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詹大悲中学初三英语导学案：Unit 9 When was it invented？Section A课 型听说课主备人洪亮审核人使用人序 号备课时间审核时间使用时间班 级姓 名学习目标1.扎实掌握section A (1A-2C) 的词汇和句型并能灵活运用。2. 通过自主学习，听力与口头练习，掌握一般过去时的被动语态。学会谈论创造的历史。3. 培养学生创造创造的能力的愿望，全力以赴，激情投入，享受学习的快乐。学习重点一般过去时态的被动语态。学习难点不规那么动词的过去分词。A. 课前预习1.预习sectionA的主要知识点请学生务必根据自己的学习情况自由补充！被动语态小结：1.被动语态的时态: 被动语态的时态通过be的变化来表达，它必须与主语的人称、数一致。以下是几种常用的被动语态:(1)一般现在时的被动语态: am / is / are + 动词的过去分词。Eg：This book in two languages.这本书是用两种语言写的.(2)现在进行时的被动语态: am / is /are + being + 动词的过去分词。Eg: A school is by the workers now.工人们正在建一所学校.(3) 一般将来时的被动语态: will / be going to + be + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The project will next month.这项工程下个月就完工.(4) 现在完成时的被动语态: have / has + been + 动词的过去分词.Eg: My homework .我的作业以完成了.(5) 一般过去时的被动语态: was / were + 动词的过去分词.Eg: The classroom three days ago. 教室是三天前被清扫的.(6) 含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 +be +动词的过去分词.The classroom every day.教室应该每天都被清扫.2.被动语态的否认句和疑问句:1否认句的构成：必须在第一个助动词后加not。Eg：His homework finished. 他的作业还没有完成。2疑问句的构成：将第一个助动词置于主语之前。Eg：When the bridge ？这座桥是何时建的？3、主动语态变被动语态的方法:1 把主动语态变的宾语作为被动语态的主语2 主动语态的谓语改成be + 过去分词的形式，作为被动语态的谓语，be随着主语以及时态的变化而变化。3 主动语态的主语变为by的宾语，有时可以省略。Eg： He often plays computer games Computer games are often played by him4、被动语态的注意方法:1 在主动句中动词make，let，have，see，hear，feel，watch，find notice等后接不定式作宾补时，动词不定式都要去掉to,但变被动语态时,后面的不定式须加to.make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth. eg: The man made the boy do his homework. The boy was made to do his homework.hear sb. do sth. sb. be heard to do sth. eg: I often hear him sing in the next room. He is often heard to sing in the next room. (2) 主动语态中假设有双宾语,变为被动语态时,只将其中一个宾语变为被动句的主语,另一个宾语不变.一般情况下,往往把表示人的宾语变为被动句的主语，而把直接宾语物留作被动句的宾语。如果把主动句的直接宾语变为被动句的主语，那么间接宾语常须有介词一般是for或toeg： My mother bought me a bike. 其被动句为: I was bought a bike by my mother. = A bike was bought for me by my mother.(3)有些词如系动词taste, feel, look, smell, sound 等,以及 sell 作 “销量(好坏)讲时常用主动语态表达被动的意思.Eg: This song sounds gentle. 这首歌听起来轻柔. Many kinds of books sell well. 许多种类的书销量不错.(4)有些词,如happen=take place “发生, belong to “属于,没有变动语态.Eg: The necklace belongs to me. 这个项链属于我. 2. 本单元要掌握的句型 见课本P69 中的Grammar Focus 3. invent v. 创造 inventor n. 创造家 invention n. 创造 可数名词4. be used for doing用来做(是被动语态) 如： Pens are used for writing. 笔是用来写的。 Pens arent used for eating. 笔不是用来吃的。5. 给某人某样东西give sth. to sb. 如：I gave a pen to him. 我给他一支笔。 give sb. sth. I gave him a pen. 我给他一支笔。6. all day 整天7. salty adj. 咸的 salt n. 盐8. by mistake 错误地 如： I took the umbrella by mistake. 我不小心拿错了雨伞。9. make sb./sth. +形容词 使怎么样 It made me happy. 它使我快乐 make sb./sth. +名词 让做 It made me laugh. 它让我发笑B学习过程【学习过程】之Section A 1a2c一.自主学习学习任务一: 熟练掌握本局部单词。学习任务二: 1. 看课本1a, 试讨论When were they invented？完成1a。2.听读说训练：a. 听一听，搭配排序，完成1b。b. 根据1b信息,练习对话c. 听一听，,完成2a, 2b.学习任务三: 1.角色扮演2c中对话，小组内编对话，练习，选代表进行呈现。 2.记住下面Grammar focus中的重点句子二.合作探究1. When was it invented?invent v. 创造，创造 例如：He has invented a new way of making silk. 他创造了一种制造丝绸的新方法。Do you know who invented computers? 你知道谁创造的电脑吗？【拓展】invent, create, find & discover(1)invent “创造；创造，指制造、创造出新事物。(2)create “ 创造；创作；创立，强调从无到有，表示创造具体的东西，也课表示创造抽象的东西。(3)find “发现；找到强调结果。(4)discover “发现；觉察指初次看见本来已存在但以前未被发现的事物。Exercises: 使用invent, create, find & discover填空。Columbus America but he did not explore the continent.(大陆)They looked for the bag everywhere, but in the end they didnt it. We must work hard to a harmonious society.(和谐社会) We all know that Alexander Bell the telephone.2Theyre used for seeing in the dark.它们被用于在黑夜里观看。be used for表示“被用来做，介词for表示目的和用途，后面接名词或动词-ing形式。Wood can be used for making paper.木材可以被用来造纸。【拓展】含有be used的常用短语：1be used as表示“被用作，介词as意思是“作为的意思，其后一般接名词，强调使用的工具及手段。This book can be used as a textbook.这本书可以当作教科书来用。2be used by表示“被使用，by后接动作的执行者。This kind of machine is used by farmers for getting in crops.3Battery-operated slippers were invented by Julie Thompson.电池控制的拖鞋是朱莉。汤普森创造的。operate v. 操作，作业【拓展】1operate v. 操作，作业 例如：Can you operate the computer? 你会用电脑吗？2operate v. 动手术，用于operate on sb. “给某人做手术。例如：The doctor will operate on his mother at once. 那位医生将马上为他的母亲动手术。3operate v. 经营，管理 例如：The company operates ten factories. 这家公司经营着10家工厂。4operation n. 手术 例如：She had an operation for stomach. 她做过胃部手术。三.诊断评价翻译以下句子1.世界上许多国家都讲英 English_ _ in many countries all over the world .speak 2.纸是中国创造的。 Paper _ _ in China.invent3.这栋大楼是去年建造的。 The building _ _last year.build4.他父亲应该不会让他娶玛丽为妻的。 He_ _ to marry Mary by his father.allow5.这本小说去年已被译成了几种语言。 This novel_ _ into several languages last year . translate【学习过程】之Section A 3a4一.自主学习学习任务一: 讨论史上最有用的创造和史上最烦人的创造学习任务二: 和伙伴讨论你们所选出的创造，进行对话练习学习任务三: 荒野求生 你会选什么呢？why？二.能力提升 伙伴合作：按要求完成4中的表格 三、合作探究1. What do you think is the most helpful invention? 你认为什么是最有用的创造？ 1)do you think 在此处用作插入语，常置于疑问词之后，不可置于疑问词前。如：_ do you think _ _ us English?你认为谁将教我们英语_do you think our life _ _ _ in 100 years? 你认为一百年后我们的生活会是什么样？ 2)-ful构成的形容词：carecareful wonder wonderful use useful forget forgetful 2. I think it would be better to have 我认为拥有将是更好的。 Its better (for sb.) to do sth. 意思是“某人最好做某事， it 为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。如： It is better for you to walk to school. =You _ _ walk to school.四.诊断评价 练习册 大家赶紧完成啊！不要拖了！【课后反思】詹大悲中学初三英语导学案：Unit 9 When was it invented？Section B课 型读写课主备人洪亮审核人使用人序 号备课时间审核时间使用时间班 级姓 名学习目标1、熟练掌握被动语态用法。2、学会用被动语态表达对创造和创造事物的认识和看法。33、掌握词汇及短语:学习重点1主动结构的宾语变为被动结构的主语；2主动结构的谓语动词由主动语态变为被动语态；3主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必强调时，by短语可以省略。4主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致：We repaired the motor. The motor was repaired by us.学习难点同上A 课前预习预习词汇：布置学生预习词汇，能够根据音标，读出单词。陌生或不熟的要自己补充理解，更不要假装在看，实那么发愣！10. by accident 意外 偶然 I met her by accident at bus stop. 我在公共汽车站意外地见到了她。11. notuntil 直到才做 如：I didnt go to bed until I finished my work. 我直到完成我的工作才去睡觉。12. according to +名词 根据 如： according to an legendaccording to this article根据这篇文章 根据一个神话13. over an open fire 野饮 14. leaf n. 叶子 复数形式 leaves15. nearby adj. 附近的 如： the nearby river16. fall into 落入掉进 如：The leaf fell into the river. 叶子落入了河里。fall down 摔倒 如：She fell down from her bike. 她从她自行车摔倒了。17. quite 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的后面 如： quite a beautiful girl 一个漂亮的女孩 very 非常 adv. 与冠词a连用时，冠词a必须放在它的前面 如： a very beautiful girl 一个漂亮女孩 注：当不与冠词a 连用时，两者可以互用 如： I am very happy.= I am quite happy. 我非常快乐。18. in the way 这样 19. pleased adj. 表示外部因素引起人发自内心的欣慰和愉快 pleasant adj. 愉快 快乐 指天气、时间、旅行令人快乐愉快 please v. 使快乐 使同意20. batteryoperated adj. 电池控制的是名词+动词的运动分词构成的合成形容词21. in the sixth century 在第6世纪 22. travel around 周游23. more than = over 超过 如： more than 300 = over 300 超过300B 学习过程 【学习过程】之SectionB 1a4一.自主学习学习任务一1.自学Section B 1a 根据要求填适宜的形容口味的单词。2.听录音，完成2a 3.听录音，完成2b。4.伙伴练习，根据2a，2b中的信息，角色扮演对话。学习任务二:1.个人自学3a,完成短文后的四个问题，完成3b3.翻译并掌握重点句和短语，熟读短文。课前自测：1.世界上最流行的饮料 2.偶然的 3.三千多年 4.一个古老的中国传说 5.在明火上方 6.附近的一种灌木 7.散发出令人愉快的气味 8.决定做某事 9.世上最受欢送的饮料之一 10.馅饼盘子 11.飞盘 12.能听会写的钢笔 13.不够咸 14.酸味 15.在六世纪 16.比起更喜欢 4. 全班活动。活动一：创造一种东西，替你做你不想做的事情活动二：向一名悭吝的商人推销你的创造二.合作探究1. Although tea wasnt brought to the Western world until 1610，this beverage was discovered over three thousand years before that 虽然茶直到1610年才被带到西方国家，但是这种饮料早在那之前的三千多年前就被发现了。although 作连词, 意为 “虽然,尽管,引导让步状语从句, 我们不能根据汉语习惯, 在后面使用连词but, 不过它可以与yet, still连用。notuntil 意为 “直到才，until 引导一个时间状语从句。He go to bed his father came home. 直到他爸爸回家时他才睡觉。2.According to 是个短语介词,意为 “根据;依照 the radio, it will rain tomorrow. 根据收音机说,明天有雨。3.fall into “落入, 陷入 He was drunk and fell into the water. 他酒醉跌落水中。4. The emperor noticed that the 1eaves in the water produced a pleasant smell帝王注意到水中的叶子发出一种怡人的气味。pleasant,pleased与pleasure的区别: pleasant形容词,用以修饰物, pleased形容词,用以修饰人， pleasure名词， It is a to meet you again. 再次见到你很快乐。It is very to have a cup of tea after dinner. 饭后喝一杯茶是很愉快的。The two friends were very to see each other again.这两个朋友再次见面感到非常快乐。Until的用法拓展 仅供学有余力的同学，要是越看越不明白就pass掉！1. until用于肯定句，和延续性动词连用：walk / work / wait / live+ until，例如：请大家补充notice remain的用法 I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。2. until用于否认句，与非延续性动词和心理状态动词连用。非延续性动词/瞬间动词：come / go / arrive / leave 心理状态动词：know / understand / realize I didnt get up until 12 oclock.She didnt arrive until 6 oclock.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。I didnt understand it until you had explained it.直到你教我后，我才懂。3. until 与till：1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 -Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？ - Until next Monday.呆到下周一。倒装：Not until在句首，主句用倒装。Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。强调句型：It is not until thatIt was not until the early years of the 19th century that man knew what heat is.It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.三.诊断评价句型转换1. Shoes with adjustable heels were invented by Jayce Coziar and Jamie Ellsworth. (对划线局部提问) shoes with adjustable heels invented by?2. Electric slippers were invented two years ago. (对划线局部提问) electric slippers invented?3. Battery-operated slippers were invented in 1970.(用Julie Tompson作主语改写句子) battery-operated slippers in 1970.4. Someone saw him swim in the lake yesterday. (该为被动语态) He swim in the lake yesterday.【学习过程】之Self-check一.自主学习学习任务一: .完成Self check, 学会用所给词造句，熟读课文并记住重点句。学习任务二: 请调查以下物品的历史，写一篇完整的文章，注意连词和过渡语有关它们的简介二.诊断评价 练习册 大家赶紧完成啊！不要拖了！【课后反思】初中英语作文常用谚语推荐古老的谚语，是文化的沉淀和结晶来学学下面这些高频谚语让它为咱们的作文增加闪光点1.Practice makes perfect. 熟能生巧。 2.God helps those who help themselves. 天助自助者。 3.Easier said than done. 说起来容易做起来难。 4.Where there is a will,there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 5.One false step will make a great difference. 失之毫厘，谬之千里。 6.Slow and steady wins the race. 稳扎稳打无往而不胜。 7.A fall into the pit,a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 8.Experience is the mother of wisdom. 实践出真知。 9.All work and no play makes jack a dull boy. 只工作不玩耍，聪明孩子也变傻。 11.More hasty,less speed. 欲速那么不达。 12.Its never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。 13.All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的未必都是金子。 14.A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.千里之行始于足下。 15.Look before you leap. 三思而后行。 16.Rome was not built in a day. 伟业非一日之功。 17.Great minds think alike. 英雄所见略同。 18.well begun,half done. 好的开始等于成功的一半。 19.It is hard to please all. 众口难调。 20.Out of sight,out of mind. 眼不见，心不念。 21.Facts speak plainer than words. 事实胜于雄辩。 22.Call back white and white back. 颠倒黑白。 23.First things first. 凡事有轻重缓急。 24.Ill news travels fast. 坏事传千里。 25.A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难见真情。 26.live not to eat,but eat to live. 活着不是为了吃饭，吃饭为了活着。 27.Action speaks louder than words. 行动胜过语言。 28.East or west,home is the best. 金窝银窝不如自家草窝。 29.Its not the gay coat that makes the gentleman. 君子在德不在衣。 30.Beauty will buy no beef. 漂亮不能当饭吃。 31.Like and like make good friends. 趣味相投。 32.The older, the wiser. 姜是老的辣。 33.Do as Romans do in Rome. 入乡随俗。 34.An idle youth,a needy age. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 35.As the tree,so the fruit. 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。 詹大悲中学初三英语导学案：Unit 9 When was it invented？Reading课 型阅读课主备人洪亮审核人使用人序 号备课时间审核时间使用时间班 级姓 名学习目标1能通读全文理解大意，完成相关的问题。2学习完本文后对篮球的历史有相关的了解。学习重点学习被动语态的用法学习难点学习被动语态的用法A课前预习24. including prep. 介词 包括 可以与名词和动名词连用 如: Six people, including a baby, were hurt. 6个人包括一个小孩受伤了。25. have been played 被上演 是现在完成时的被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态的结构：have /has been +过去分词26. be born 出生 He was born in Canada. 他在加拿大出生27. safety n. 平安 safe adj. 平安的28. knock into 撞上(某人)29. divide sth. into 将划分成.通常指将一个整体分成几个对应相对的局部 如：Lets divide ourselves into 4groups. 让我们把我们自己划成4组。30. since then 自从那以后 常与完成时 态连用 如：Since then, I have left Beijing. 自从那以后，我已经离开了北京。B 学习过程一、导入 小组讨论 讨论1a的2个问题，总结小组的答案二、阅读训练 阅读策略：制定头脑的地图，把你阅读到的信息在大脑中转换成图片，这样就会更容易掌握短文中的信息。1.独立阅读短文，用铅笔画出不懂的地方，通过查阅资料等方式理解本文大意2.单独完成section3 After you read 局部三 合作探究在理解课文中，以下内容或许会帮助你！1 How popular is each sport?Rank them(1-8)in the right order of popularity.每项运动有多流行？用1-8按流行度排列他们How popular is sth.?某物有多流行？Eg.-How popular is ?这种袜子有多流行 -Oh,almost every girl in the street wears a pair.街上的女孩几乎人人都穿。(1) in the order of 以的顺序eg.Mr Song talked to us one dy one ?宋老师按座次。的顺序挨个找我们谈话(2) keep sth. in order维持秩序 Some teacher find difficult to .一些老师发现维持课堂秩序很难(3) give the order to do sth.下令做 The general advance.将军下令前进。(4) take orders from sb. 执行某人命令 Eve only the manager.伊芙只执行经理的命令。(5) in order to do sth. 为了以便 get a complete picture,further information .为掌握全面情况，还需要更多信息。(6) in order that 为了，后跟从句 She worked hard she could get a good chance.她努力工作以便可以得到更好的时机。(7) out of order 有毛病，出故障 The cellphone .这 坏了。2.This much-loved and active sport is enjoyed by many,for fun and exercise.这项深受喜爱的有活力的运动被许多人喜欢，用以娱乐和锻炼。(1)much-loved 备受喜爱的，至爱的 eg.Can you stand one get hurt?看到你至爱的人受到伤害，你受得了吗？ well-loved 深受爱戴的eg.After years hard work,Pu Cunxing has become actor. 经过多年的努力，濮存昕已成为深受人们爱戴和尊敬的演员。(2)active 活动的，活泼的，积极地 my grandpa is nearly 90,he is still very . 尽管我爷爷近90了，他仍然很活泼。a.The child has a very .那个小孩的想象力十分丰富。b.Everyone should school life.人人都应积极参加学校活动(3)actively 副词，积极地 eg, Your proposal .你的提议正得到认真考虑。activity 名词，活动 eg,The club provides many , tennis and swimming. 本俱乐部提供包括网球和游泳在内的许多活动。3.It is played by more than 100 million people in over 200 countries including China,where basketball has been played in parks ,school,and even in factories.包括中国在内的200多个国家里有1亿多人在打篮球，在公园里，学校甚至工厂里都有人在打篮球。Where引导的定语从句用逗号与主句隔开，是非限定性定语从句。类似的句子有：I will never forget your house, I spoke in front of so many people for the first time.我永远不会忘记你家，在那里我第一次在那么多人面前讲话。4.Basketball was invented by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith ,who was born in 1861.篮球是有一个叫詹姆斯。奈史密斯的加拿大医生创造的，他出生于1861.Who was born in 1861是非限定性定语从句，用逗号与主句隔开，。Eg,Do you know the beautiful actress called Zhou Dongyu, starred the movie Under the Hawthorn Tree? 你知道主演?山楂树之恋?的那个叫周冬雨的女演员吗？Water, is a clear liquid , .水是一种清澈的液体，有许多用途。5.When he was at college,his class was once asked to invent a new game that could be played indoors during the long winters. 上大学时，他的班级曾被要求创造一种能在漫长的冬季在室内玩的游戏。1be asked to do sth. 被要求做某事 eg: All the teachers in our college .我们学院所有老师都被要求穿制服2indoors 副词，在户内 Many herbs and they can grow very well. 许多草本植物都能在室内种植并长得好。Youd better .你最好呆在室内。The heavy rain stopped them eating .大雨阻止了他们在外野餐。6.Dr Naismith created a game to be played on a hard wooden floor, so the safety of the players was important.奈史密斯医生创造了一种要在坚硬的木质地板上玩的运动，因此队员的平安是很重要的。create 创造，创作，创立。creator, 创造者 creation 创作物典例：At least 300 million people are using QQ by Ma Huateng to chat online. A. create B.creats C.creating D.created7.Knocking into players and falling down would be dangerous. 队员相互碰撞和跌倒都将是很危险的。knock 短语脱口秀： knock at, knock on 敲敲门， 敲敲窗 knock over, knockdown 打翻杯子，推倒墙 knock against 撞或碰，knock into 撞上谁典例：The old man a policeman while listening to the MP5 given by his little daughter. A. knocked on B. knocked into C. knocked down into D. knocked over8.Dr Naismith divided the men in his class into two teams and taught them how to play his new game.奈史密斯医生把班上的男生分成两组教他们玩这种游戏。 本句中的divide.into是动介短语， My father the cake four pieces.我爸爸把蛋糕分成4块典例：In ZDB School,students are often (分成)groups to discuss difficult problems.9.The aim of basketball is for players to get a ball into the “basket：a net hanging from a metal hoop. 篮球运动的目标是让运发动把球投入篮筐：一个悬挂在金属圈下的网。aim 的用法:1the aim of 的目标 She went to Shenzhen with .他去深圳是为了赚钱。2aim at 力求到达 We the first prize .我们力求拿到一等奖。3aim to do sth. 力求做某事 The government reduce the air pollution.政府力求减少大气污染。4be aimed at 目的是，旨在 These measures protecting wildlife. 这些措施旨在保护野生生物。hang 的用法：1垂下hung,hungHe his head in shame. 他羞愧地低下头。2挂在墙hung,hungSeveral paintings in the sitting room. 几幅画挂在客厅里3绞死，施以绞刑hanged,hangedNanthan Hill at last.内森。希尔最后被绞死了。10.Players shoot from below the basket and may use the “backboard for guiding the ball into the basket. 运发动从蓝下他投球，可以利用“篮板指引球进入篮筐。shoot的用法：1shoot at sb. 朝某人开枪 Dont .别朝我开枪。 2go shooting 打猎 They .他们去户外打猎去了。below与under 用法辨析：below 指一物的位置低于另一物，但不一定在正下方;还可以用于计量单位或刻度。 The Green family live in the apartment .格林一家住在我们楼下的公寓里。 Venice is now several meters the sea level. 威尼斯现在在海平面一下好几米了。而under 指两事物的空间立体性，且多指垂直;还表示“少于The ball is the table. 球在桌子的下面。 All our pants are 20 dollars. 所有我们的裤子都低于20 美元。11.It is believed that. 相当于people believe that.是“人们相信/认为的意思， It is believed that by the year 2021, the population of the world will be seven billion.= that by the year 2021, the population of the world will be seven billion.人们都认为到2021年，世界人口将到达七十亿。还有It is said that. 据说 It is reported that. 据报道 It is supposed that.据猜测四、诊断评价 练习册 大家赶紧完成啊！不要拖了！课后反思：
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