2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷34（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to（ ）of the body.问题1选项A.dispenseB.disposeC.discardD.discharge【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispense“分配，分发”；C选项discard“丢弃，抛弃”；D选项discharge“卸货，放出”。句意：因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。此外，dispose与of为固定搭配，意思是“处置，处理”。所以只有B选项符合。2. 不定项选择题(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec.30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.(3) “Its difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them, “Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday.”Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailandhas yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about（ ）.32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?34. We can infer from the last paragraph that（ ）.35. The best title for the passage is（ ）.问题1选项A.batting the SARSB.epidemic disease controlC.fighting the avian fluD.public health问题2选项A.Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.B.Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.C.Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.D.1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.问题3选项A.to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farmsB.to carry out regular disinfectionC.to raise ducks and chickens separatelyD.to stop poultry trade问题4选项A.currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humansB.the bird flu virus is easy to mutateC.the bird flu has killed millions of peopleD.the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza问题5选项A.Bird Flu: A Deadly DiseaseB.What Can We Learn from the Bird FluC.Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird FluD.Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:D【解析】31.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“第一段提到的国际会议的主题是关于”。根据文章第一段Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，国际会议的主题是关于抗击禽流感，因此C项“抗击禽流感”正确。A项“打击非典”，文中没有提到非典；B项“流行性疾病的控制”，第一段没有提到控制方面的内容；D项“公共健康”不符题意。故该题选C。32.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪个陈述是正确的？”。根据第四段第一句话Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said.（Anh说，大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）可知B项“大型商业农场已经采取了预防措施来控制禽流感”正确。A项“禽流感首先在越南被发现”，文中没有明确说到禽流感是在越南发现的；C项“Bui Quang Anh认为预防禽流感是不可能的”，根据第五段第一句话New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said.（Anh说，新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施。）可知，一些卫生措施是可以采取用来预防禽流感的，所以C项错误。D项“在去年爆发的禽流感中，有1000只家禽被杀死”，根据第二段最后一句the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.（去年禽流感疫情曾蔓延到10个亚洲国家，导致1亿多只家禽被宰杀。）可知，不是1000只，而是1亿多只，D项错误。故该题选B。33.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据短文，下列哪项措施不能有效地对抗禽流感？”根据文章第四段Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection（大型商业农场从第一次疫情中吸取了教训，并采取了预防措施，如严格的卫生标准和定期消毒）和第五段New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures（新的规定应该包括把鸭和鸡分开，要求鸭在笼子里饲养，并改善卫生措施）可知，A项“推行严格的家禽卫生标准”，B项“定期进行消毒”和C项“分开饲养鸭和鸡”均已提及，只有D项“停止家禽贸易”文中没有提到。故该题选D。34.【试题答案】A【试题解析】推理判断题。题干意思是“从最后一段我们可以推断”。根据最后一段第一句has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between human（目前尚未变异成可在人与人之间传播的病毒）可知，目前禽流感还不能在人与人之间传播，因此A项“目前禽流感病毒不能在人与人之间传播”正确。B项“禽流感病毒很容易变异”，第五段最后一句提到But scientists say it may mutate to a human form（但是科学家们说，这种病毒可能会变异），由此可知，禽流感病毒是可能会变异但不一定很容易变异，B项错误；C项“禽流感已经夺去了数百万人的生命”，根据最后一段第一句The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people including-32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailand（这种病毒去年已造成46人死亡，其中包括32名越南人和12名泰国人）可知，C项错误；D项“禽流感比普通流感更致命”，最后一句说到it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.（这种病毒可能会变异，就像20世纪三次流感大流行中导致数百万人死亡的那种病毒一样致命），由此可知是变异后可能会比普通流感更致命，所以D项错误。故该题选A。35.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章最好的标题是”。文章全篇主要讲述的是禽流感的预防措施和控制，根据文章首段(6) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asials deadly bird flu virus, a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.（越南一位高级官员在星期三召开的防治禽流感国际会议前夕说，家禽养殖户需要采用严格的卫生标准来遏制亚洲的致命禽流感病毒。）可知，本文是讲述官方如何督促农民控制禽流感，所以D项“官方督促农民控制禽流感”符合题意。A项“禽流感：致命的疾病”太片面，因此不选；B项“我们能从禽流感中学到什么”，文中没有提到这些内容，B项错误；C项“越南：禽流感最大的受害者”，文章也未提及越南是禽流感的最大受害者。故该题选D。3. 不定项选择题A Washington-based think tank has been soliciting critiques of the just-released international assessment of the evidence on climate change, a move that prompted some academics and environmentalists to accuse the group of seeking to distort the latest evidence for global warming.Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the Public Interest Research Group questioned why the American Enterprise Institute (AEI) has offered $10,000 to academics willing to contribute to a book on climatechange policy, an overture that was first reported Friday in Londons Guardian newspaper.Greenpeace spokeswoman Jane Kochersperger, who noted that AEI has received funding from Exxon Mobil in recent years, said yesterday that the think tank “has clearly hit a new low when its throwing out cash awards under the rubric of reason to create confusion on the status of climate science. Americans are still suffering the impacts of Hurricane Katrina, and its clearly time for policymakers on both sides of the aisle to take substantive action on global warming and ignore Exxon Mobils disinformation campaign via climate skeptics.”AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Greenone of two researchers who has sought to commission the critiquessaid in an interview that his group is examining the policy debate on global warming, not the science.“Its completely policy-oriented,” said Green, adding that a third of the academics AEI solicited for the project are interested in participating. “Somebody wants to distort this.”In July 2006, Green and AEI resident scholar Steven F. Hayward both of whom have questioned the need for caps on emissions of carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warming started soliciting essays from academics on the then-upcoming report on global warming by the U.N. sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The surveys authors, who hail from more than 100 countries, said in their report Friday that they are at least 90 percent certain that human activity accounted for climate change over the past 50 years.“The purpose of the project is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of the IPCC process, especially as it bears on policy responses to climate change,” the two men wrote. “As with any large-scale consensus process, the IPCC is susceptible to self-selection bias in its personnel, resistant to reasonable criticism and dissent, and likely to have summary conclusions that are poorly supported by the analytical work of the complete Working Group reports.”At least two academics Texas A&M University atmospheric sciences professor Gerald North and Texas A&M climate researcher Steven Schroeder turned down AEIs offer because they feared their work would be politicized.Schroeder, who has worked with Green in the past and has questioned some aspects of traditional climate modeling, said in an interview that he did not think AEI would have skewed his results. But he added that he worried his contribution might have been published alongside “off-the-wall ideas” questioning the existence of global warming.“We worried our work could be misused even if we produced a reasonable report,” Schroeder said. “While any human endeavor can be criticized, the IPCC system greatly exceeds the cooperation, openness and scientific rigorousness of the process applied to any other problem area that has significant effects on society.”41. The word “commission” in the fourth paragraph can be best replaced by（ ）.42. Some academics and environmentalists accuse（ ）of seeking to distort the latest evidence of global warming.43. Advocacy groups include（ ）.44. Jane Kochersperger is（ ）.45. Kenneth Green believes（ ）.46. The best title for this article is（ ）.问题1选项A.calling the group together to do the jobB.separating the group from doing the jobC.committeeD.setting up a committee to tackle this issue问题2选项A.a Washington based think tankB.a solicitorC.an assessmentD.an assessment group问题3选项A.American Enterprise institute and the Public Institute Research GroupB.Greenpeace and American Enterprise InstituteC.Greenpeace Public Interest Research Group and American Enterprise InstituteD.Public Interest Research Group and Greenpeace问题4选项A.an employer of Exxon MobilB.a U.S. congresspersonC.a victim of Hurricane KatrinaD.a spokesperson for Greenpeace问题5选项A.there is a need to cap emissions of carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warmingB.there is no need to cap emission of carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warmingC.global warming is a big problem in more than 100 countriesD.global warming is not a big problem in more than 100 countries问题6选项A.Our Environmental ConcernsB.The Threat of Global WarmingC.The Debate over Global WarmingD.The Build Up of Carbon Dioxide We Face Today【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:D第4题:D第5题:B第6题:C【解析】41.【试题答案】A【试题解析】词义辨析题。commission出现在文章第四段AEI visiting scholar Kenneth Green one of two researchers who has sought to commission the critiques（美国企业研究所访问学者肯尼斯格林两名寻求委托发表评论的研究人员之一），根据第四“commission”一词的后面一句said in an interview that his group is examining the policy debate on global warming.（他的团体正在研究全球变暖的政治辩论）。A选项“召集大家来做这件事”，符合文章内容。B选项“把团队和工作分开”，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“委员会”，commission这里作为动词，C选项词性不符合，可排除。D选项“评估小组”，不符合题意，可排除。因此A选项正确。42.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第一句、第二句A Washington-based think tank has been soliciting critiques（一家总部设在华盛顿的智库一直在征求批评意见），可知accuse the group of seeking to distort the latest evidence for global warming.（指责该组织试图歪曲全球变暖的最新证据）中的“the group”指的是前面的“华盛顿智库”。A选项“华盛顿智库”，符合文章内容。B选项“说客”，不符合题意，可排除。C选项“评估”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“评估小组”，不符合题意，可排除。因此A选项正确。43.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Advocacy groups such as Greenpeace and the Public Interest Research Group（倡导组织如绿色和平组织和公共利益研究组织），说明倡导组织就是绿色和平组织和公共利益研究组织。D选项“公共利益研究小组和绿色和平组织”，符合文章内容。A选项“美国企业研究所和公共研究所研究小组”，在文中没有提及，可排除。B选项“绿色和平组织和美国企业研究所”、C选项“绿色和平公共利益研究小组和美国企业研究所”在文中没有提及美国，C可排除。因此D选项正确。44.【试题答案】D【试题解析】细节事实题。根据第三段第一句Greenpeace spokeswoman Jane Kochersperger（绿色和平组织发言人Jane Kochersperger）。选项D“绿色和平组织发言人”，符合文章内容。A选项“埃克森美孚公司的雇主”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项B“美国国会议员”，不符合文章内容，可排除。选项C“卡特里娜飓风的受害者”，不符合文章内容，可排除。因此D选项正确。45.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。由题干可以定位到文章第六段第二句both of whom have questioned the need for caps on emissions of carbon dioxide and other gasses linked to global warming（两人都对限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体排放的必要性质疑），二者皆怀疑限制二氧化碳和其它与全球变暖有关的气体的释放的需要，根据此意可知Kenneth Green认为没有必要限制这些气体的释放。选项B“没有必要限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体的排放”，符合文章内容。选项A“有必要限制二氧化碳和其他与全球变暖有关的气体的排放”，A选项正好与文章内容相反。选项C“全球变暖是100多个国家的一个大问题”是文章没有提到此内容，可排除。D选项“全球变暖在100多个国家都不是大问题”，文章没有提到此内容，可排除。因此B选项正确。46.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。从文章的第一段我们便可知道文章的主题，第一段讲到华盛顿的一群智囊团质疑新近发布的有关全球变暖的证据报告，这导致了一些学术家和环境主义者对此的反驳和与智囊团的争辩。所以文章就是围绕有关全球变暖的争论开始的。C选项“关于全球变暖的争论”，符合文章内容。因此C选项正确。4. 单选题With orders and counter-orders, and with pressure mounting on all sides, the question of where he was to go again（ ）.问题1选项A.has come to the foreB.came to the foreC.had come to the foreD.came to the spotlight【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。come to the fore“出现”。题中的句子只是一个普通的过去陈述句，所以选B。D选项“出现在聚光灯下”，不符合文章内容，可排除。句意：由于汇票、还盘以及各方面的压力的攀升，他要去哪里的问题又出来了。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题I didnt know it then, but this disruptive way of reading started with the very first novel I ever picked up.问题1选项A.harmfulB.persistentC.interruptiveD.characteristic【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。disruptive在句中是“破坏性的，扰乱性的”；A选项harmful“有害的”；B选项persistent“持久稳固的”；C选项interruptive“中断的，阻碍的”；D选项characteristic“有特征的”，句意：我当时不知道，但这种颠覆性的阅读方式始于我捡到的第一本小说。因此只有C项符合。6. 单选题Familiarity with Western weapons, the assistance of European officers, reliance upon steamships, all gave his army great superiority（ ）the other armies of the period, including those of the government.问题1选项A.toB.betterC.overD.of【答案】C【解析】固定搭配辨析。superiority over sth.“比优越；比优越”。句意：熟悉西方武器，欧洲官员的帮助以及蒸汽船的使用使得他的军队当时的包括政府军队在内的其他军队。本句表达“他的军队比其他军队优越”。因此C选项正确。7. 单选题The rear section of the brain does not contract with age, and one can continue living without intellectual or emotional faculties.问题1选项A.advancedB.growingC.frontD.back【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。rear在句中是后面的，后方的；A选项advanced“高级的，先进的”；B选项growing“成长的”；C选项front“前面的”；D选项back“后面的”。句意：大脑后部不会随着年龄的增长而收缩，一个人可以在没有智力或情感能力的情况下继续生活。因此只有D符合。8. 单选题Before it could be resolved through a new centralization of dynastic power under a new mandate, the intellectual crisis of the Confucian beliefs brought on by the impact of the West undermined the social order itself, which was made more vulnerable by the（ ）of its political institutions.问题1选项A.functionalB.malpracticeC.integrationD.disintegration【答案】D【解析】考查名词以及形容词词义辨析。A选项functional“功能的”；B选项malpractice“玩忽职守”；C选项integration“集成，综合”；D选项disintegration“瓦解，崩溃”。题干说到，西方冲击了孔子思想指示破坏了秩序的本事，可推测空中应该填入一个表示坏结果的词，A，C可排除。B选项在不符合题意，也可排除。句意：在它可以通过新的王朝权力集中来解决之前，西方影响所带来的儒家信仰的知识危机破坏了社会秩序本身，它因其政治机构的而变得更加脆弱。因此D选项正确。9. 单选题Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.问题1选项A.identicalB.doubleC.illustratedD.legible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。duplicate表示“复制的”。A项identical“同一的，完全相同的”，B项double“双倍的”，C项illustrated“有插图的”，D项legible“清晰的，易辨认的”。句意：现代印刷设备能迅速生产出文字和图片的复制品。根据句意，该题选A正确。10. 不定项选择题Attacking an increasingly popular Internet business practice, a consumer watchdog group Monday filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users. Commercial Alert, a 3-year-old group founded by consumer activist Ralph Nader, asked the FTC to investigate whether eight of the Webs largest search engines are violating federal laws against deceptive advertising.The group said that the search engines are abandoning objective formulas to determine the order of their listed results and selling the top spots to the highest bidders without making adequate disclosures to Web surfers. The complaint touches a hot-button issue affecting tens of millions of people who submit search queries each day. With more than 2 billion pages and more than 14 billion hyperlinks on the Web, search requests rank as the second most popular online activity after E-mail.The eight search engines named in Commercial Alerts complaint are: MSN, owned by Microsoft; Netscape, owned by AOL Time Warner; Directhit, owned by Ask Jeeves; HotBot and Lycos, both owned by Terra Lycos; Altavista, owned by CMGI; LookSmart, owned by LookSmart; and iWon, owned by a privately held company operating under the same name. Portland, Ore.-based Commercial Alert could have named more search engines in its complaint, but focused on the biggest sites that are auctioning off spots in their results, said Gary Ruskin, the groups executive director. “Search engines have become central in the quest for learning and knowledge in our society. The ability to skew (扭曲） the results in favor of hucksters (小贩）without telling consumers is a serious problem.” Ruskin said. By late Monday afternoon, three of the search engines had responded to The Associated Press inquiries about the complaint. Two, LookSmart and AltaVista, denied the charges. Microsoft spokesman Matt Pilla said MSN is delivering “compelling search results that people want.”The FTC had no comment about the complaint Monday. The complaint takes aim at the new business plans embraced by more search engines as they try to cash in on their pivotal(关键)role as Web guides and reverse a steady stream of losses. To boost revenue, search engines in the past year have been accepting payments from businesses interested in receiving a higher ranking in certain categories or ensuring that their sites are reviewed more frequently.51. The consumer group complained about（ ）.52.（ ）is the most popular activity online.53. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement?54. All the following share one similarity EXCEPT（ ）.55. The primary aim of some companies sponsoring the search engines is to（ ）.问题1选项A.special fees that Internet users were chargedB.Federal Trade CommissionC.Commercial AlertD.online search engines问题2选项A.Sending pages of informationB.Sending E-mailC.Surfing the netD.Selling the top spot问题3选项A.There are too many pages or hyperlinks on the Internet, so people usually use search engine to find a certain site.B.More than 8 search engines are accused of selling their search engine spots by Commercial Alert.C.The headquarters of Commercial Alert is in Portland Oregon.D.The search engines are Web guides.问题4选项A.LookSmartB.CMGIC.AltavistaD.Microsoft问题5选项A.cash in on their important role as Web guidesB.boost their avenueC.reverse a series of lossesD.have their sites visited by the internet users more【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】51.【试题答案】A【试题解析】事实细节题。根据问题中的complain一词定位到第一段第二行filed a complaint with the Federal Trade Commission, asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users asserting that many online search engines are concealing the impact special fees have on search results by Internet users.（向联邦贸易局投诉，许多在线搜索引擎都在隐瞒特别费用对互联网用户搜索结果的影响），可知这个机构是抱怨用户被收取了特殊费用费，所以只有A项“互联网用户收取的特殊费用”正确。B项“联邦贸易委员会”是申诉机构；C项“商业警报”根据第一段最后一句可知，这是一个消费者维权组织，故排除C；D项“在线搜索引擎”不够全