2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解12

2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Its a pity that we should stay at home when we have（ ）weather .问题1选项A.so fineB.such fineC.such a fineD.so fine a【答案】B【解析】考查so与such的用法。weather 是不可数名词，such + adj. + 不可数名词，所以选项B符合题意。 Normal 0 7.8 磅 0 2 false false false EN-US ZH-CN X-NONE 2. 单选题I feel rather at a（ ） talking to her, because she is so clever.问题1选项A.defectB.faultC.disadvantageD.mistake【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。defect“缺点，缺陷”；fault“错误，缺点，毛病”；disadvantage“缺点，不利条件，损失”；mistake “错误，误会，过失”。句意：我感觉跟她谈话不占优势，因为她太聪明了。选项C符合题意。3. 单选题Digging the foundation is the first （ ）of our building project.问题1选项A.processionB.solutionC.phaseD.achievement【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。procession “行列；游行”；solution “解决”；phase “阶段”；achievement “成就；成绩”。句意：我们工程的第一个阶段是挖地基。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Hundreds of people （ ）on the playground for watching the Dragon Lantern show.问题1选项A.contrivedB.conformedC.conferredD.converged【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。contrive “发明，设计”；conform “符合，遵照”；confer “授予，给予”；converge “聚集”。句意：数百人聚集在广场上看龙灯表演。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题（ ） asleep, the injured was really awake and listening.问题1选项A.Although pretending to beB.BeingC.To beD.While【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。空格处所在句子后半句句意：这个伤员清醒并且在认真听着。可知空格处应该是表示假装睡着，选项A符合题意。6. 单选题One of the requirements for a fire is that the material（ ）to its burning temperature.问题1选项A.be heatedB.is heatedC.would heatedD.to heated【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。requirement为主语，所以后面应该使用虚拟语气，后面的动词形式是should do，表示 “要求 ，其中should是可以省略的。Material与heat之间应该是被动语态，所以应该是should be heated，其中should可以省略，所以选项A符合题意。7. 单选题I work as an office assistant in a small but growing garden equipment manufacturing company in California. A few months ago,my boss gave me the job of writing some sales letters which would be sent to the existing customers of our company. The objective was to get some of our existing customers to purchase a new product that our company had just launched.Now, I had never written sales letters before in my life and had no idea of how to write even the first word. And even if I ended up writing a few lines,because I was so inexperienced, chances were that the sales letters and business letters, would bomb completely and would hardly generate any sales for our company. So, in order to learn how to create more effective sales letter I went to the Internet and looked up a few sites which were selling samples, templates and examples of sales letters that claimed would “increase sales by 10 000%”. Because they werent too expensive, I bought 2 such packages.Big mistake. I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! So I searched some more, and came across a site belonging to a person living in Maryland called Yanik Silver. He too was selling some templates and samples of sales letters and business letters. After having been duped with 2 such packages, I was naturally suspicious. I read through his site and found that he was offering a money back guarantee. While that made me feel a bit more comfortable, I first had to determine whether this person would be around to honor the guarantee should I want to return the package. So I sent an email to him (just to test whether he replies to customers，emails) and I got a reply from him within 4 hours. I also saw a comment in his site by one of his customers who had actually got a refund from him as soon as he had asked for the refund.Feeling more comfortable, I decided to go ahead and buy the package that he was selling. Well, I was blown away! The samples, examples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in his package were precisely the ones that I was looking for. And they were far, far better than any of the templates included in the 2 other packages I had bought. I quickly customized one of the sales letter templates to fit my needs, had it approved by my boss, and sent them over to our customers. Within 2 weeks from the time that I sent out the letter, about 36% of the customers who received the letter ended up buying our new product. You could say that my boss was impressed with what I had done!Since then, I have written quite a few sales letters for our company (simply by customizing the templates included in Yanks package) and all of them have generated excellent sales for us. So, if you want to learn how to write sales letters that get the sale, I highly recommend Yaniks package.1.The purpose of the letters the author was asked to write was to（ ） .2.The sample letters and templates were so bad that （ ）3.Yanik Silver promises that （ ）4.To “customize” (the fourth paragraph) something means to “ （ ）5.This passage is most probably used for（ ） .问题1选项A.convey information about his company to new customersB.promote a new product to regular customersC.increase the sales of a new product among regular customersD.explain the strengths of a new product to existing customers问题2选项A.customers complained about their content and formatsB.the author felt that he could have written better onesC.customers ended up by refusing to give any replyD.they annoyed the customers and the boss, too问题3选项A.he will reply within 4 hours when he receives an email from a customerB.a customer will be refunded if his samples and templates do not workC.he will go over to customers to see what letters suit their situation betterD.he will pay the postage if the samples and templates are returned in a parcel问题4选项A.order it and have it delivered overB.change it and make it attractiveC.modify it to suit ones purposeD.purchase it on regular basis问题5选项A.promotionB.instructionC.guidanceD.introduction【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:B第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段最后一句话The objective was to get some of our existing customersto purchase a new product that our company had just launched，从这句话可知作者被要求写销售函件的目的是为了向他们现有的顾客推销他们公司的新产品，所以选项B符合题意。2.文章第三段提到I found that the samples and templates of the sales letters and business letters included in them looked so cheap that there was no way. I was going to send them to our customers. Even I would have done a better job of writing sales letters! 作者在网上买的两页销售信件模板实在太差，他自己都可以写得比这个好。选项B符合题意。3.文章第三段提到 Yanik Silver将会offering a money back guarantee （不满意退费），选项B符合题意。4.文章第四段提到作者对Yanik Silver提供的模板很满意。I quickly customizedone of the sales letter templates to fit my needs “我很快便找到了适合我需要的模板”，之后得到了老板的认可。由此可知，作者在原来的模板上进行了修改。选项C符合题意。5.文章是作者亲身经历，他向读者介绍了网上一个不错的销售信件模板。他是偶然在网上发现Yanik Silver这个网址，所以不能说是promotion (推销)，单纯地介绍了这个网址，所以选项D符合题意。instruction “指示，命令”；guidance “指导，引导”。8. 单选题If you are always sitting up at night, Im afraid you may （ ）from overwork soon.问题1选项A.fallB.descendC.sickenD.collapse【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “落下；降落”；descend “下降；下来”；sicken “生病”；collapse “倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。9. 单选题Who won the World Cup 2002 football game? What happened at the United Nations? How did the critics like the new play? （1）an event takes place; newspapers are on the streets（2）the details. Wherever anything happens in the world, reporters are on the spot to（3） the news.Newspapers have one basic（4）, to get the news as quickly as possible from its source, from those who make it to those who want to（5） it. Radio, telegraph, television, the Internet and（6）inventions brought competition for newspapers. So did the development of magazines and other means of communication （7）, this competition merely spurred the newspapers on. They quickly made use of the newer and faster means of communication to improve the（8）and thus the efficiency of their own operations. Today more newspapers are（9）and read than ever before. Competition also led newspapers to branch out into many other fields. Besides keeping readers（10）of the latest news, todays newspapers（11）and influence readers about politics and other important and serious matters. Newspapers influence readers economic choices （12）advertising. Most newspapers depend on advertising for their very（13）Newspapers are sold at a price that（14） to cover even a small fraction of the cost of production. The main（15）of income for most newspapers is commercial advertising. The（16） in selling advertising depends on a newspapers value to advertisers. This（17）in terms of circulation. How many people read the newspaper? Circulation depends（18）on the work of the circulation department and on the services or entertainment（19）in a newspapers pages. But for the most part, circulation depends on a newspapers value to readers as a source of information（20）the community, city, country, slate, nation, and worldand even outer space.问题1选项A.Just whenB.WhileC.Soon afterD.Before问题2选项A.to giveB.givingC.givenD.being given问题3选项A.gatherB.spreadC.carryD.bring问题4选项A.reasonB.causeC.problemD.purpose问题5选项A.makeB.publishC.knowD.write问题6选项A.anotherB.otherC.one anotherD.the other问题7选项A.HoweverB.AndC.ThereforeD.So问题8选项A.valueB.ratioC.rateD.speed问题9选项A.spreadB.passedC.printedD.completed问题10选项A.informB.be informedC.to be informedD.informed问题11选项A.entertainB.encourageC.educateD.edit问题12选项A.onB.throughC.withD.of问题13选项A.formsB.existenceC.contentsD.purpose问题14选项A.triesB.managesC.failsD.succeeds问题15选项A.sourceB.originC.courseD.finance问题16选项A.wayB.meansC.chanceD.success问题17选项A.measuresB.measuredC.is measuredD.was measured问题18选项A.somewhatB.littleC.muchD.something问题19选项A.offeringB.offeredC.which offeredD.to be offered问题20选项A.byB.withC.atD.about【答案】第1题:A第2题:A第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:C第10题:D第11题:C第12题:B第13题:B第14题:C第15题:A第16题:D第17题:C第18题:A第19题:B第20题:D【解析】（1）考查副词的用法。空格处所在句子的句意是：当一个事件刚发生的时候，报纸就会在街头进行转播事件的细节。空格处填写的单词或短语是用来形容事件一发生，就被报道了，just 在这里是副词，意思是“刚刚”，符合题意。选项A符合题意。（2）考查不定式的用法。to give 来表目的，意思是来到街上的目的是为了报道事件的细节。选项A符合题意。（3）考查动词词义辨析。gather“收集”，spread“传播”，carry“携带”，bring“带来”。空格处所在的句子的句意：无论世界上哪里有事件，记者都会在现场收集新闻。选项A符合题意。（4）考查名词词义辨析。reason“理由”,cause“原因”， problem“问题”，purpose“目的”。空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项D符合题意。（5）考查动词词义辨析。 空格处所在的句子的句意是：报纸有一个基本的目的，就是尽快从它的来源处获得新闻，并且将新闻从来源处传播给那些想要了解它的人。选项C符合题意。（6）考查 other 与 another的用法。空格处所在句子的意思是：广播、电视、电报和因特网以及其他发明为报纸带来了竞争。another指泛指三个或以上的其他事物；other 泛指别的人或物，所以other 符合题意。选项B符合题意。（7）考查连词的用法。空格的前后可以看出是一个转折关系，所以选项A符合题意。（8）考查名词词义辨析。空格处后面半句话的意思是提高自身运作的效率，可以判断出前文是提高速度，选项D符合题意。（9）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在更多的报纸被印刷并被人阅读，选项C符合题意。（10）考查固定搭配。keep sb informed of 保持对知情。选项D符合题意。（11）考查动词词义辨析。entertain“娱乐，取悦”，encourage“鼓励”，educate“教育”，edit“编辑”。空格处所在句子的句意是：现在的报纸在政治或者其它重要并且严肃的问题上教育并且影响着读者。选项C符合题意。（12）考查介词词义辨析。influence through“通过.影响”，influence with“对有影响”，influence on“对影响”，influence of “某种影响”。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸通过广告影响读者的经济选择。选项B符合题意。（13）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的生存都是依靠广告。选项B符合题意。（14）考查动词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售的价格甚至不够支付生产成本的一小部分。选项C符合题意。（15）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：大多数报纸的主要收入来源是商业广告。选项A符合题意。（16）考查名词词义辨析。空格处所在句子的句意是：报纸出售广告能否成功取决于报纸对于广告商的价值。success in “在的成功”。选项D符合题意。（17）考查固定搭配。be measured in terms of “以为标准衡量”。选项C符合题意。（18）考查副词词义辨析。somewhat“多少有点”，little“几乎没有”，much“很大程度”，something “有点，大约”。这句讲的是报纸的流通受哪些因素制约，文章最后一句提到最重要的因素（for the most part），可以知道这里的因素不是最重要的。选项A符合题意。（19）考查非谓语动词。空格处所填的词与前面的service 和 entertainment 是被动关系，选项B符合题意。（20）考查介词词义辨析。information about “关于的信息”。选项D符合题意。10. 单选题（ ） in India, the banana was brought to the Americas by the Portuguese who found it in Africa.问题1选项A.Originally cultivatedB.Originally being cultivatedC.Having originally cultivatedD.Although it originally cultivated【答案】A【解析】考查过去分词的用法。句子的主语时 the banana，从四个选项可知 cultivate 是一个关键词，其与 the banana的关系是被动关系，所以应该用被动语态，选项C与D可以排除。主句中用的时态是 was 过去时，因此可以排除选项B。选项A符合题意。11. 单选题Tight shoes（ ） my feet.问题1选项A.irritateB.smartC.acheD.bruise【答案】D【解析】考查词义辨析。Irritate “激怒；使兴奋”，动词；smart “聪明的”，形容词；ache “疼痛”，名词；bruise “擦伤”，名词或者动词。句意：这双鞋子太紧了，把我的脚给擦伤了。选项D符合题意。12. 单选题Hill slopes were cleared of forests to make way for crops, which now only （ ）the crisis.问题1选项A.acceleratesB.prevailsC.ascendsD.precedes【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。Accelerate “加速，促进”；prevail “流行，占上风”；ascend “上升”；precede “领先”。根据句意“山坡上的树木因为要种庄稼而被砍伐”，因而加速了这个危机。选项A符合题意。13. 单选题（ ） her interest in children, teaching should be the right career for her.问题1选项A.GivingB.GiveC.GivenD.To give【答案】C【解析】考查given的特殊语法。given 充当介词，意思是“考虑到”。句意：考虑到她对孩子的兴趣，教学工作应该是她正确的职业。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题Having a(n)（ ） attitude towards people with different ideas is an indication that one has been well educated.问题1选项A.tolerantB.analyticalC.bearableD.elastic【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。tolerant “宽容的，容忍的”；analytical “分析的，解析的”；bearable “可忍受的，支持得住的”；elastic “有弹性的，灵活的，易伸缩的”。根据句意“_对待持有不同观点人是一种受过良好教育的表现”，C选项的bearable是被迫容忍，tolerant是主动容忍，显然，选项A符合题意。15. 单选题Much of the language used to describe mometary policy, such as“steering the economy to a soft landing”or “a touch on the brakes”, makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth. The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain. And there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy. Hence there is an analogy that likens the conduct of mometary policy to driving a car with a blackened windscreen, a cracked rear-view mirror and a faulty steering wheel.Given all these disadvantages, central bankers seem to have had much to boast about of late. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. This is a long way below the double-digit rates which many countries experienced in the 1980s and early 1990s.It is also less than most forecasters had predicted. In late 2003 the panel of economists which The Economists polls each month said that Americas inflation rate would average 3.5% in 2004. In fact, it fell to 2.6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year. This is no flash in the pan, over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially Americas，have little productive slack. Americas capacity utilisation, for example, hit historically high levels earlier this year, and its jobless rate (5.6% in August) has fallen below most estimates of the natural rate of unemployment-the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past.Why has inflation proved so mild? The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little, defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.1.According to the text, making monetary policy changes（ ）.2.From the passage we learn that（ ）.3.The passage suggests that（ ）.4.By saying This is no flash in the pan (in Paragraph 3) the author implies that（ ）.5.How does the author feel about the present situation?问题1选项A.is comparable to driving a carB.is similar to carrying out scientific workC.will not influence the economy immediatelyD.will have an immediate impact on the inflation rates问题2选项A.there is a clear relationship between inflation and interest ratesB.the economy always follows particular trendsC.the current economic problems are entirely predictableD.the present economic situation is better than expected问题3选项A.the previous economic models are still applicable.B.an extremely low jobless rate will lead to inflation.C.a high unemployment rate will result from inflation.D.interest rates have an immediate effect on the economy.问题4选项A.the low inflation rate will continueB.the inflation rate will rise againC.inflation will disappear entirelyD.there is no inflation at present问题5选项A.Tolerant.B.Indifferent.C.Disappointed.D.Surprised.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段提到政策对经济的影响是需要很长一段时间的（and there are long, variable lags before policy changes have any effect on the economy），选项C的描述与之相符，所以符合题意。2.文章第一段提到利率与通货膨胀的关系并不明确（The link between interest rates and inflation is uncertain）所以选项A排除；文章提到近年来的经济状况出乎人们的预期，与预测的不一样，所以选项B和C不符合。所以选项D符合题意。3.文章第四段最后一句话the rate below which inflation has taken off in the past提到过去认为失业率低于正常失业率时候，通货膨胀会上升，选项B符合题意。4.This is no flash in the pan 指的是“这不是昙花一现”。文章第三段提到了美国、英国、日本在2004年的低通货膨胀率后指出，事实上，在过往的几年中，这些国家的通货膨胀率一直低于预测（It is also less than most forecasters had predicted）。选项A符合题意。5.文章多次表示现在的经济状况好得出乎人们的预料，所以选项D符合题意。16. 单选题Evidence came up（ ） specific sounds are recognized by babies as young as six months old.问题1选项A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whose【答案】B【解析】考查同位语从句。通过分析句子可知，后面 specific sounds are recognized是对前面的evidence的解释说明，是同位语，并且是个完整的句子，所以此处用that来引导这个同位语从句。选项B符合题意。17. 单选题One cannot be really happy if（ ） he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.问题1选项A.thatB.howC.whatD.where【答案】C【解析】考查从句连接词的用法。句意：一个人如果喜欢做的事被社会认为没有价值而被忽略的话，他不会真的快乐。分析句子可知空格处要填入一个引导主语从句的连词，选项C符合题意。18. 单选题The great use of school education is not so much to teach you things（ ）to teach you the art of learning.问题1选项A.thanB.rather thanC.norD.as【答案】D【解析】考查固定用法。Not so muchas 表示“不是 而是 ”。句意：学校教育的重大作用不是教给你什么而是教给你学习的方法。选项D符合题意。19. 单选题For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine (尿).After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.The best evidence to date concerns folate （叶酸）,one of the B vitamins. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos （胚胎）,and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical