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职称英语考试宝典 系列软件职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲(1)Where Have All the Bees Gone?Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans.词汇：honeybee n. 蜜蜂parasite n. 寄生虫;寄生生物hive n. 蜂巢; 蜂箱digestive adj. 消化的pollen n. 花粉immune adj. 免疫的beekeeper n. 养蜂人insecticide n. 杀虫剂expertise n. 专门知识，专长diversity n. 多样性注释：1. colony-collapse：群体瘫痪。Colony有“殖民地”的意思，在此意为： a group of the same kind of animals, plants, or one-celled organisms living or growing together. 一群生活或生长在一起的同种动物、植物或单细胞有机体。2. the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory：美国农业部蜜蜂研究实验室。3. the Florida Department of Agriculture：佛罗里达农业局。佛罗里达是美国东南部的一个州，濒临大西洋和墨西哥湾。练习：1. What is the mystery that researchers find hard to explain?A) Honeybees are flying all across the country.B) 25-40 percent of the honeybees in the US have died.C) Honeybees are leaving their hives and do not return.D) Honeybee hives are in disorder.2. Why are researchers seriously concerned with the phenomenon of colony-collapse disorder?A) Because honeybees produce one-third of the foods we eatB) Because honeybees feed on flowers.C) Because honeybees eat seeds of flowers.D) Both B and C.3. What are the possible causes of colony-collapse disorder given by the scientists?A) Worsening environment.B) Disease and chemicals.C) Dwindling number of flowers around.D) Changes in genes structures.4. According to the fifth paragraph, which of the following about bees genes is true?A) Bees genes allow them to expand their colonies.B) Bees genes help keep them in their hives.C) Bees genes make them fly from flower to flower.D) Bees genes could explain the collapse of some colonies.5. What explanation is given by Jerry Hayes to the phenomenon?A) Farmers apply certain chemicals to kill unwanted bees.B)The insecticide destroys the honeybees nervous system.C)The insecticide affects the honeybees memory.D) All of the above.答案与题解：1.分析文章标题：Where have all the bees(蜜蜂) gone(去)?文章将分析造成蜜蜂离去的原因, 参看文章开头部分的语句或文章中的用词特点，以进一步了解文章主题：Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All完全地 across(越过， 到.的对面) the country, honeybees are leaving(离开) their hives(蜂巢) and never returning(返回).(第3句) Researchers(研究者) call this phenomenon(现象) colony-collapse1 disorder(混乱， 紊乱). According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony(生物)群体) collapse(崩溃) is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans.分析：文章主题涉及对蜜蜂群体崩溃现象的讨论。2. 直接解题：1. What is the mystery(神秘， 神秘的事情)that researchers(研究者)find hard(困难的，硬的， 坚固的， 努力地) to explain(解释) ?A) Honeybees(蜜蜂) are flying all (完全地)across the country(国家， 乡村)(遍及全国).B) 25-40 percent(百分之，百分数) of the honeybees in the US have died(死亡).C) Honeybees are leaving their hives(蜂巢) and do not return(返回).D) Honeybee hives(蜂箱) are in disorder(紊乱， 混乱).1.C. 细节题。 该题可以借助文章主题的提示直接判定C是答案， 也可以参考文章中的相关内容来判断答案。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(mystery, researcher)及备选项中的细节及特征结构(A：all cross the country; B：25-40 percent of honeybees in the US, C/D: honeybee hives)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第一段)Scientists (与问题句中的researchers词义相关)who study insects (昆虫)have a real(真正的) mystery (神秘的事情)on their hands(正在处理.). All across the country(遍及全国), honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning(不再返回). Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to (根据)surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished (消失)from their hives since. So far(到目前为止), no one can explain why.答案相关句(第一段的第一句和第二句)告诉我们，昆虫学加家正面临一个不可解释的谜：蜜蜂飞出蜂巢后，不再返回。2. Why are researchers(研究者) seriously(认真地，严肃地) concerned with (关注.,关心.)the phenomenon(现象) of colony(群体)-collapse(崩溃) disorder(混乱)?A) Because honeybees(蜜蜂) produce(生产，引起， 结(果实) one-third(1/3) of the foods(食物) we eatB) Because honeybees feed on (以.为食)flowers(鲜花， 开花).C) Because honeybees eat seeds(种子) of flowers.D) Both B and C.2. A。 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词(researchers)及备选项中的细节信息及特征结构(A：one-third of the foods; B：flowers; C：seeds of flowers)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：(第一题答案相关句)Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony collapse (群体崩溃/问题句中的核心词语)is a serious(认真的) concern(关注， 关心，关注的事情/问题句中的核心词concerned的家族词) because bees play an important role in (在.方面起了很重要的作用)the production(生产)of about one-third of the foods we eat.As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.答案相关句(短文第二段的第一句)说：蜜蜂直接关系到人类所需的1/3的食物的生产， 因此A是答案。提示： 如果答案相关句中出现了问题句或被选项中的近义词/家族词汇/甚至是反义词，则这个答案相关句很可能就是直接答案相关句，而有时就可能直接对比这个答案相关句的结构和用词， 对比被选项中的结构和用词， 直接判断答案。该题考查短语结构(play a role in./在.方面起作用)3. What are the possible(可能的) causes(原因，造成) of colony-collapse disorder(混乱)given by the scientists?A) Worsening(恶化的) environment(环境).B) Disease(疾病) and chemicals(化学制品).C) Dwindling(正在缩小的) number(数量，数字) of flowers around(周围， 大约).D) Changes in (在.方面的变化)genes(基因) structures(结构).3.B. 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息结构(scientists)及备选项中带有修饰词的细节信息结构(Worsening environment，Worsening environment，Dwindling number of flowers ，genes structures )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.(第2题答案相关句)Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower(选项C中的线索词) to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.(第4段)It could be that (可能.)disease(疾病)(选项B中的线索词) is causing the disappearance(消失)of the bees. To explore that possibility(可能性), Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory(实验室), examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing.” We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.(第5段)Another cause(原因) of colony-collapse disorder may be certain(某个的/某些的， 必然的，确信的 ) chemicals (化学品)that farmers(农民) apply to(应用于.) kill unwanted(有害的， 讨厌的) insects(昆虫) on crops, says Jerry Hayes(与问题句中提到的“科学家”呼应), chief(主要的， 首席的) bee inspector(观察员，巡视员) for(为) the Florida Department(局， 部， 系) of Agriculture(农业). Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.第四的开头句和第5段的开头句给出了科学家认为的造成可能造成这种现象的两个原因。提示：段落段首句/段尾句处常设考点。文章中权威人士/权威机构的发言处常设考点。4. According to (根据)the fifth paragraph(段落)(更正：这里应该改成第6段), which of the following (下列哪个)about bees genes(基因) is true(正确的， 真实的， 忠诚的)?A) Bees genes(基因) allow(允许) them to expand(扩张， 详细叙述) their colonies(群体).B) Bees genes help keep(留下， 保持) them in their hives(蜂巢).C) Bees genes make them fly(飞翔，飘扬) from flower(花) to flowerD) Bees genes could explain(解释) the collapse(崩溃) of some colonies4.D. 细节题。 该题可借助文章主题内容直接判断答案，也可利用问题句中的细节信息结构(bees genes)及备选项中的细节信息结构(B：hives, C: flower)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.(第3题答案相关句)It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.(第3题答案相关句)Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide affects the honeybees nervous system (which includes the brain) and memory. “It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do,” he says.If it turns out that (结果证明)a disease(疾病) is contributing to (正导致)colony collapse, bees genes could explain(解释) why some colonies have collapsed and others(= other colonies)have not(collapsed). In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic (遗传的)diversity(多样性). So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans.答案相关句(第6段段首句)说：蜜蜂的基因能解释为什么一些蜜蜂群体已经崩溃了，而其他的蜜蜂群体没有崩溃， 因此D是答案。5. What explanation(解释) is given by (被.给出)Jerry Hayes to/for(explanation for./对.的解释) the phenomenon(现象)?A) Farmers(农民) apply (把.应用于.)certain(某些的) chemicals(化学品) to kill(杀死)unwanted(有害的) bees(这里应该改成insects).B)The insecticide(杀虫剂) destroys(破坏， 毁灭) the honeybees nervous(神经的， 紧张的) system(系统，体系).C)The insecticide affects(影响) the honeybees memory(记忆，记忆力).D) All of the above.5.D. 细节题。利用问题句中的特征词(Jerry Hay)及备选项中的细节信息结构(A：certain chemicals， unwanted bees;B：insecticide，nervous system， C：memory )共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse1 disorder. According to surveys of beekeepers across the country, 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the United States have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant cant produce seeds or fruits.Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out whats causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. By sharing their expertise in honeybee behavior, health, and nutrition, team members hope to find out whats contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearances in the future.It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Bee Research Laboratory2, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. “We know what s healthy bee should look like on the inside, and we can look for physical signs of disease,” he says. And bees from collapsing colonies dont look very healthy. “Their stomachs are worn down, compared to the stomachs of healthy bees,” Evans says. It may be that a parasite is damaging the bees digestive organs. Their immune systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.(第5段)Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture3. Some studies(研究), he(指代Jerry Hayes) says, suggest(显示，建议) that a certain(某种) type(类型) of insecticide (杀虫剂)affects(影响) the honeybees nervous system (神经系统)(which includes(包括) the brain(大脑) and memory(记忆力). “It seems like (好像， 似乎)honeybees are going out (出去，熄灭)and getting confused about (对.感到困惑)where to go and what to do,” he says.(第4题答案相关句)If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of genes. The more different genes a group has, the higher the groups genetic diversity. So far scientists havent determined the role of genetic diversity in colony collapse, but its a promising theory, says Evans.答案相关句描述了造成蜜蜂群体崩溃的直接原因(农民使用一些化学药品/杀虫剂)和造成蜜蜂崩溃的根本原因(杀虫剂破坏了蜜蜂的神经系统)， 所以D是正确选择。职称英语理工AB级阅读理解精讲(2)Smart WindowWindows not only let light in to cut down an electricity use for lighting, but the light coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are not something people typically associate with being a cutting edge1 technology. Researchers are now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change from clear to dark and anywhere in between with a flip of a switch2.“It took us a long time to figure out what a window really is,” says Claes Granqvist. Hes a professor of solid-state physics at Uppsala University in Sweden3. “Its contact with the outside world. You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So, windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel when theyre stuck indoors.Yet,
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