2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及模拟押密卷82（含答案解析）

2022年考博英语-广西大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Mary（ ）to see you. She（ ）for you downstairs at the moment.问题1选项A.has come; is waitingB.came; is waitingC.has come: waitedD.came; was waiting【答案】A【解析】句意:玛丽来看你了。此刻，她正在楼下等你。语法题。考查时态。后面句意表示 “她正在楼下等你”,因此,第一句应该用现在 ,表示“玛丽已经到这儿来看你”。2. 单选题He made up his mind to lost his weight by sticking to a diet no matter how the food（ ） him.问题1选项A.attractedB.appealedC.inducedD.tempted【答案】D【解析】句意:无论食物多么引诱他，他都已经下定决心通过节食减肥。考查动词辨析。attract吸引（人）；appeal上诉，通常后面接appeal to sb.; induce 引起；tempt 引诱（人），馋（人）。因此D符合句意。3. 单选题In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history, the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem. People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction.Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong.Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days. Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.1. What is the main purpose of this passage?2. According to the passage, the initial concern about computers was that they might（ ）.3. The passage recommends those dealing with computers to（ ）.4. The passage suggests that the present-day problem with regard to computers is（ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author would disapprove of（ ）.问题1选项A.To look back to the early days of computers.B.To explain what technical problems may occur with computers.C.To discourage unnecessary investment in computers.D.To warn against a mentally lazy attitude towards computers.问题2选项A.change our personal livesB.take control of the worldC.create unforeseen problemsD.affect our businesses问题3选项A.be reasonably doubtful about themB.check all their answersC.substitute them for basic thinkingD.use them for business purposes only问题4选项A.ChallengingB.psychologicalC.dramaticD.fundamental问题5选项A.investment in computersB.the use of ones internal computerC.double-check on computersD.complete dependence on computers for decision-making【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段谈及我们对电脑的依赖；第二段谈及当计算机遇到错误的时候，应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器。第三段提出应该坚持提出疑问，进行复核，并且警告电脑不能成为思考和推理的替代物。因此，D项“警告人们对电脑的心理懒惰态度”符合本文目的。2.细节事实题。第一句话指出: In what now seems like the prehistoric times of computer history,the earths postwar era, there was quite a wide-spread concern that computers would take over the world from man one day (现在看来似乎是计算机历史的史前吋期，即战后的年代里，人们普遍担忧有朝一日计算机会从人类手中夺过对世界的控制权)。因此B项“控制世界”正确。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: :.but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong (但是当人们觉得计算机确实出了一些问题的时候， 应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器),第三段指出: Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days (提出疑问，进行复核，这种好的作风必须像过去一样继续坚持下去)。因此作者认为，对待电脑，应该依赖也不能盲目质疑。故选A项合理地怀疑电脑。4.细节事实题。第一段第三句指出: People tend to be over-trusting of computers and are reluctant to challenge their authority. Indeed, they behave as if they were hardly aware that wrong buttons may be pushed, or that a computer may simply malfunction (人们往往过分信赖计算机，也不愿意挑战它的权威性。他们似乎并 不知道也可能会按错键，或者计算机也可能有运行错误), 第二段第一句指出: .but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine when they have the feeling that something has gone wrong (但是当人们觉得计算机确实出了一些问题的时候，应该靠自己内部的“计算机”来检查机器)。因此，此处暗示，当前的问题是人们对计算机心理上过分依赖。故B项“心理的”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: Questioning and routine double-checks must continue to be as much a part of good business as they were in pre-computer days (提出疑问，进行复核，这种好的作风必须像过去一样继续坚持下去)，以及: Maybe each computer should come with the warning: for all the help this computer may provide, it should not be seen as a substitute for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills (也许，每台电脑都应该有个警告:尽管计算机可以提供那么多的帮助，它却不应该被看作是基本的思维和推理技巧的替代物)。因此，四个选项中，作者可能不会赞成D项 “完全依赖于电脑”。4. 单选题The elderly Russians find it hard to live on their state（ ）.问题1选项A.pensionsB.earningsC.salariesD.donations【答案】A【解析】句意:老年俄罗斯公民发现，依靠国家的养老金生活很艰难。考查名词辨析。pension 养老金；earning 收益；工资；salary 薪水；donation捐赠；捐款。因此A项正确。5. 单选题Professor Taylors talk has indicated that science has a very strong（ ）on the everyday life of non-scientists as well as scientists.问题1选项A.motivationB.perspectiveC.impressionD.impact【答案】D【解析】句意:泰勒教授的报告表明，科学已经对非科学家和科学家的日常生活产生了强大的影响。考查固定搭配。have impact on sth. 对产生影响。6. 单选题Once（ ）, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villages with electricity.问题1选项A.it being completedB.completedC.completedD.it completes【答案】C【解析】句意:这座电站一建成竣工，就将向周围城乡供电。语法题。考查非谓语动词。逗号后面句子已经完整，因此逗号前面是动词的非谓语形式。整个句子主语是“this power station”，因此其与待选的动词之间是被动关系。当once是做副词吋，后面接过去分词表被动， 且因主语一致则省略主语，once后应该为“completed”。7. 单选题To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling. Not too many years age, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible. Such production and selling focuses on the needs of the seller to produce goods and then convert them into money.Marketing, on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them. This eye-on-the-consumer approach is known as the marketing concept, which simply means that instead of trying to sell whatever is easiest to produce or buy for resale, the makers and dealers first try to find out what the consumer wants to buy and then go about making it according to consumer demand.This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity - the firm and the customer. Each must be satisfied before trade occurs. Successful merchants and producers, however, recognize that the surest route to profit is through understanding customers. This concept has been recognized in such slogans as Have It Your Way and Youre the Boss. A good example of the importance of satisfying the consumer presented itself in mid 1985, when Coca Cola changed the flavor of its drink. The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King customer ruled!1. A good knowledge of the difference between marketing and selling leads to（ ）.2. Not too long ago, industries focused on（ ）.3. The very core of marketing lies in（ ）.4. A successful business deal can take place only when（ ）.5. The last sentence of the passage suggests that（ ）.问题1选项A.the efficient production of goodsB.a perfect command of salesmanshipC.a basic command of the marketing conceptD.the conversion of goods into money问题2选项A.producing and selling goodsB.the needs and wants of customersC.the selling of new productsD.moving goods to the market问题3选项A.all understanding of consumer needsB.the efficient movement of goodsC.developing new wants for consumer goodsD.making goods readily available to customers问题4选项A.the customer is satisfied at the expense of the companyB.a company makes a big profitC.consumer satisfaction and company profit are given equal importanceD.priority is given to the requirements of the customer问题5选项A.the consumer should be allowed to do things his own wayB.the consumer should be treated like a kingC.the consumer should have the final say in the selling of any productD.the consumer should be advised on what to buy【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干关键词the difference between marketing and selling定位至第一段:To understand the marketing concept, it is only necessary to understand the difference between marketing and selling (要了解营销概念，只有必要区分营销和销售的不同)，由此可知C项“营销概念的基本掌握”正确。2.判断推理题。根据题干关键词Not too long ago定位至第二段: Not too many years age, most industries concentrated primarily on the efficient production of goods, and then relied on persuasive salesmanship to move as much of these goods as possible (几年前，大多数行业主要集中在高效生产的商品，然后依靠 “有说服力的推销方式”来尽可能多的销售这些产品)，也就是不久前，行业集中于高效生产商品和销售商品，故选A项“生产和销售产品”。3.细节事实题。第二段指出: Marketing，on the other hand, focuses on the wants of consumers. It begins with first analyzing the preferences and demands of consumers and then producing goods that will satisfy them (另一方面，市场营销也需要着重于消费者的需求。它开始于首先分析消 费者的喜好和需求之后，然后生产产品，满足他们)。因此,A项“完全理解顾客的需求”正确。4.细节事实题。第三段指出: This concept does not imply that consumer satisfaction is given priority over profit in a company. There are always two sides to every business activity - the firm and the customer. Each must be satisfied before trade occurs (这个概念并不意味着满足顾客得优先于公司利润。每次的交易都有 正反两面，也就是在交易前必须满足公司和消费者各自的需求)，因此，选C项“顾客满足和公司利润都同等重要”。5.判断推理题。文章最后一句为: The non-acceptance of the new flavor by a significant portion of the public brought about a prompt restoration of the Classic Coke, which was then marketed alongside the new King customer ruled (公众大部分比例对新口味的不接受使得可口可乐公司快速地恢复原先的口味。然后以消费者至上的规则销售)。因此不难推测四个选项中，B项 “对待顾客就应该像国王一样”正确。8. 单选题The person who（ ）this type of research deserves our praise.问题1选项A.originatedB.manufacturedC.generatedD.estimated【答案】A【解析】句意:发起这类研究的人值得夸奖。考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。originate 创立；开创；发明；manufacture制造，生产；加工；generate引起；产生；estimate估计；预测；评价。因此A项符合句意。9. 单选题You forgot your keys when you left home in the morning.Good heavens,（ ）.问题1选项A.so did I.B.so I did.C.so you did.D.so did you.【答案】B【解析】句意:早上，你离开家的吋候，忘记拿钥匙了。天啦，是的！语法题。考查省略。第一句的you和第二句的I是同一个人。根据句意关系， 后句是表示同意上文陈述的内容，而第一句主句的动词是forgot （过去时），因此“sol did”表示“确实”，符合句意和结构，助动词需与前文保持时态一致。因此B项正确。10. 单选题It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints （约束）influence wage increases. One thing, however, is certain: your chances of getting the raise you feel you deserve are less if you dont at least ask for it. Men tend to ask for more, and they get more, and this holds true with other resources, not just pay increases. Consider Beths story:I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it. We had cubicle （小隔间）offices and window offices. I sat in the cubicles with several male colleagues. One by one they were moved into window offices, while I remained in the cubicles. Several males who were hired after me also went to offices. One in particular told me he was next in line for an office and that it had been part of his negotiations for the job. I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way.It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but nice isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it.Performance is your best bargaining chip（筹码）when you are seeking a raise. You must be able to demonstrate that you deserve a raise. Timing is also a good bargaining chip. If you can give your boss something he or she needs （a new client or a sizable contract, for example） just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want.Use information as a bargaining chip too. Find out what you are worth on the open market. What will someone else pay for your services?Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction.1. According to the passage, before taking a job, a person should（ ）.2. What can be inferred from Beths story?3. We can learn from the passage that（ ）.4. To get a pay raise, a person on should（ ）.5. To be successful in negotiations, one must（ ）.问题1选项A.demonstrate his capabilityB.give his boss a good impressionC.ask for as much money as he canD.ask for the salary he hopes to get问题2选项A.Prejudice against women still exists in some organizations.B.If people want what they deserve they have to ask for it.C.People should not be content with what they have got.D.People should be careful when negotiating for a job.问题3选项A.unfairness exists in salary increasesB.most people are overworked and underpaidC.one should avoid overstating ones performanceD.most organizations give their staff automatic pay raises问题4选项A.advertise himself on the job marketB.persuade his boss to sign a long-term contractC.try to get inside information about the organizationD.do something to impress his boss just before merit pay decisions问题5选项A.meet his boss at the appropriate timeB.arrive at the negotiation table punctuallyC.be good at influencing the outcome of the interactionD.be familiar with what the boss likes and dislikes【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干关键词before taking a job 定位至第一句话: It is easier to negotiate initial salary requirement because once you are inside, the organizational constraints influence wage increases (协商起薪更为容易，因为你一旦进入了公司，公司的制度限制就会影响工资增长)。也就是，若担心入职后工资增长受限，入职前则尽量要求多的薪水2.判断推理题。第二段讲述了关于Beth的经历: I did not get what I wanted when I did not ask for it (当我没有要求时，我没有得到我想要的)。I guess they thought me content to stay in the cubicles since I did not voice my opinion either way (我认为，他们觉得我满意目前的状况，因为我没有说出我的意见)。由此可知，如果你想得到你本应得的薪酬和待遇，你就应当主动去争取或说出自己的想法。因此选B项“如果人们想要得到他们理应得到的，就必须提出要求”。3.判断推理题。通过选项可以定位至第三段: It would be nice if we all received automatic pay increases equal to our merit, but nice isnt a quality attributed to most organizations. If you feel you deserve a significant raise in pay, youll probably have to ask for it (如果我们都能够自动获得与价值相当的加薪，这将是多么美好的事，但是，美好对于多数公司来说并不是必备特质。如果你觉得应获大幅度的加薪，那么，你最好是提出来)。因此，A项“在工资增长问题上存在不公之处”正确。4.判断推理题。第四段指出:表现是加薪的最好筹码，而且时机也很重要。并且加以举例说明:If you can give your boss something he or she needs (a new client or a sizable contract, for example) just before merit pay decisions are being made, you are more likely to get the raise you want (如果你能向老板提供他/她所需要的东西(比如一个新客户，或者是一个可观的合同)，那么，你就更有可能得到想要的加薪)。因此D项“在绩效工资决定之前，做一些让老板留下深刻印象的事”正确。5.判断推理题。最后一段指出: Go into the negotiations prepared to place your chips on the table at the appropriate time and prepared to use communication style to guide the direction of the interaction (带上这个筹码，在合适的时机去谈判吧！并通过使用谈判技巧来引导相互作用的方向)。因此，此处是指谈判的合适时机，并未说具体的见面时间。因此排除A项和B项。D选项“熟悉老板的好恶”在文中并未提及。而且，C项“善于影响交流互动的结果”相当于“to guide the direction of the interaction”，故选C。11. 单选题Why docs a vegetarian restaurant make its dishes resemble meat in every way except （ ）?问题1选项A.ingredientsB.elementsC.componentsD.compounds【答案】A【解析】句意:为什么素食餐馆使其食物除了成分外，其他都像肉类呢？考查名词辨析。ingredient（食物等的）成分； element 因素；component （机器等的）元件、部件；compound （化学等的）合成物。因此A符合句意。12. 问答题Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word, or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided on the Answer Sheet. If you change a word underline it and -write the correct word in the corresponding Blank. If you odd a word, put an insertion mark, (/) in the right place anti write the missing word in blank. If you add a word, underline it and put a slash (/) in the blank.【答案】1.other another2.shopping shop3.or and4.at on5.to /6.are were7.makes making8.without away9.mean means10.discourage encourage【解析】1.固定搭配。One another 互相。2.词性误用。此句中由and并列连接不定式动词短语，因此，将shopping改为动词原形shop。3.连词误用。并列连词or表示选择 “或者”，and表示 “然后，接着”。因此这里应该用and。4.固定搭配。be mad on 对着迷。5.固定搭配。Make sb. do sth.使某人做某事。6.语法题。这是由supposing (that)引导条件句，整句话是过去时态， 因此，that从句中的谓语动词“arent”应该改为“were not”。7.语法题。句子已经有谓语动词was，因此动词make得变成非谓语动词。另外，make与逻辑主语company之间是主动关系。而且，根据并列连词and后面的非谓语形式 “making”可知，此处要将makes改为making。8.固定搭配。该处句意为:假设只有一个商店，你得买它所提供的东 西，根据它的要求付钱，或者离开。你没有真正的选择。Go away表示“走开，离开”，因此将without改为away。9.语法题。考查主谓一致。该句主语是不可数名词“competition(竞争)”。因此谓语动词应该用三单形式。10.动词误用。前面句意为: 供应商之间的竞争意味着消费者可以获得更好的 交易；消费者的选择是影响产品的重要手段。因此此处应该表示的是“消费者鼓励竞争”。13. 单选题Mary once（ ）with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】句意:玛丽曾经和另一个音乐家共同创作了一首流行曲。考查动词辨析。merge结合，融入；collaborate合作，协作；coincide 符合，一致;constitute 构成，组成。因此B项符合句意。14. 翻译题1.外国朋友来南宁都喜欢买诸如绣球、壮锦之类的东西作为纪念品，因为这些都很有壮族特色。2.中国亿万富翁企业家马云近日透露了自己的成功秘诀，其中之一即公司要想成功就要多聘请女性员工。3. Climb does not claim to nurture billionaires, nor to care much about any of the intangible benefits of education.4. Seagull attacks are a big problem in coastal settlements, where about a tenth of Britons live.5. In 2012 the Health and Social Care Act created a legal responsibility for the government to give the same priority to mental health as it gives to physical health.【答案】1. Foreign friends like to buy things like Hydrangea and Zhuang brocade as souvenirs when they come to Nanning, because they all have characteristics with Zhuang nationality.2.Ma Yun, a Chinese billionaire entrepreneur, recently revealed his secret of success: if the company wants to succeed, it must hire more female employees.3.Climb并没有宣称要培养亿万富翁，也没有太关心教育带来的无形好处。4.海鸥袭击是沿海定居点的一个大问题，大约十分之一的英国人居住在那里。5.2012年，健康和社会护理法规定，政府有法律责任将精神健康与身体健康视为同等重要的事情。15. 单选题Many novels that attempt to mirror the world are really（ ）of the reality that they represent.问题1选项A.reflectionsB.demonstrationsC.illuminationsD.reproductions【答案】A【解析】句意:许多旨在反映社会生活的小说本身就是所描述现实的写照。考查名词辨析。reflection反映，表现；demonstration表明，证明； illumination 照明，启发，阐明;reproduction意为再现,复制。因此A符合句意。16. 单选题He said it was important that every member（ ）his subscription by the end of the month.问题1选项A.sendsB.endC.sentD.had sent【答案】B【解析】句意:他说，重要的是每个会员都要在月底前提交注册资料。考查常用句型。在 it is important that引导的句型中，后面的从句谓语动词应该用should (可省略)+动词原形。17. 单选题He（ ）that he was an accomplice in the robbery happened 15 years ago.问题1选项A.knowledgeB.admittedC.confessedD.granted【答案】C【解析】句意:他坦白，15年前发生的一起抢劫案，他是共犯。考查动词辨析。knowledge 承认（属实）；鸣谢；admit （常指勉强）承认原来企图否认或推诿的事情；confess 侧重指供认、坦白或承认自己过错；grant（尤指正式地或法律上）同意；向某人承认某种情况是事实。因此C项符合句意。18. 单选题The three climbers can employ a guide to（ ）them on their way up the mountain.问题1选项A.guideB.conductC.leadD.direct【答案】C【解析】句意:那三个登山者可以在爬山的路上雇一个向导带领他们上山。考查动词辨析。guide 带领，陪同到目的地； conduct 引导，组织安排；lead 带路，引领;direct 把对准，指路。因此C符合句意。19. 单选题The company has capitalized（ ）the error of judgment made by its business competitor问题1选项A.inB.overC.withD.o