2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷11

2022年考博英语-吉林大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Knowing that he had been admitted to Cambridge University, he was too excited to be（ ） on the phone.问题1选项A.coincidentalB.identicalC.sameD.coherent【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。coincidental “巧合的，一致的”；identical “相同的，同一的”；same “相同的”；coherent “连贯的”。句意：得知被剑桥大学录取，他太过于激动以至于在电话中话都说不连贯。选项D符合题意。2. 单选题All the parts of this model of automobile are（ ） , so that you can easily replace them everywhere.问题1选项A.modernizedB.standardizedC.mechanizedD.normalized【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。modernize “使现代化”；standardize “使标准化；用标准检验”；mechanize“使机械化”；normalize “使变得正常”。句意：这种型号的汽车的所有部件都是标准化的，所以你可以很容易到处更换。选项B符合题意。3. 单选题For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine (尿).After all, true vitamin deficiencies are practically unheard of in industrialized countries. Now it seems that those doctors may have been wrong. The results of a growing number of studies suggest that even a modest vitamin shortfall can be harmful to your health. Although proof of the benefits of multivitamins is still far from certain, the few dollars you spend on them is probably a good investment.Or at least thats the argument put forward in the New England Journal of Medicine. Ideally, said Dr. Walter Willett and Dr. Meir Stampfer of Harvard, all vitamin supplements would be evaluated in scientifically rigorous clinical trials. But those studies can take a long time and often raise more questions than they answer. At some point, while researchers work on figuring out where the truth lies, it just makes sense to say the potential benefit outweighs the cost.The best evidence to date concerns folate （叶酸）,one of the B vitamins. Its been proved to limit the number of defects in embryos （胚胎）,and a recent trial found that folate in combination with vitamin B12 and a form of B6 also decreases the re-blockage of arteries after surgical repair.The news on vitamin E has been more mixed. Healthy folks who take 400 international units daily for at least two years appear somewhat less likely to develop heart disease. But when doctors give vitamin E to patients who already have heart disease, the vitamin doesnt seem to help. It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage.Despite vitamin Cs great popularity, consuming large amounts of it still has not been positively linked to any great benefit. The body quickly becomes saturated with C and simply excretes （排泄）any excess.The multivitamins question boils down to this： Do you need to wait until all the evidence is in before you take them, or are you willing to accept that theres enough evidence that they dont hurt and could help?If the latter, theres no need to go to extremes and buy the biggest horse pills or the most expensive bottles. Large doses can cause trouble, including excessive bleeding and nervous system problems.Multivitamins are no substitute for exercise and a balanced diet, of course. As long as you understand that any potential benefit is modest and subject to further refinement, taking a daily multivitamin makes a lot of sense.1.At one time doctors discouraged taking multivitamins because they believed that multivitamins2.According to the author, clinical trials of vitamin supplements （ ）3.It has been found that vitamin E（ ） .4.It can be seen that large doses of multivitamins （ ）.5.The author concludes the passage with the advice that（ ） .问题1选项A.could not easily be absorbed by the human bodyB.were potentially harmful to peoples healthC.were too expensive for daily consumptionD.could not provide any cure for vitamin deficiencies问题2选项A.often result in misleading conclusionsB.take time and will not produce conclusive resultsC.should be conducted by scientists on a larger scaleD.appear to be a sheer waste of time and resources问题3选项A.should be taken by patients regularly and persistentlyB.can effectively reduce the recurrence of heart diseaseC.has a preventive but not curative effect on heart diseaseD.should be given to patients with heart disease as early as possible问题4选项A.may bring about serious side effectsB.may help prevent excessive bleedingC.are likely to induce the blockage of arteriesD.are advisable for those with vitamin deficiencies问题5选项A.the benefit of daily multivitamin intake outweighs that of exercise and a balanced dietB.its risky to take multivitamins without knowing their specific functionC.the potential benefit of multivitamins can never be overestimatedD.its reasonable to take a rational dose of multivitamins daily【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:C第4题:A第5题:D【解析】1.文章开篇第一句话For years, doctors advised their patients that the only thing taking multivitamins does is give them extensive urine. 很多年来，医生告诫他们的病人服用复合维生素只会导致他们多尿。由此可知，对于医生来说，维生素很难被吸收，都会通过尿液排出。选项A符合题意。2.文章第二段第二句话提到所有的维他命供应都会在实验的基础上进行科学的评估。接下来第三句话“但是这些研究需要花费大量时间，并且会提出更多的问题”。选项B符合题意。3.文章第四段“It may turn out that vitamin E plays a role in prevention but cannot undo serious damage ”（维他命E被证明可以预防但是对已经严重的病没有效果。）选项C符合题意。4.文章倒数第二段最后一句话提到吃过量的维他命会造成一些问题，比如血流不止和神经系统方面的问题。选项A中的serious side effects 与这些信息对应，所以选项A符合题意。5.文章最后一段提到人们对于维生素应该采取的态度：潜在的好处都不会太大，但是会带来长久的好处，平时服用维生素对身体是很有好处的。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题The committee is （ ）a decision from the headquarters before it takes any action.问题1选项A.waitingB.awaiting forC.awaitingD.anticipating【答案】C【解析】考查动词和动词词组辨析。wait “等候”；await for这个词组不常见；await “等候”；anticipate “预期；期望”。句意：采取任何行动之前，委员会正在等待总部的一个决定。wait 后面要接一个介词 for 再加等待的对象；await可以直接接宾语。选项C符合题意。5. 单选题around the globe more quickly and easily, has resulted in the removal of state controls on trade and investments, the disappearance of tariff barriers and the spread of new information and communications technologies. In societies around the world, the effects of globalization have influenced social development. Not only are the influences of globalization apparent in markets, their forces are felt in the processes or working towards equality between men and women. Reda Bebars of Egypt, stressing that the advancement of women would not be achieved by passing legislation, said that social development on the national scale must be strengthened and a climate conducive to development must be created if the goals set in Beijing (at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women) are to be realized.The problems stem from the fact that women are very differently positioned in relation to the markets in different parts of the world. In certain places, where women are socially excluded from leaving their homes, the challenge is to find ways for women to participate. In other places, the challenge is to create markets which are more friendly to womens participation. Ilham Ibrahim Mohamed Ahmed of Sudan condemned the debt burden carried by developing countries, economic sanctions, arbitrary measures and denial of access to new technological developments as obstacles to the growth of womens rights. Women remain very much in the minority among Internet users and still face huge imbalances in the ownership, control and regulation of new information technologies.“The gains of globalization have not been equitably distributed and the gap between rich and poor countries is widening”，said Zhang Lei of the Peoples Republic of China.The gains of globalization thus far have for the most part been concentrated in the hands of better-off women with higher levels of education and with greater ownership of resources and access to capital.“Work in China and Vietnam shows that globalization has brought new opportunities to young women with familiarity with English in new service sector jobs, but has made a vast number of over-35-year-olds redundant, because they are either in declining industries or have outdated skills”，Swasti Mitter of the UNs Women Watch Online Working Group on Womens Economic Inequality said.1.According to the essay, what role has English played during the process of globalization?2.What needs to occur in order for the goals of the fourth womens conference to be realized?3.Where have the profits of globalization gone?4.What does the sentence “.but has made a vast number of over 35-year-olds redundant.” in the last paragraph mean?5.What reason does the passage suggest for the fact that women remain the minority of Internet users?问题1选项A.It has created new education opportunities.B.It has speed up the process of globalization.C.It has opened new opportunities for young women.D.It has increased the number of skilled women.问题2选项A.Enforce Legislations calling for the advancement of women.B.Need to create a climate that encourages social development on a national scale.C.Create new technological opportunities for women in China.D.Abolish economic barriers between China and the West.问题3选项A.In rich countries with strict tariff barriers.B.In China and Vietnam.C.In the hands of smart women.D.In the hands of richer members of the society.问题4选项A.Globalization has caused many over 35-year-old women to lose their jobs.B.Over 35 year old women are stuck in industries that are no longer thriving.C.There is a great need for over 35-year-old women due to the process of globalization.D.There was a baby boom 35 years ago and there are many 35 year old women working.问题5选项A.They do not speak English well enough.B.They do not know how to use computers as well as men do.C.Men remain the majority of people who control the internet industry.D.It does not apply, because this problem does not exist in China.【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】1.文章最后一段Work in China and Vietnam shows that globalization has brought new opportunities to young women with familiarity with English in new service sector jobs 提到中国和越南的工作表明全球化为那些英语熟练的年轻女性提供了就业机会，选项C符合题意。2.文章第一段 Reda Bebars说道 “要想实现1995年在北京召开的第四次世界妇女大会的目标，必须加强全国范围的社会发展并且还必须创造一个有利于发展的社会环境。”（ social development on the national scale must be strengthened and a climate conducive to development must be created if the goals set in Beijing (at the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women) are to be realized），选项B与之描述一致，符合题意。3.文章第三段The gains of globalization have not been equitably distributed and the gap between rich and poor countries is widening”以及第四段的内容“The gains of globalization thus far have for the most part been concentrated in the hands of better-off women with higher levels of education and with greater ownership of resources and access to capital.” 可知选项D “全球化的收益掌握在了社会上那些更加富裕的人的手里”符合题意。4.文章提到全球化为会英语的年轻女性提供了更多的就业机会，但是与之不同的是，35岁以上的女性却失去了工作机会，选项A “全球化使得许多35岁以上的妇女失去了工作”。选项A符合题意。5.文章第二段最后一句话Women remain very much in the minority among Internet users and still face huge imbalances in the ownership, control and regulation of new information technologies 提到女性在互联网用户中只是少数并且依然在新信息技术的掌握、控制和管理方面面临着绝大的不公正。选项C的描述与之相近，符合题意。6. 单选题A system of strict discipline has a(n) （ ）effect on conduct.问题1选项A.automaticB.deliberateC.customaryD.beneficial【答案】D【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。automatic “自动的，必然的”；deliberate “故意的”；customary “通常的，习惯的”；beneficial “有益的，有利的”。句意：严格的纪律制度对行为的影响是有益的。选项D符合题意。7. 单选题Whenever possible, Ian （ ）how well he speaks Japanese.问题1选项A.shows upB.shows aroundC.shows offD.shows out【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。show up “显而易见，到场”；show around “带 参观”；show off “炫耀，展示”；show out “送出（客人）”。句意：只要有可能，伊恩就会向我们炫耀他说日语的能力。选项C符合题意。8. 单选题The town square really looks magnificent at night when it is（ ）问题1选项A.illuminatedB.decoratedC.furnishedD.inhabited【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。illuminated “被照明的”；decorated “装饰的，修饰的”；furnished “家具，有家具的”；inhabited “有人居住的”。句意：当灯光照亮时，夜晚的城市广场看上去真的很宏伟。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Doctors are often under sharp criticism nowadays for people believe they always （ ） too many medicines for minor illnesses.问题1选项A.prescribeB.orderC.deliverD.advise【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。prescribe “规定；开药；开处方”；order “命令；整理；定购”；deliver “交付；递送”；advise “建议”。句意：如今医生经常遭受尖锐的批评，因为人们认为他们总是针对小病开很多药。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题Some scientists are dubious of the claim that organisms（ ） with age as an inevitable outcome of living.问题1选项A.depressB.defaultC.degradeD.deteriorate【答案】C【解析】考察动词词义辨析。degrade “降低，降级，退化”；deteriorate “恶化，变坏”；default “拖欠，不履行义务”；depress “ 压抑，使沮丧”。根据句意“科学家对于生物体随着年龄增长会_是必然结果这种说法表示怀疑”，可知空格处应该填表示“退化”此类意思的词，degrade强调功能的退化，deteriorate 强调身体状况的恶化，显然选项C符合题意。11. 单选题A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker. The first is the broad area of communication, which includes imparting information by use of language, communicating with a group or an individual, and specialized communication through performance. A person conveys thoughts and ideas through choice of words, by a tone of voice that is pleasant or unpleasant, gentle or harsh, by the rhythm that is inherent within the language itself, and by speech rhythms that are flowing and regular or uneven and hesitant, and finally, by the pitch and melody of the utterance. When speaking before a group, a persons tone may indicate unsureness or fright, confidence or calm. At interpersonal levels, the tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen, or may belie them. Here the conversants tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener. Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture. The motivation derived from the text, and in the case of singing, the music, in combination with the performers skills, personality, and ability to create empathy will determine the success of artistic, political, or pedagogic communication.Second, the voice gives psychological clues to a persons self-image, perception of others, and emotional health. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits. Also the sound may give a clue to the facade or mask of that person, for example, a shy person hiding behind an overconfident front. How a speaker perceives the listeners receptiveness, interest, or sympathy in any given conversation can drastically alter the tone of presentation, by encouraging or discouraging the speaker. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.1.What does the passage mainly discuss?2.What does the author mean by stating that, at interpersonal levels, tone may reflect ideas and feelings over and above the words chosen (lines 8-9)?3.Why does the author mention artistic, political, or pedagogic communication in line 15?4.According to the passage, an exuberant tone of voice may be an indication of a persons5.According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?问题1选项A.The function of the voice in performanceB.The connection between voice and personalityC.Communication stylesD.The production of speech问题2选项A.Feelings are expressed with different words than ideas are.B.The tone of voice can carry information beyond the meaning of words.C.A high tone of voice reflects an emotional communication.D.Feelings are more difficult to express than ideas.问题3选项A.As examples of public performance.B.As examples of basic styles of communicationC.To contrast them to singingD.To introduce the idea of self-image问题4选项A.general physical healthB.personalityC.ability to communicateD.vocal quality问题5选项A.lethargyB.depressionC.boredomD.anger【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.文章第一段第一句话便是全文的中心句A number of factors related to the voice reveal the personality of the speaker.（与说话嗓音有关的一些因素显露出说话者的个性）。选项B “嗓音与个性的联系”符合题意。2.文章第一段Here the conversants tone can consciously or unconsciously reflect intuitive sympathy or antipathy, lack of concern or interest, fatigue, anxiety, enthusiasm or excitement, all of which are usually discernible by the acute listener提到交谈者的语气有意或者无意地表达出直观的同情或反感，冷漠或感兴趣，疲劳、紧张、热情或激动等等。选项B “语气可能带着超越言语意思的信息”符合题意。3.文章第一段Public performance is a manner of communication that is highly specialized with its own techniques for obtaining effects by voice and /or gesture提到公开表演是一种高度专业的交流方式，需要通过声音的技巧或手势来取得所需要的效果，题目中 artistic, political等都属于这一类公开表演。选项A符合题意。4.文章第二段Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or exuberant, to name only a few personality traits提到自我形象可以通过语气来表明，比如自信、傲慢、害羞、挑衅、友好等等，这些都是个性的特点。选项B符合题意。5.文章第二段by constricted and harsh sound of the angry可知选项D符合题意。12. 单选题The United States and Canada are lands of （ ）except for the Indians, who are the only true natives.问题1选项A.emigrantsB.immigrantsC.dwellersD.inhabitants【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。emigrants “移民（移出）”；immigrants “移民（移入）”；dwellers “居民，居住者”；inhabitants “本地居民，土著居民”。句意：美国和加拿大是移民的土地，除了印第安人，他们是唯一真正的土著人美国和加拿大拥有除了了土著居民和印第安人以为的大量移民。选项B符合题意。13. 单选题I wanted to buy a colour TV set this year, but my brother rejected the idea （ ）a trip to the beach.问题1选项A.instead ofB.in view ofC.in favour ofD.in case of【答案】C【解析】考查词组辨析。instead of “代替；而不是 ”；in view of “鉴于；考虑到”；in favour of “支持；赞成”;in case of “万一；如果发生；假设”。句意：虽然我今年想要购买一台彩电，但是我的弟弟想去海滩所以拒绝了我的这个想法。选项C符合题意。14. 单选题If you are always sitting up at night, Im afraid you may （ ）from overwork soon.问题1选项A.fallB.descendC.sickenD.collapse【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fall “落下；降落”；descend “下降；下来”；sicken “生病”；collapse “倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上总是熬夜，那么我担心你可能会因为过度劳累而倒下。选项D符合题意。15. 单选题There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future”, the papers publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, theres plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper printing presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; its excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate is print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them.” he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,” he said, “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in, “So if youre overpaying for print, you