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word一般现在时、一般过去时时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句一般现在时1 be动词用am/is/are表示，之后接名词，形容词或介词。often;usually;every;sometimes;always;never;once/twice/ a week/month/year;on Sundays/Mondays/.;一般现在时表示没有时限的持久存在的习惯性的动作或状态，或现阶段反复发生的动作或状态，或一般真理述句：I am an office worker.He is so lazy.They are at home now.否定句： I am not Tim.She is not very beautiful.They are not in the office.一般疑问句：Are you an officeassistant? Is she beautiful?2行为动词用V原形或V-s/es，引导疑问句和否定句，用do或dont；第三人称时用does或doesnt,有does出现动词用原形；第三人称述句V后加s或es.述句：I work in Shanghai.He works at home.Davy never watches TV at home.否定句: I dont like the food in KFC.Davy doesnt like the food in KFC either.一般疑问句:Do you want a cup of coffee? Does she live near thesubway station?一般过去时。1be动词用过去式was或 were表示。yesterday;the day before yesterday;last week/month/year/.; ago;a moment ago;just now;on/in+过去的时间;在过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。述句：I was a big boss.He was beautiful.We were in Beijing last year.否定句: I was not at home at that moment.We were not at work yesterday.一般疑问句: Were you a teacher?Was she in the office last week?2行为动词用V-ed，述句，疑问句和否定句借助于did,有did出现动词用原形。述句：I worked in Sunmoon.We studied English there. He lived inHongKong.否定句: I didnt work here.They didnt see me. She liked English a lot.一般疑问句: Did you go to America?Did he work in Sunmoon?一般将来时、过去将来时时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句一般将来时1 任何人称+will+V原形.tomorrow,the day after tomorrow;soon;next week/month/year/.;the week/month/year/. after next;on/in +将来的时间；in+一段时间；.即将发生动作或状态。述句：I will fly to Hong Kong tomorrow.He will go with us.We will arrive in Shanghai next week.否定句:I will never believe you again.He will not e tonight.We will not buy a car next year.一般疑问句:Will you go there by train?Will he e tomorrow?Will they live a five-star hotel?2 is/am/are+going to+V原形，表示计划打算做什么事情。述句：Im going to go to Hong Kong by air.否定句:We are not going to buy a house here.一般疑问句:Are they going to change their jobs?特殊疑问句:How are you going to tell him?过去将来时was/were going to +V原形多用在宾语从句中在过去将会发生的动作。述句：I was going to buy a puter.They told me that they were not going to go abroad.（间接引语）否定句:I was not going to buy a puter.任何人称+would +V原形He said he would e in Shanghai.I said I would buy you a car one day.现在进行时、过去进行时时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句现在进行时is/am/are+V-ingnow；at present;at themoment;Look!(放在句首);Listen! (放在句首);表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。述句：Im waiting for my boy friend.He is doing the housework at home now.We are enjoying ourselves.否定句:He is not playing toys.一般疑问句:Are you having dinner at home?Is Tim cooking in the kitchen?特殊疑问句:What are you doing now?Where are they having a meal?过去进行时was/were+V-ingat that time;at this time yesterday;at+时间点+yesterday/last night;at that moment;过去一段时间正在发生的事情。述句：I was doing my homework at that time.We were having a party while he was sleeping.否定句:He was not sleeping at 11 oclock last night.一般疑问句: Were you watching TV at that time?特殊疑问句: What were you doing at that moment?现在完成时、过去完成时时态名称结构常连用的词主要用法例句现在完成时have/has+ p.p（过去分词）already；just；before;yet(否定句中)；ever；never；once/twice/for+一段时间；since +时间点；since+一段时间+ago;by+现在时间；so far; up to now; till now; until now;recently/lately;during/over/in the past/last.用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。述句：I have already told Davy. Davy has known this matter.He has lived here for nearly 10 years.否定句:I havent finished my homework.Tim hasnt e yet.We havent heard any news about him一般疑问句: Has he worked here since he came here?特殊疑问句: How long have you worked in this pany?特别注意：1.have/has alwaysbeen+名词/形容词/介词：总是或一直是什么样子。He has always been a good father. I have always been busy.They have always been in America.2.have/has gone to:去了某地（未归）He has gone to Beijing.They have gone to the cinema.3.have/has been to:表示去过或到过某地I have been to Canada. Have you been to Hong Kong?Where have you been? I have never been here.过去完成时had +过去分词过去的过去：by+过去的时间(在XX之前，不迟于)；表“过去某动作或时间以前”的时间状语。动作发生在过去的过去。述句：He said he had told Davy.（间接引语）He left the office after he had called Davy.By the end of the day we had sold over 2000 tickets.否定句:She hadnt had dinner before she went out.一般疑问句:Had she learnt English before she moved here?特殊疑问句:how many English words had he learnt by the end of last year?英语时态举例Simple Present一般现在时Simple Past一般过去时Simple Future一般将来时句子结构:主语+VIstudyEnglish everyday.我每天都学习英语.句子结构:主语+V-edTwo years ago, IstudiedEnglish in America.两年前,我在美国学英语.句子结构:主语+will+V. If you are having problems, Iwill helpyou study English.如果你在学习英语当中,遇到问题,我将帮助你.句子结构:主语+be going to+VIm going to studyEnglish next year.我明年将开始学习英语.Present Continuous现在进行时Past Continuous过去进行时Future Continuous将来进行时句子结构:主语+be+doingIam studyingEnglish now.我正在学习英语.句子结构:主语+was/were+doingIwas studyingEnglish whenyou called yeaterday.你昨天给我打的时候,我正在学习英语.句子结构:主语+will be+doingIwill be studyingEnglish when you arrive tonight.明晚你来的时候,我会正在学习英语.句子结构:主语+be going to+be+doingIm going to be studyingEnglish when you arrive tonight.同上.Present Perfect现在完成时Past Perfect过去完成时Future Perfect将来完成时句子结构:主语+have/has doneIhave studiedEnglish in several different countries.在一些国家,我已经学习了英语.句子结构:主语+had doneIhad studieda little English before I moved to the U.S.在我搬去美国之前,我已经学习了一点英语.句子结构:主语+will+have doneIwill have studiedevery tense by the time I finish this course.在我完成这个课程的时候,我已经能完成英语时态的学习了.句子结构:主语+be going to+have doneIm going to have studiedevery tense by the time I finish this course.同上.Present Perfect Continuous现在完成进行时Past Perfect Continuous过去完成进行时Future Perfect Continuous将来完成进行时句子结构:主语+have/has been doingIhave been studyingEnglish for ten years.我已经学习英语有十年的时间了.句子结构:主语+had been doingIhad been studyingEnglish for ten years before I moved to the U.S.在我搬去美国之前,我已经学习了十年的英语了.句子结构:主语+will have been doingIwill have been studyingEnglish for over three hours by the time you arrive.明晚你来的时候,我已经学习英语3个小时了.句子结构:主语+be going to have been doingIm going to have been studying English for over three hours by the time you arrive同上.详细讲解-一般现在时通常以动词原形表示。主语为第三人称单数时，用现单三形式。动词be和have(表示“拥有”)各人称的单数形式为：第一人称单数 第二人称单数 第三人称单数Have Have Have HasBe Am Are i s一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：动词be 与 have（表示“拥有”）：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表：否定式&疑问式Be Have Be HaveI am not (Im not) I have not (havent) Am i? Have i?You are not (arent) You have not (havent) Are you? Have you?He is not (isnt) He has not (hasnt) Is he ? Has he ?动词be 的否定疑问式和简单回答：否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答Am I not (arent i)? Yes, you are. No, you arentAre you not (arent you)? Yes, I am. No, Im not.Is he not (isnt he)? Yes, he is. No, he isnt动词be 与 have(表示“拥有”)：否定式直接把not放在动词之后，疑问式直接把动词放在主语之前，见下表：否定式 疑问式Be Have Be HaveI am not (Im not) I have not (havent) Am i? Have I ?You are not (arent) You have not (havent) Are you ? Have you?He is not (isnt) He has not (hasnt) Is he ? Has he ?动词have(表示“拥有”) 的否定疑问式和简单回答：否定疑问式 肯定回答 否定回答Have I not (havent i)? Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (havent you)? Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (hasnt he)? Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.注意：have 作为行为动词则只能按照行为动词的规则变化。行为动词（以study为例）一般现在时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答（注意要加助动词do/does）否定式 疑问式I do not (dont) study Do I studyYou do not (dont) study Do you studyHe does not (doesnt) study Does he study否定疑问句式 简单回答（肯定/否定）Do I not (Dont I) study? Yes, I do. No, I dont.Do you not (Dont you) study? Yes, you do. No, you dont.Does he not (Doesnt he) study? Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.详细讲解-现在进行时、一般过去时由助动词be 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，有三种形式：第一人称单数用am, 第三人称单数用is, 其他用are。现在进行时的否定式是：直接在助动词be后面加上not；疑问式是：把助动词be提到主语之前。以study 为例：否定式疑问式I am not studyingAm I studying?You are not studying,Are you studying?He is not studying.Is he studying?一般过去时一般过去时通常由动词过去式表示。一般过去时的否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式要用助动词do 的过去式did, 同时注意实义动词要用原形。以study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I did not (didnt) study.Did I study?You did not (didnt) study.Did you study?He did not (didnt) study.Did he study?否定疑问式简单回答 （肯定/否定）Did I not (Didnt I) study?Yes, you did. No, you didnt.Di you not (Didnt you) study?Yes, I did. No, I didnt.Did he not (Didnt he) study?Yes, he did. No, he didnt.详细讲解-过去进行时、过去完成时过去进行时由助动词be 的过去式 现在分词构成。其中be有人称和数的变化，第一、第三人称单数用was，其他用were.1）过去进行时动词主要表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行或持续进行的动作。过去进行时经常与过去时配合使用。例如：This time yesterday, we were having an English lesson. 昨天这个时候，我们正在上英语课。The teacher was giving us a lesson when Tom walked into the room.老师在给我们上课时，汤姆走进教室。While we were having supper, all the lights went out. 我们吃饭的时候，灯灭了。He was reading while she was setting the table. 她摆桌子时，他在读书。It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑下来了。风势增强了。2）过去进行时动词常用always, continually, frequently 等词连用，表示过去经常发生的行为。这种用法表明带有的感情色彩。例如：The two brothers were frequently quarreling when they were young. 两兄弟小时候常吵架。In Qing Dynasty, China was always making concessions to western powers. 清朝时，中国总是对西方列强妥协。过去完成时一律用had + 过去分词构成。用法：1）表示发生在过去某一时间或动作之前的事情，即“过去的过去”。用过去完成时，必须有一个过去的时间或动作来作参照，说明在此之前某事已发生。如果两个动作都是在过去发生的，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。例如：She told me she had been there three times before. 她告诉我她以前到过那里三次。（“去过”发生在“告诉”之前）How long had he taught here by the end of last term? 到上学期末为止，他在这里教学多长时间啦？ （“教学”发生在上学期末结束之前）When we arrived, the football match had already begun. 我们到的时候，足球赛已经开始了。She had visited China twice before she came this year. 她今年来中国之前已访问过中国两次了。2）过去完成时动词可以表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或呈现的状态，这一动作一直持续到过去这一时刻或将继续下去。例如：By the middle of last month, I had lived in Beijing for five years. 到上月中旬，我已在住了五年了。By six oclock they had worked for eight hours. 到六点为止，他们已工作八小时了。When I came to Shanghai, he had been there for a long time. 我到时，他在那里很长时间了。3）过去完成时动词常用于间接引语和虚拟语气，我们以后会详细讲述。4）此外，过去完成时常用于 no soonerthan 和 hardly(scarcely) when 这两个句型，前面部分用过去完成时，后面部分用一般过去时。例如：No sooner had he stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. = He had no sooner stolen the purse than he was caught red-handed. 他刚偷到钱包就被当场抓获。Saddam had hardly realized what was happening when he was captured. = Hardly had Saddam realized what was happening when he was captured. 萨达姆还没有意识到在发生什么事情就被抓获了。详细讲解-过去完成进行时 、一般将来时过去完成进行时had been + 动词的现在分词。用法：表示一直持续到过去某个时间的行为动作，此行为动作或刚结束、或还没结束（可以从上下文看出）。这一时态经常与一般过去时一起使用。例如：When he came in, I had been trying to repair the TV for a couple of hours. 他进来的时候，我一直在努力修理电视机好几个小时了The roads were dangerous. It had been raining for two whole days. 道路很危险。雨一直下了两整天。They were tired because they had been digging since dawn. 他们累了，因为从天亮开始他们就一直在挖。The boy was delighted with the new mountain bike. He had been hoping for one for a long time. 那男孩得到一辆新山地自行车很高兴。很长时间来他一直希望有一辆。一般将来时一般将来时动词表示将来发生的动作或情况。主要有以下几种表现形式：（1）shall/will + 动词原形表示单纯的将来，不涉及主语的主观意愿。第一人称I, we用shall 或will，其余用will. 其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式 疑问式I shall/will not study. Shall I study?You will not study. Will you study?He will not study. Will he study?否定疑问式 简单回答（肯定/否定）Shall I not (shant i) study? Yes, you will. No, you wont.Will you not (Wont you) study? Yes, I shall/will. No, I shant/wont.Will he not (Wont he) study.? Yes, he will. No, he wont.例如：I shall be twenty years old next year. 我明年二十岁。The sky is black. I think it will rain. 天黑下来了。我想可能会下雨。You will meet him at the station this afternoon. 你下午会在车站碰到他。The train will arrive soon. 火车快要到了。When shall we see you next time? 我们下次什么时候能看见你呢？He probably wont go with us. ?他大概不能和我们一起去。注意：1）shall, will的缩写形式为ll, 如Ill, youll, hell 和shell等。2）will 用于第一人称时，可以表示将来的意愿、决心、允诺、命令等；shall用于第二、三人称时，可以表示说话人的将来的意愿。例如：I will give you a new pen for your birthday. 我将送你一支新钢笔作为生日礼物。（允诺）I will take the college entrance examination. 我将参加大学入学考试。（决心）Shall I open the window?我打开窗户好吗？（征求允诺）You shall have the book as soon as I get it. 我一拿到书就给你。（说话人的允诺）The enemy shall not pass.决不让敌人通过。（说话人的保证）I will do my best to help you.我愿意尽力帮助你。（意愿）Nobody shall be late for the meeting. 任何人开会都不能迟到。（说话人的命令）（2）be going + 动词不定式1）这种结构表示主体现在打算在最近或将来要做某事。这种打算往往是事先考虑好的。例如：My brother is going to learn English next year.我哥哥准备明年学英语。I am going to meet Tom at the station at six. 我六点钟要到火车站去接汤姆。She is not going to be there.她不会到那儿去的。When are you going to finish your work?你的工作什么时候做完？He is going to stay a week.他准备呆一星期。We are going to call a meeting to discuss it. 我们准备开个会来讨论一下。2）这种结构还可以表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为非常可能即将发生某事。例如：Look at these black clouds？it is going to rain. 看这些乌云？要下雨了。I think it is going to snow. 我看要下雪。I am afraid I am going to have a bad cold. ?恐怕我要得重感冒。详细讲解-将来进行时将来进行时shall/will be + 现在分词用法：将来进行时动词表示在将来某一段时间将会发生的动作。This time next week we shall be working in that factory. 下星期这时候，我们将在那个工厂劳动。When I get up tomorrow morning, my mother will be getting breakfast for me. 当我明天早晨起床时，我妈妈将在为我准备早饭。I will be seeing him next month.我下个月将要见他。Tomorrow we will be going to the village fair.?我们明天去赶集。We will be taking our holiday at the seaside in July.七月份我们要去海边度假。一般将来时与将来进行时都表示将来，那么如何区别一般将来时和将来进行时呢？将来进行时不表示个人意愿，强调主观上感觉某事即将发生，并对这一事情有着期待，感情色彩较浓，强调动作。一般将来时主要是对某一事情即将发生做一个事实性的说明或述，强调事实或意愿。详细讲解-过去将来时、将来完成时过去将来时（1）由should/would + 动词原形构成。第一人称用should; 第二、三人称用would。美国英语所有人称一律用would. should/would 的简略形式为d, 如Id, youd; would not 和should not的简略形式分别为wouldnt 和shouldnt.（2）过去将来时表示从过去某时间看将要发生的事情，多用在宾语从句中。还可以表示过去的倾向或过去经常发生的事情。如：They asked me if I would go to Guangzhou soon. 他们问我是否很快要去。She told me she would e again next week. 她和我说她下周还来。I told him to leave immediately, but he wouldnt. 我告诉他马上离开，但他不。Hed play the violin when he was in low spirits. 他情绪低落的时候，就拉小提琴。When I was in college, I would find a part-time job during the summer holidays every year to earn my tuition. 我上大学的时候，每年暑假都找份临时工挣学费。（3）其他表示过去将来时的结构：将来完成时shall/will + have + 过去分词用法：将来完成时动词主要表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前完成的动作，这一动作也可能继续进行。例如：By seven oclock this afternoon we shall have got to Shanghai if the train keeps good line. 如果火车运行正常，我们今天下午七点就到了。Before bedtime Xiao Ming will have pleted his work. 到上床睡觉的时候，小明会做完他的工作（或作业）。By February next year this foreign expert will have been here on this job for five years. 到明年二月，这个外国专家在这儿做这项工作就满五年了。By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. ?到2008年9月，将举行完了奥运会。13 / 13
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