2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解43

2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The new radio direction-finding device could（）a transmission with a remarkable speed.问题1选项A.carry offB.bend toC.shrug offD.latch onto【答案】A【解析】词组辨祈题。carry off携带，成功地处理；bend to屈从于；shrug off摆脱，不屑理睬；latch onto锁上。句意：这种新的无线电测向装置能以惊人的速度进行传输。选项A符合句意。2. 单选题That terrible noise is（）me mad.问题1选项A.drivingB.settingC.puttingD.turning【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配题。drive sb.使某人.。句意：那可怕的噪音快把我逼疯了。3. 单选题Oh, what a nuisance! It（）so easy for me to bring those photographs I wanted to show you, and I have left them on the table at home.问题1选项A.would have beenB.had beenC.would beD.was【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真讨厌,我本来很容易就能把那些我想给你看的照片帯过来,我却把它们落在家里的桌子上了。would have done为虚拟语气,表示本应该做的事但却没有做。4. 单选题She suggested that the expedition be（）with the latest scientific equipment.问题1选项A.afflictedB.permeatedC.paddledD.outfitted【答案】D【解析】动词辨析题。afflicted折磨、使痛苦；permeate渗透、弥漫；paddled划桨；outfitted配备、机构。句意：她建议探险队配备最新的科学设备。选项D符合句意。5. 单选题This refrigerator we bought last week is（）satisfactory.问题1选项A.by all meansB.by any meansC.by no meansD.by some means【答案】C【解析】by all means一定,务必,一般单独用,后面不接成分；by any means无论如何；by no means点也不；by some means通过某种方法。句意：我们上周买的冰箱一点儿也不让人满意。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题Color-blind people often find it difficult to（）between blue and green.问题1选项A.separateB.compareC.contrastD.distinguish【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。separate分离；compare比较；contrast对比；distinguish辨别。句意：色盲患者经常很难区分蓝色和绿色。选项D正确。7. 单选题Mrs. Green has been living in town only one year, yet she seems to be（）with everyone who comes to the store.问题1选项A.acceptedB.admittedC.admiredD.acquainted【答案】D【解析】acquaint使认识,使了解；accept接受；admit招收,承认；admire钦佩,赞美,羡慕。be acquainted with sb.为固定搭配，意为与.相识。句意：格林夫人在城里只住了一年，但她似乎认识来商店的每一个人。8. 单选题As the old man lay dying he kept（）the experiences of his boyhood in Africa.问题1选项A.complaining ofB.entering intoC.rambling aboutD.turning up【答案】C【解析】词组辨析题。complain of抱怨；enter into进入；ramble about漫步于，闲逛；turn up出现、发生。句意：老人在称留之际，思绪一直漫游在他美好童年时代的非洲生活经历当中。选项C符合句意。9. 单选题I sent invitations to 80 people,（）have replied.问题1选项A.of whom only 20 of themB.only 20 of them whoC.of whom only 20D.only 20 who【答案】C【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我邀请了80人,其中只有20人回复了。of表从属关系,在这里指80人中的20人, whom指代80人。选项A重复,选项C表述正确。10. 单选题I dont think it is（）to reconstruct the destroyed forest ecosystem in a few years.问题1选项A.plausibleB.notableC.considerableD.feasible【答案】D【解析】词义辨析题。plausible可信的；notable显著的；considerable值得考虑的；feasible可行的。句意：我认为在几年内重建受破坏的森林生态系统是不可行的。选项D符合句意。11. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those living in（）populated areas.问题1选项A.denselyB.intenselyC.abundantlyD.highly【答案】A【解析】副词辨析。densely浓密地、稠密地；intensely激烈地、热情地；abundantly丰富地；highly高地，非常。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other example. Therefore we must turn（4）Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the right（9）. The child looks for a/an（10）There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）emphatically that this action is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and（18）some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.fromB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonable问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.forC.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题14选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题15选项A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意。（2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”。（4）turn to转向, 求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。（5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入ready。a ready response快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。（6）gain ones ends为固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意。（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文。（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原文。（11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。（12）attain ones goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文。（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from。（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化, 符合句意。inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符。（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形, 选项A正确。（17）be overlaid with为固定搭配, 意为“被掩盖”。（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义, 故排除。（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确。（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。13. 单选题This border incident led to the two countries（）diplomatic relations in 1965.问题1选项A.breaking upB.finishingC.cutting outD.breaking off【答案】A【解析】词组辨析题。breaking up终止；cutting out切断；breaking off突然停止。句意：这一边境问题导致两国于1965年终止外交关系。选项A符合句意。14. 单选题Economics involves the study of topics like wealth and poverty, money and banks, incomes, taxes, prosperity and depression, big business and labor unions, and hundreds of other matters that intimately affect the way we live. Economic forces surround our daily lives, influencing how easy or how hard it is to get a job, how much we can earn in our chosen occupations, and how much our paychecks will buy after we receive them.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about how much to spend and for what purposes, and how much to raise in taxes and who should be taxed as well as in their evaluations of the consequences of war, peace, and disarmament. Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights have important consequences for all of us for both those who are discriminated against and those who are not. At a still more global level economic factors are involved in birth, health, death, population growth, and the dynamics of history.In fact, probably without exception, each topic in economics not only touches somewhere on your own personal life but is also important to some current economic problems of government on social policy and is, at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services. Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature. A loaf of bread is the end result of long series of operations that begins with planting and harvesting grain and proceeds through milling, baking, and shipping to the point at which the housewife can pick the loaf off the grocers shelf. The driver filling his tank at a services station is taking the final step in a long chain of activities: drilling oil wells, moving petroleum in ships and pipelines, chemical treatment, refining and storage. The same is generally true of all goods.The process of bridging the gap between the original resources of nature and needs of the final consumer is production. Production includes any activity that makes goods and services available to people. It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well. Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive, as are actors, musicians, entertainers, and others who perform services for our benefits.1.Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?2.We may infer from the context that the word “encompass” (Line 4, Paragraph 5) means（）3.According to the passage, economics is the study of （）4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.Which of the following can be learned from the passage?问题1选项A.Economic factors influence our daily life.B.Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions about some policies.C.What we study in economics is how governments influence the use of land, labor, capital, etc.D.The services of wholesalers, retailers and bankers are an important part of the productive process.问题2选项A.surroundB.encloseC.encircleD.include问题3选项A.production and consumptionB.governments policyC.activities that make goods available to peopleD.consequences of war and peace.问题4选项A.The services of doctors, lawyers and teachers are unproductive.B.Economic factors are involved in the development of history.C.All that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.D.Job discrimination and unequal educational opportunities have important consequences only for those who are discriminated against.问题5选项A.Urban slums, job discrimination, unequal educational opportunities, and civil rights are excluded from economic factors.B.Each topic in economics deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.C.Government policies determine the link between the resources of nature and needs of the consumer.D.A housewife cannot pick a loaf of bread off the grocers shelf unless there is a good harvest.【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段的一二句“.affect the way we live.”对应选项A；第二段的第一句“Economic factors are major concerns in governments decisions.”对应选项B；最后一段的第三句“It is not restricted to work on tangible physical commodities, but encompasses services as well.”对应选项D。只有选项C在文中没有提及。2.词义题。根据原文：它不限制于有形的物质设施, 但是也 服务。选项D包括, 与原文encompass意思最相近。3.细节事实题。根据第四段的第一句“., is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”每个主题都以这样或那样的方式处理社会生产和使用商品和服务的方式。所以选项A符合原文。4.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后一句“Doctors, lawyers, teachers, and barbers are productive.”可知选项A错误；根据第三段的最后一句“at the same time, involved in the long-range concerns of human history.”可知选项B正确；根据第四段的第二句“Practically nothing that we eat, wear, or use comes to us directly from nature.”可知选项C错误；根据第二段的第二句“job discrimination, .and those who are not.”可知选项D也错误。所以本题选B。5.判断推理题。根据第四段的第一句“The common thread that runs through all of these topics, binding them together into a coherent body of study, is that one way or another each deals with the way society produces and uses goods and services.”由此可以推断选项B符合原文。15. 单选题The mail was（）for two days because of the snowstorm.问题1选项A.held backB.held outC.held upD.held on【答案】A【解析】held back隐瞒,退缩,控制,阻止；held out提出,显示；held up举起,提出,支持；held on等一下,继续。句意：由于暴风雪的原因,邮件延误了两天。只有选项A符合句意。16. 单选题It might be supposed that greater efficiency should be achieved if several people collaborate to solve a problem than if only one individual works on it. The assumption is by no means invariably true.Although groups often may increase the motivation of their members to deal with problems, there is a counter-balancing need to contend with conflicts arising among members of a group and to give it coherent directions. Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader who not only provides direction but permits the orderly, constructive expression of a variety of opinions; much of the leaders effort may be devoted to resolving differences. Success in problem-solving also depends on the distribution of ability within a group. Solutions simply may reflect the presence of an outstanding individual who might perform even better by himself.Although groups may reach a greater number of correct solutions, or may require less time to discover an answer, their net man-hour efficiency is typically lower than that achieved by skilled individuals working alone.A process called brainstorming has been offered as a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problems. In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible. Theoretically these unrestricted suggestions increase the probability that at least some superior solutions will emerge. Nevertheless, studies show that when individuals work alone under similar conditions, performance tends to proceed more efficiently than it does in groups.Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual. Group members may contribute different (and essential) resources to a solution that no individual can readily achieve alone; such pooling of information and skills can make group achievements superior in dealing with selected problems. Sometimes social demands may require group agreement on a single alternative, as in formulating national economic or military policies under democratic governments. When only one among several alternative solutions is correct, even if a group requires more time, it has a higher probability of identifying the right one than does an individual alone.1.In this passage, the author argues that thinking in groups（）2.The phrase contend with in Paragraph Two most probably means （）3.According to the author, compared with an individual, a group （）4.The word brainstorming in Paragraph Four roughly means（）5.It can be seen from the passage that a group will be more efficient in（）问题1选项A.is the best way to solve any problemsB.is by no means useful in problem-solvingC.may result in effective problem-solving under certain circumstancesD.will inevitably produce greater efficiency in problem-solving than individual thinking问题2选项A.handleB.argue withC.satisfyD.compete with问题3选项A.may need more time to discover an answerB.needs an effective leader to provide directionC.often fails to resolve conflicts among its membersD.will always produce better suggestions问题4选项A.offering a method of facilitating the production of new solutions to problemsB.unrestrained offering of ideas and suggestions by a group of people to seek solutions to problemsC.increasing the efficiency in problem-solving by working with each otherD.forcing people to work together to solve a problem问题5选项A.solving problems that need intensive studyB.analyzing information and dataC.dealing with national problemsD.selecting the best solution to a problem【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:B第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.细节事实题。根据最后一段的第一句“Under special circumstances, however, a group may solve problems more effectively than does a reasonably competent individual.”在特殊情况下，一个团队可能比一个有能力的人更有效地解决问题。选项C符合原文。2.词义题。根据原文可知，这里指需要处理好成员之间的冲突，选项A符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段的第二句“Problem-solving is facilitated by the presence of an effective leader”一个有效的领导者的存在有助于解决问题。选项B符合原文。4.语义题。根据第四段的第二句“In brainstorming, a problem is presented to a group of people who then proceed to offer whatever they can think of, regardless of quality and with as few inhibitions as possible.”头脑风暴指提供一个问题给一群人，然后他们会谈论所能想到的任何东西，而不管质量如何，并且尽可能不受限制。也就是说一群人无拘无束地提出想法和建议，寻求问题的解决方案；选项B正确。5.细节事实题。根据最后一段的最后两句可知：在处理国家问题上，集体比个人更有效率。17. 单选题The public opinion was that the time was not（）for the election of such a radical candidate as Mr. Jones.问题1选项A.reasonableB.ripeC.readyD.practical【答案】B【解析】形容词词义辨析。reasonable明理的,理智的；ripe成熟的；ready准备好的；practical实际的,现实的。根据前面的time可知，这里指时机不成熟。选项B符合句意。句意：舆论认为，选举像琼斯先生这样激进的候选人的时机还不成熟。18. 单选题He was more or less disappointed at（）more guests.问题1选项A.not havingB.there not havingC.not having beenD.there not having been【答案】A【解析】be disappointed at doing sth.为固定搭配,表示“对.感到失望”,首先排除选项B和D；根据句意：没有更多的客人,他多少有点失望。这里不存在被动语态,所以选项A正确。19. 翻译题在任何社会里教育总是反映这个社会的一面镜子。通过这面镜子我们可以看 到我们的实力, 我们的弱点, 我们的希望, 我们的偏见, 以及我们这个国家的主 要价值观念。过去四十年来人们对教育的重视说明了人们都强烈地感到不管每个 人的个人情况如何, 都应当给与充分发展他能力的机会。【答案】In any social community, education is always a mirror as the reflection of the society. Through this, we can have a sight of our strength, weakness, hope, prejudice and the major value of our country. Having passed through forty years, peoples great importance on education proves that people should provide the opportunities to develop their abilities but regardless of their personal situation.20. 单选题The students in the dormitories were forbidden, unless they had special passes, （）after 11 p.m.问题1选项A.staying outB.from staying outC.against staying outD.to stay out【答案】D【解析】unless they had special passes为插入语，可忽略不看。forbid的常用搭配是forbid sb. to do sth./ forbid doing sth.所以选项D正确。