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narration叙述文叙述文description描写文描写文exposition说明文说明文argumentation议论文议论文 第1页/共22页What is narration ? 第2页/共22页At its simplest, narration is the telling of a story, which involves characters and ongoing actions. To narrate is to give an account of what happened or is happening. 第3页/共22页It attempts to recreate events so that the reader may vicariously(替代地替代地) share the experience第4页/共22页 Literary narrative is usually fictitious, found a b u n d a n t l y i n l i t e r a r y creations such as anecdotes, tales and fables, romances, short stories, novels, and s t o r i e s i n v e r s e . 第5页/共22页 Expository narrative is the factual account of events, including history, biography, travels, news reports and journals. 第6页/共22页The ways to narrate in sequence of time顺叙顺叙 flashback倒叙倒叙 narration interspersed with flashbacks插叙插叙 narration interspersed with comment）夹叙夹叙夹议夹议第7页/共22页The elements of a narrativeSettingPlotAtmosphere ConflictPoint of View Characterization第8页/共22页1.1 Setting 背景背景The time and place in which the events of a story take place . Cultural ,social , physical context of a story.第9页/共22页2. Plot 情节情节 the sequence of events that take place in a story 第10页/共22页3 Characterization 人物的刻画人物的刻画The methods used to present the personality of a character in a narrative . Direct-the author describes the character .Indirect-the reader judges what the character is like based on what they say or do , or what other characters say about them.第11页/共22页4 Atmosphere 气氛气氛The general mood or feeling established in a piece of literature.Atmosphere is created through word choice and pacing .第12页/共22页5 Conflict the central problem that drives the action of a story . Two main types Internal -the conflict happens in a characters mind External-the conflict happens between characters ,or between a character and some outside force.第13页/共22页6 Point of View 视角视角Who is narrating the storyTwo main types First person-the narrator use “I” to tell the action ,and is involved in the storyThird person-the story is told from a perspective outside the story .The characters are referred to by name ,or as he ,she or they 第14页/共22页What should you consider when planning a narrative? TextPoint of view 视角Theme 主题Setting 背景背景Foreshadowing伏笔Symbol 象征Plot 情节情节Order 顺序第15页/共22页Step1.Context At the beginning of a narrative ,make clear:When Where Who Provide the reader with context to help him the whole narrative第16页/共22页Step2.PurposeThere must be a purpose in telling a story -to prove a theory-to illustrate the concept -to praise a virtue-to condemn a vice ,etc第17页/共22页Step3.Seletion of detailsA narrative is made up of detailsProviding enough and only relevant details or things that contribute the bringing out the main of the narrative 第18页/共22页Step4.OgnizationChronological orderIn the order in which things occurFlashback To arouse readers interest 第19页/共22页Step5.OutlineA beginning The setting A middle The body tells the story itself An end 第20页/共22页Thank You!第21页/共22页感谢您的观看。第22页/共22页
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