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word“读写任务式作文写作训练Focus: 30词的摘要怎么写？限时训练十五作文阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。As we all know, the “(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival period has been a hot phrase all through the China land.The volume of passenger traffic(客运量) reaches its climax before and after the Spring Festival. Especially, the number of those who decide to go back to their hometown by train is increasing rapidly, so it promotes the short of the tickets of passenger train. Luckily, the Ministry of Railways(铁道部) has e up with solutions. For instance, it arranges extra trains during the peak time for passenger transport as well as opens 24-hour ticket sales windows for passengers in order to ease the traffic pressure. Moreover, it helps to deliver train tickets to the doorsteps, providing convenience for passengers.One thing that has to be mentioned this year is about start of selling tickets on-line this year. For one thing, it to some degree shortens the time of purchasing tickets. However, most of the passengers are migrant workers returning home for Spring Festival. They are not familiar with the process of buying tickets and as a result cannot buy the tickets on time. What is worse, many puters selling tickets broke down under too much pressure of operation. Therefore, many people blame such a method in that it doesnt suit nowadays situation.以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。【忌照抄原句！忌添加自己观点！30词左右！】1. 以约120个词对“春运进一步叙写，内容包括：1自己亲身经历或者听闻的一次火车春运的状况；【第一人称，过去时】2“网上售票引起人们不满的原因；【乘客主体是农民工，不懂购票；系统本身不够先进。其实这两点可以从阅读材料中找到，但是必须用不同方式来表达】3给铁道部或者农民工提出解决“网上购票问题的合理化建议。【针对上一段提出的两方面问题来写】写作要求1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或者虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；2. 作文中不能出现真实某某和学校名称。评分标准概括准确，语言规X，内容适宜，语句连贯。【请你练习】划出每段关键词；替换成不同表达方式；关键词：transport during the Spring Festival period，solutions，selling tickets on-line，However, passengers，blameX文：Although it is as crowded as usual during the “transport during the Spring Festival period, many solutions have been raised. But this year, with another problem of buying tickets on-line appearing,many passengers are dissatisfied. Last year, I, together with my parents, went to our hometown by train. At that time, you can imagine how crowded it was in the railway station and how difficult it was for us to buy a ticket. Worse still, it was raining and we had to wait in queue patiently for our turn to buy tickets. This year, things are much better. We can buy tickets through Internet. However, some other problems appear.Reasons for the problems of buying tickets on-line are divided. For migrant workers, lacking the knowledge of handling puters has trapped them into trouble. Also, the ticket-selling system is not advanced enough to cope with difficult situations.To solve the problem, I suggest that not only should the Ministry of Railways update or better the ticket-selling system regularly but also provide more convenient and easy ways for migrant workers to buy tickets. As for migrant workers, they can learn to purchase their tickets on-line with the help of Internet or co-workers. Choosing other means of transportation to return back is also available.附：某某高考概括局部评分细如此：1完全糊涂地照抄原文，连人称都不改的，得0分；2机械死板地照抄原文，只改人称的，得1分；3稍微灵活地抄原文，改主语，宾语、原文词序的，得2分；4创造性地抄，改主语，宾语、原文词序还有句子结构的，最多得3分。5结构、用词，词性变化比拟好的4至5分。一、读写任务所提供的短文体裁多样包括：议论文、记叙文(如用一个故事引出一个话题或道理)、新闻报道/说明文说明一种现象等。题材多为当今社会热点问题，难度不会太高。用大约30词来概括这篇短文的意思，不能抄袭原文中的句子。要求概括精炼、到位。二、概括局部包含几种能力1、看清文章的体裁和结构，反映出原文中作者的观点。2、具有意义筛选的能力，学会区分事实和观点、重要和次要、普遍与特殊、相关与不相关、原因和结果等复杂的逻辑关系。3、有用英文解释英文的能力，用自己简单的语言解释比拟复杂的语言文字，不能抄袭原文。三、 不同文体的概括方式1、议论文-找出论点、结论， 再补充论据议论文的要点：论点 论据结论有的议论文是对两种不同观点或相反观点的论说，我们在作文时要把两种观点的内容都概括进去。第一篇More and more students are doing part-time jobs in holidays. There are many advantages in students doing part-time jobs. For example, earning some money can support them. They can also learn a lot which cant be learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people, get useful work experience and learn to value money. Thus they will apply themselves to society more easily. However, some people think there are also some disadvantages. Too much work may reduce students study time when they should get the best of their school life. Thus it will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed.写作内容 1)概括短文的内容要点，该局部的字数大约30词左右; 2)就“中学生应不应该从事假期打工这一话题发表你的看法，至少包括以下的内容要点，该局部大约120词左右; a)关于假期打工，你的看法是什么? b)陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。 c)如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会? 写作要求你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的论点，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不可抄袭阅读材料的句子。解题指导：步骤1认真阅读全文，确定议论文的根本结构，划出短文的论点和结论。More and more students are doing part-time jobs in holidays. There are many advantages in studentsdoing part-time jobs. For example, earning some money can support them. They can also learn a lot which cant be learned from textbooks. They will learn to get along with different kinds of people, get useful work experience and learn to value money. Thus they will apply themselves to society more easily. However, some people think there are also some disadvantages. Too much work may reduce students study time when they should get the best of their school life. Thus it will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. Another disadvantage is that money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed. 即：There are many advantages in students doing part-time jobs.步骤2在文中找出各论据，改写。论点:There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays. 论据一: Earning some money can support them. 论据二: They will apply themselves to society more easily. 论据三: It will have a bad effect on gaining knowledge. 论据四：Money earned, if not proper used, may lead to some bad habits, or even greed. 现在，练习用英文对上面的句子进展paraphrase (用英文解释英文)，完成对原文的概括。X文：【论点】There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays. 【论点一与论据】Some think its good for them, for they can not only earn some money but also get society experiences. 【论点二与抡据】Others think its harmful to students, which will have bad influence on their study and may make them get into bad habits步骤3完成对文章的概括步骤4就题目要求的内容一一作答，并明确你的现实情况与你的观点。你的观点可以是同意或者反对文章的观点，也可以对文章的各种观点进展折中。内容要点：a)关于假期打工，你的看法是什么?b) 如果你赞成打工，你将怎样对待学习；或者如果你赞成不打工，你将怎样了解社会?为了紧扣内容要点，建议使用航标式主题句来凸现我们的个人见解，例如： 1) I usually do (or not do ) part-time job2) In my opinion, 3) It is to do (or not do ) part-time job 4) Besides it 这样，第一，可以保证不离题，有的放矢地瞄准内容要点的要求；第二，可以帮助读者追踪我们的思路。步骤5你的观点的论据或支持句。陈述你赞成打工或不赞成打工的原因。步骤6总结或对你的观点扩展、升华。 最后，我们用一个总表来总结这篇文章的写作框架。同学们尝试写一下。 概括部分论点There are two different opinions about whether students should take a part-time job in holidays.论点一与论据论点二与论据个人见解局部你的现实情况你的观点论据一论据二附：英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: “一分为二的观点。如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响 。“两者选一的观点。如“乘火车还是乘飞机 。“我认为型。如“你对课外阅读的看法 。“怎样how to型。如“怎样克制学习中碰到的困难。第二篇阅读如下短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 The Internet was a great invention of the last century. With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown. Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. However, when we enjoy the advantages the Internet has brought us, we should not ignore (忽略) the disadvantages. The Internet also has many negative (消极的) effects on our life. Many young people have bee addicted (上瘾的)to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. Whats more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet. So many parents are even afraid of puters. 主题句: Because of the Internet, the world is more exciting, and our life is more colorful. The Internet also has many negative effects on our life.论点1之论据：With its invention, the whole world has been changed and our life has been changed, too. We can read books without going to libraries; we can do shopping without going to department stores; we can travel wherever we want to without leaving our home; we can talk to people known or unknown.论点2之论据：Many young people have bee addicted (上瘾的) to online chatting and playing games. The longer they stay on1ine, the more difficult it is for them to live in the real world. Whats more, some students even will give up their studies once they get into the habit of surfing on the Internet.改写概括：Since its invention, the Internet has changed the whole world and is making our life more and more exciting, colorful and easier. But the addiction to it has bee a great danger .第三篇阅读如下短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。 In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In another way, failure may be a way towards success. The “spider (蜘蛛) story is often told. Robert Bruce, the leader of the Scots (苏格兰) in the 13th century, was hiding in a cave. He watched a spider spinning a web (织网). The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times to span (跨过) the gap. On the seventh time he made it and went on to spin his web. Bruce is said to have taken heart and to have gone to defeat the Englishman. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb (灯泡), made hundreds of models that failed before he found the right way to make one. Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make a new type of battery (电池) when he had failed so often, he replied,“Failure?I have no failure. Now I know 50,000 ways it wont work.【请你概括】_二、说明文/新闻报道-中心句(通常在首段)+现象+形成原因+解决方法或建议第四篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。Everyone needs encouragement. Sometimes many people in this world feel discouraged, unworthy, or unlovable. You can make a difference if you honestly and sincerely encourage them. Let them know that they are capable, and they can finish many tasks.Teenagers and children both need to be encouraged. As friends, we should talk with them and give them a clear picture of how you see them doing something well. Let them talk about their dreams. Be sure that they will be able to do what they want to do. Praise them for their acplishments. Encourage them to do something more challenging. Don t let them have a self-pity party.写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该局部大约30词； 2每个人都需要鼓励，鼓励对于每一个人来说都是很重要的。你是如何看待“鼓励的?请谈谈你的看法，该局部大约120词。 1)在我们的生活中应该以鼓励为主。父母应该多鼓励自己的孩子；教师应该多鼓励他们的学生； 2)当我们的朋友灰心丧气时，我们应该用言语鼓励他们，用行动支持他们； 3)在鼓励别人的同时也要鼓励自己。鼓励自己能增强自信，能让我们把事情做得更好。 写作要求 你可以使用实例或其他论述方法支持你的观点，也可以参照阅读材料中的内容，但不要抄袭阅读材料中的句子。解题1认真阅读全文，确定文章结构类型。在原文中找出主题或题句，与说明的要点。见原文。2对主题和结论进展paraphrase。A.Encouragement is so important that everyone in this world needs it,especially teenagers and children. We need it to feel worthy,lovable and more self-confident, but not self-pity. B.Everyone is in need of encouragement, which is very important. Encouraged by others, people will have more courage to do what they like to do.3对写作内容要求的123作答。4对主题升华：No punishment, less criticism, but more encouragement.第五篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。 Opportunities dont e often. They e every once in a while. Very often, they e quietly and go by without being noticed. Therefore, it is advisable that you should value and treat them with care. An opportunity presents itself, and it brings a promise but never realizes it on its own. If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your goals, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared. Otherwise, you will take no advantage of opportunities when they e to visit you. As a Chinese proverb goes, The gods cannot help those who do not seize opportunities. It is clear that in order to be highly qualified for our future jobs, we should make preparations. Opportunities are also the basis of success, because a person who doesnt pay attention to opportunities will never know the importance of them.写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该局部大约30词；2在我们的一生中，机遇是非常重要的。那么，你是怎么看待机遇的?请发表你的观点，至少包括以下内容，该局部大约120词。 1)机遇对于每一个人来说都是平等的，它会悄悄地来到我们身边； 2)我们应该做好一切准备，等机会到来时，我们就抓住它； 3)很多成功的人能够抓住机会； 4)作为当今社会的年轻人，我们要珍惜机会，并好好利用它。【请你概括】在原文中找出主题句或论点、论据，并paraphrase。_三、 记叙文-五个w: 何时 (when), 何地 (where), 何人 (who), 何事 (what) ,结果如何 (how) 夹叙夹议型: 加上作者的看法或感想等, 以第三人称或无人称来概括解题步骤1认真阅读全文，注意文章中所用的形容词、动词与名词的色调，用以判断作者或主人公的态度，结合写作内容和要求，确定文章的主题。2概括全文。将故事的时间、地点、人物、事件等与所反映的主题，简明扼要的表述出来。根本上可以用两句概括。可以用如下一些句式：A：The story tells/shows ussb. did sth. some place. time.B：From the story，we know that The story tells us/ informs us the fact/ the truth/ the principal/ a good way/ 3就题目要求的内容一一作答，或就文章的主题明确你的现实情况与你的观点。4你的主题的支持句或主题的展开、升华。第六篇阅读下面的短文，然后按要求写一篇150词左右的短文。It was a sunny Saturday afternoon in Oklahoma City. A proud father, Bobby Lewis was taking his two Little boys to play miniature golf. He walked up to the man at the ticket counter and said, How much is it to get in?The young man replied, Three dollars for you and three dollars for any kid who is older than six. We let them in for free if they are six or younger. How old are they?Bobby replied, The younger is three and the older is seven, so I guess I give you six dollars. The man at the ticket counter said, Hey, mister, you could have saved yourself three dollars. You could have told me that the older one was six. I wouldnt have known the difference. Bobby replied, “Yes, that may be true, but the kids would have known the difference. There are some times when ethics (道德) are more important than anything else. Make sure you set a good example for everyone you work and live with.写作内容 1概括短文的内容要点，该局部大约30词；2你认为这位父亲做得对吗？假设是你，你也会这么做吗？请发表你的观点，该局部大约120词。解题步骤1认真阅读全文，注意文中的划线局部，判断作者或主人公的态度，结合写作内容和要求，确定文章的主题。Ethics are the most important.2概括全文。将故事的时间、地点、人物、事件等与所反映的主题，简明扼要的表述出来。This is a story about a father with noble-minded ethics. The father would rather spend more money than tell a lie that his older son is less than six.3就题目要求的内容一一作答，或就文章的主题明确你的现实情况与你的观点。4你的主题的支持句或主题的展开、升华。3、4两局部的作文，我们可以按“你认为这位父亲做得对吗？假设是你，你也会这么做吗？为议论文的线索，以Ethics are the most important.为主题，用汉语议论文的方法展开这篇120词的作文。第七篇There is a 17-year-old girl who was recently reported in the Brirish Medical Journal. She had been playing various kinds of electronic games for more than two hours a day. Her father repaired games and machines and she could the cassettes and systems in his workshop as often as she liked. One day, after playing a game called Dark Invader, she lost consciousness (知觉)and fell to the floor. Doctors who examined her found she was suffering from an unusual illness caused by lights flashing at a particular frequency.This matter has generated (引起) a heated discussion all over the world. Some people are against using the Internet, for, some parents think, the Internet call seem like a jungle, filled with danger for their children. But many people are fond of using the Internet. They think the world is being srnaller and smaller because of the Internet. It is possible for you to work at home with a puter in front, getting and sending the information you need. You call buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. 【请你概括】_四、写作模板【议论文的概要模板】The essay/passage/author highlights the importance of encouragement for students.The essay/passage/author argues in support of , stating that 【记叙文的概要模板】第一行：题目第一段：Thetextismainlyabout原文的关键人物或话题等。Inthewriters(或文章的主要人物)opinion，(原文要说明的道理或论点，即原文的关键词或短语)。第二段：Idoagreewiththewriter(或文章的主要人物).Inmyopinion，Ialsothink(原文的道理或论点).Foronething，(第一个理由).Foranotherthing，(第二个理由).第三段：Looking back, there are so many similarstoriesinmylifeandIchooseoneofthemto showtoyou.TherewasatimewhenI(一篇能说明该道理或论点的记叙文，注意要写具体时间、地点、人物，事件的经过等。中间要使用谚语，万能句型等。)第四段：Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wecansafelydrawaconclusionthat(原文要说明的道理或论点).a.点明写作目的类：The writer tells us主题by showing us an example of, who/which故事情节.b.作者经历类：In the passage, the writer mainly tells us hisexperience of doing sth, whichc. 他人经历类：This passage is mainly about sbs experience of doing sth.【说明文概要模板】a. 现象揭示类：This article points out the mon phenomenon .主题), which.补充解释.b. 利弊比照类：The article pares the disadvantages/ benefits of A and B.c. 研究显示类：The study reveals(揭露) thatThe purpose of the report is to show that【概括大意时应注意的几个事项】1. 不可遗漏要点。概括要点占5分。2. 不可一字不漏地完全照抄原文。( 但可以灵活地改动，特别对根底差的同学)3. 不可参加自己的观点. 必须忠于原文、忠于作者。4. 不要概括太广，缺乏针对性，也不要只针对原文某个细节太狭窄。5. 不要用列举、描绘性语言当成概括性语言。6. 不要只用一个简单句来概括，或写得太多句子单词。7. 要注意文体特征。文体不同, 概括的方式也不同。8. 不要把概括跟下文写成一起。即要求分段9.不要用序号标概括和下文，注意概括和下文构成一个不可分隔、完整的文章。【请你练习】1. It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, “I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night. I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, “ I enjoy cleaning windows at night.“So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. “Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind ing with me to the station?“Well, Id prefer to stay here, I said. “ You see, Ive forgotten my key.“Your what? he called.“My key, I shouted.Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me 点拨：1） 这是一篇记叙文，请从原文中划出时间、地点、人物、事情的经过和结果。2） 填充下面所给的summary, 注意如何借用词法，语法简化句子。Summary: On arriving home _ in the morning, the writer failed to wake up _ by ringing the doorbell. He tried to _, but was found by _. Soon his shouting woke his wife.2. Advertising can be a service to customers. This is true when advertisements give reliable information about the goods advertised. Such information is needed if the customer is to make a sensible choice when he buys something. It is useful in that it lets him know of the kinds of goods in the shops. Printed advertisements do this job best. Customers can collect them and pare them. They can be taken along to the shops and their statements can be checked against and actual goods in the shops. Some advertisements are not very useful to the customers. Instead of helping the customer to satisfy his real needs, they set out to make him want things. They set out to make us believe that what they advertise will make us cleverer, prettier, more handsome, if only we use it. The voice on TV says, “ Getaway people use XYZ petrol. The screen shows a picture of petrol pump for a fast expensive car owned by a boy with a pretty girlfriend. They
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