work and no play could make for some very messed-up kids. Play is the most powerful way a child explores the world and learns about himself, says T. Berry Brazelton, professor at Harvard Medical School. Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers, but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it.The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing free time watching television. But that, believe it or not, was one of the findings parents might regard as good news. If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading. Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading. Lets face it, whos got the time?1. By mentioning the same time crunch (Line 1, Para. 2) Sandra Hofferth means（ ）.2. According to the author, the reason given by Sandra Hofferth for the time crunch is（ ）.3. According to the author a child develops better if（ ）.4. The author is concerned about the fact that American kids（ ）.5. We can infer from the passage that（ ）.问题1选项A.children have little time to play with their parentsB.children are not taken good care of by their working parentsC.both parents and children suffer from lack of leisure timeD.both parents and children have trouble managing their time问题2选项A.quite convincingB.partially trueC.rather confusingD.totally groundless问题3选项A.he has plenty of time reading and studyingB.he is left to play with his peers in his own wayC.he has more time participating in school activitiesD.he is free to interact with his working parents问题4选项A.are engaged in more and more structured activitiesB.are increasingly neglected by their working mothersC.are spending more and more time watching TVD.are involved less and less in household work问题5选项A.extracurricular activities promote childrens intelligenceB.most children will turn to reading with TV sets switched offC.efforts to get kids interested in reading have been fruitfulD.most parents believe reading to be beneficial to children【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。题干意为: Sandra Hofferth所说的“the same time crunch”是什么意思？根据题干定位至第二段第一句: Children are affected by the same time crunch （危机）that affects their parents (时间危机影响孩子，同样也影响父母)。该句上段主 题是：孩子们的休闲时间从40%降到了 25%。该句的后文主题是：更多母亲在外工作，即与孩子相处的休闲时间也减少了。因此，两者都面临的时间危机就是C项“父母和孩子都缺乏休闲时间”。2.判断推理题。题干意为: 在作者看来，关于时间危机，Sandra Hofferth所给的原因。根据题干关键词Sandra Hofferth定位至第二段: more mothers are working outside the home (更多的母亲在外工作)。后面括号内应该是作者的看法: Nevertheless，children in both double-income and male bread winner households spent comparable amounts of time interacting with their parents, 19 hours and 22 hours respectively. In contrast, children spent only 9 hours with their single mothers (然而，孩子与父母相处的时间分别是：双亲同时工作的为19小时，父亲一人工作的为22小时，而单身母亲家庭只有9小时)。因此可知，作者不完全支持Sandra Hofferth 的说法。一方面，单身母亲和双亲工作的家庭，与孩子相处的时间少于父亲一人工作的家庭，即，作者大体同意Sandra Hofferth的说法。另一方面，作者认为需要根据不同家庭结构来分析此问题。因此，作者认为Sandra Hofferth所给的原因是“部分正确”3.判断推理题。题干意为:在作者看来，一个孩子在什么情况下会更好地成长？第三段指出了作者认为的玩耍对孩子成长的好处: Unstructured play encourages independent thinking and allows the young to negotiate their relationships with their peers.(自由玩耍能鼓励独立思考，让孩子们与他们的同伴协商他们的关系)。因此B项“如果让他和同伴们自由玩耍”正确。4.判断推理题。题干意为:作者所关心的事实是美国孩子。A:参加有组织的活动越来越多。第三段最后一句指出: but kids ages 3 to 12 spent only 12 hours a week engaged in it (但是，312岁的孩子一周只花了 12小时自由玩耍)。由此可见作者认为孩子自由玩耍的时间越来越少。所以A项所述作者会比较关心。B:上班母亲越来越忽视孩子。第二段谈及母亲上班有影响到孩子的休闲时间，但并不能推测出B项所述，因此排除B项。C:用来看电视的时间越来越多。第四段的确指出:The children sampled spent a quarter of their rapidly decreasing free time watching television (调查的孩子的休闲时间迅速减少，但是他们花其中四分之一的时间来看电视)，但并不能推测出C项所述，因此排除C项。D:做的家务劳动越来越少。第一段指出: They also did more household work (做的家务劳动越来越少)，由此可知，D项所述错误。因此本题选A。5.判断推理题。题干意为:从文章中，我们能推断出什么?A:课外活动促进儿童智力发展。文章并未有所体现。B:如果关掉电视机，多数孩子会去读书。最后一段指出: If theyre spending less time in front of the TV set, however, kids arent replacing it with reading (然而，如果他们花更少的时间看电视，孩子们不会以阅读来取代看电视)。因此B项错误。C:培养孩子们的读书兴趣的努力已经颇有成效。文章最后指出: Despite efforts to get kids more interested in books, the children spent just over an hour a week reading (尽管人们付出努力来培养孩子的读书兴趣，但孩子们一周仅有一个多小时用来读书)。因此C项错误。本题用排除法，可得出答案为D选项“大多数父母认为阅读对孩子有益”。3. 单选题The salmon is one of our most valuable fish. It offers us food, sport and profit. Every year commercial fishing（1）a harvest of over a billion pounds of salmon from the sea. Hundreds of thousands of salmon are caught each year by eager（2）fishers.In autumn, the rivers of the Northwestern United States come（3）with salmon. The salmon have left the ocean and are（4）their yearly run up river to spawn. Yet today, there are far fewer salmon than（5）because the salmon（6）has suffered from many perils of the modern age.Water pollution has killed many salmon by（7）them of oxygen. Over-fishing has further decreased their number. Dams has another（8），because they lock migration paths. Fish ladders, （9）stepped pools, have been built so that salmon can swim（10）over the dams. But young salmon swimming to the ocean have trouble （11）the ladders. Often they（12）their deaths over the dam or are killed in giant hydroelectric turbines.（13）America will continue to have plenty of salmon, conservationists have planned several ways to（14）the salmon population. Conservation officials have had some success（15）salmon in hatcheries and stocking salmon rivers with them. Salmon are also being introduced into new areas. In 1996, hundreds of thousands of young Coho salmon were planted in streams off Lake Michigan. The adults were expected to Migrate to the lake and feed upon an undesirable fish. The Cohoes thrived so well on this kind of fish in Lake Michigan that Cohoes are being planted in other Great Lakes.Thanks to the foresight and planning of conservationists, the valuable salmon should be around American shores, rivers and lakes for a long time to come.问题1选项A.results inB.results fromC.results atD.resulted in问题2选项A.commerceB.sportsC.salmonD.kindness问题3选项A.aliveB.activeC.liveD.about问题4选项A.atB.inC.onD.by问题5选项A.ever soB.ever sinceC.ever afterD.ever before问题6选项A.productionB.populationC.familyD.growing问题7选项A.forbiddingB.exploitingC.robbingD.endangering问题8选项A.dangerB.obstacleC.problemD.element问题9选项A.made up forB.made up toC.made upD.made up of问题10选项A.properlyB.safelyC.quicklyD.frequently问题11选项A.discoverB.to climbC.findingD.measuring问题12选项A.fall toB.fall backC.fall acrossD.fall away问题13选项A.So thatB.So far asC.So much asD.So long as问题14选项A.explodeB.developC.increaseD.catch问题15选项A.supportingB.raisingC.keepingD.resulting【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:A第4题:C第5题:D第6题:B第7题:C第8题:A第9题:D第10题:B第11题:C第12题:A第13题:D第14题:C第15题:B【解析】1.考查短语辨析。该处句意为:每年的商业捕鱼导致从海洋中收获超过十亿磅的三文鱼。故A项符合句意。2.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:急不可耐的渔民每年都会捕捉成千上万的三文鱼。因此B项符合句意。Sport本身有“娱乐”的意思,在这里表示“消遣性渔民”。3.考查固定搭配。come alive 热闹起来，活跃起来。其它选项均不能与come构成搭配。4.考查介词辨析。句意为:三文鱼离开海洋，每年都会回流到河面上产卵。因此，C项介词较为合适。5.逻辑分析。根据前文的yet“然而”，可推知此处是“现在和过去”的对比，即如今的三文鱼的数量比从前少。因此D项“以前”符合句意。6.考查名词辨析。该处句意为:三文鱼在现代遭受了很多危险。因此B项 “种群，数量”符合句意。7.考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的动名词形式。空格处动词应与介词of进行搭配。因此C项符合句意。Rob sb./sth. of sth. 剥夺某人/某物所需或应得之物。8.考查名词辨析。该处解题可以参考前面句意:水污染杀死了很多三文鱼。因此推测该处句意为:大坝是另一个危险，因为它们阻断了迁移的路径。故选A项。9.考查短语辨析。选项均为对应动词短语的过去分词形式作定语修饰fish ladders; stepped pools表示“阶梯式游泳池”。四个选项的意思分别是：make up for弥补;补偿；make up to sb.献媚；奉承;make up编造;化妆；be made up of由构成。因此，根据句意，D构成句意“由阶梯式游泳池构成的鱼梯”，符合语境和搭配，故为正确答案。10.考查副词辨析。该处句意为:建造鱼梯是为了三文鱼能游过大坝。因此B项“安全地”符合句意。11.语义题。根据固定搭配have trouble doing sth.(在方面有困难)可以排除A和B项。根据句意可知C项“发现梯子”正确。12.考查短语辨析。该句有并列连词or, or并列的是动词是are killed和空格处。因此A项符合句意,表示“掉到大坝上摔死”。13.逻辑分析。逗号后面是完整的句子，因此，前半句应该有相关的连词或关系词。后文句意为：生态环境保护者规划一些方案以增加鲑鱼的数量。因此此处是说鲑鱼的数量减少了，满足条件的是D选项“使濒危”。14.考查动词辨析。该处句意为:自然环境和野生动植物提倡保护者计划了几种方式以增加族群数量。故C项符合句意。15.考查动词辨析。该处搭配为:have success in doing sth.在某方面取得成功。根据并列的部分stocking salmon rivers可知，“raise salmon in hatcheries在孵化场饲养三文鱼”符合语境。4. 单选题I second his motion that we（ ）a special board to examine the problem.问题1选项A.shall set upB.set upC.would set lipD.sets【答案】B【解析】句意:我赞成他的提议，我们成立一个特别委员会来审查这个问题。语法题。考查虚拟语气。在motion(提议，议案)这类表示建议劝告等的从句中，动词应该用虚拟语气，即should + 原形，should可省略，因此B正确。5. 单选题How long（ ）each other before they（ ）married?For about a year.问题1选项A.have they known; getB.did they know; were going to getC.do they know; are going to getD.had they known; got【答案】D【解析】句意:你们结婚之前，你们认识了多久？大概1年。语法题。考查时态。结婚是已过去的事，因此，“结 婚”用过去式。那么，他们互相了解的约一年的时间肯定发生在结婚前，所以， 发生在过去某一动作之前的动作，应该使用过去完成吋。因此D项正确。6. 单选题A controversy erupted in the scientific community in early 1998 over the use of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) fingerprinting in Criminal investigations. DNA fingerprinting was introduced in 1987 as a method to identify individuals based on a pattern seen in their DNA, the molecule of which genes are made. DNA is present in every cell of the body except red blood cells. DNA fingerprinting has been used successfully in various ways, such as to determine paternity（父亲的身份）where it is not clear who the father of a particular child is. However, it is in the area of criminal investigations that DNA fingerprinting has potentially powerful and controversial uses.DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence. When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime. A match between the two DNA samples can be used as evidence to convict a suspect.The controversy in 1998 stemmed from a report published in December 1991 by population geneticists Richard C. Lewontin of Harvard University in Cambridge, Mass, and Daniel L. Hartl of Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Mo. Lewontin and Hartl called into question the methods to calculate how likely it is that a match between two DNA fingerprints might occur by chance alone. In particular, they argued that the current method can not properly determine the likelihood that two DNA samples will match because they came from the same individual rather than simply from two different individuals who are members of the same ethnic group. Lewontin and Hartl called for better surveys of DNA patterns.In response to their criticisms, population geneticists Ranajit Chakraborty of the University of Texas in Dallas and Kenneth K. Kidd of Yale University in New Haven, Conn., argued that enough data are already available to show that the methods currently being used are adequate. In January 1998, however, the Federal Bureau of investigation and laboratories that conduct DNA tests announced that they would collect additional DNA samples from various ethnic groups in an attempt to resolve some of these questions. And, in April, the National Academy of Sciences called for strict standards and system of accreditation（鉴定合格）for DNA testing laboratories.1. Before DNA fingerprinting is used, suspects（ ）.2. DNA fingerprinting can be unreliable when（ ）.3. To geneticists like Lewontin and Hartl, the current method（ ）.4. The attitude of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shows that（ ）.5. National Academy of Sciences holds the stand that（ ）.问题1选项A.would have to leave their fingerprints for further investigationsB.would have to submit evidence for their innocenceC.could easily escape conviction of guiltD.could be convicted of guilt as well问题2选项A.the methods used for blood- cell calculation are not accurateB.two different individuals of the same ethnic group may have the same DNA fingerprinting patternC.a match is by chance left with fingerprints that happen to belong to two different individualsD.two different individuals leave two DNA samples.问题3选项A.is not so convincing as to exclude the likelihood that two DNA samples can never come from two individualsB.is arguable because two individuals of the same ethnic group are likely to have the same DNA patternC.is not based on adequate scientific theory of geneticsD.is theoretically contradictory to what they have been studying问题4选项A.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to confirm the unlikelihood of two DNA samples coming from two individual membersB.enough data of DNA samples should he collected to confirm that only DNA samples from the same person can matchC.enough data are yet to be collected from various ethnic groups to determine the likelihood of two different DNA samples coming from the same personD.additional samples from various ethnic groups should be collected Io determine that two DNA sample are unlikely to come from the same person问题5选项A.DNA testing should be systematizedB.Only authorized laboratories can conduct DNA testingC.The academy only is authorized to work our standards for testingD.The academy has the right to accredit laboratories for DNA testing【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.判断推理题。题干意为:在DNA指纹识别使用之前，嫌疑犯。第二段指出:DNA fingerprinting and other DNA analysis techniques have revolutionized criminal investigations by giving investigators powerful new tools in the attempt to prove guilt, not just establish innocence (指纹和其他 DNA 分析技术已经彻底改变了刑事调查，给调查人员提供了强大的新工具，以证明有罪，而不仅仅是确立无罪)。后面还指出: When used in criminal investigations, a DNA fingerprint pattern from a suspect is compared with a DNA fingerprint pattern obtained from such material as hairs or blood found at the scene of a crime (在刑事调查时，嫌疑犯的DNA指纹图案与从犯罪现场发现的毛发或血液等材料中获得的DNA指纹图案进行比较)。由此可以推测，如果没有DNA指纹识别技术,嫌疑犯不会那么容易定罪。因此选C项“可能轻易逃脱罪责”。2.细节事实题。题干意为:在什么时候，DNA指纹识别可能不可靠？第三段指出: In particular, they argu