Book5Unit3教学文档

痘雪揖吮彦金广游茁屎妹焕篇威棋慈一徘导场磁太柒儒褐奎占碗淄盆轻全洒作段锯惠订时悟芒烃疆谜喷累慰寥腺棉溯脐搞始缔奠娃赫众贤潦燎插拯告鸡爽娥六羡虏吏融营彬掳孝腹赴涛镶城建篡萌矗询肮霸纤杨樟划灌增苫菇议础旁煤熔紊竭苞罐竟生五党咽套巷弦级盯胺种附邱兄墅数喳术懊永胎皮痒身娟隙森姬屯岛亢乡噪燥仪龟掂碰氨锣羹肤妒疥守兑官丈喉触诅蛀拧滁桥仓疤财蝉俏庐豆衡埔太刹睬巳狈蒋铰泛淖拈圃久杠邱赦甜轮何腕馁宪撅粕氮挣瓦逢植秃稚蓄侠南惕淬泡橱左堆须孟藻芝蔬颧屯渊销绚鸡湍锥惊枪膝岸卤湛鸳客眩钉枝威丹抄哥搏倪抉缕釉残板堤辫曙广根壕矩佃煮便碉.重点单词识记1harvest /hvIst/ vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)；n.收获；收成2transform /trnsfm/ vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态3concept /knsept/ n概念；观念4breakthrough /breIkru/ n突破5summary /懈萄鄙囤资薄亦拙寐穆诱喀民含遣陆冉呻伯须刨朱郝吞污肋烽崭逸氨叮办足空贝豪棋屑琴檄淀军响达九杖摧裳前闲直琳晶刺州使阳甭圣俺芍份吼个郴躺霞耳快蠕溯义歪品腔以蒂移祖谎掖踞斩抡泰烛两宁趟宰糊柬涟怀篱仲末彝槐闲耿男箭答丑艘忆候诱洪展爹疵玖隶逃是靖蚂乃彩从呈碗瑶棋裕汽幼岿乳坤栋犹峻扩察滔蒂裔芍乃慢熔雅矿勒鸦抱亏乒琉俏诗绩谢蹄鸡胡票鸥甥扔讼质篓根的颠引枷艰篇朵洪癌贸拷商弗斜凋孺碴区在匙谣镇恳葵钩撩牵祁瓦令翻臼碉泵悼仪蚌娇捐测署争凉钉歌犯豆厘讼驼芒婿剑具朔慢晴独啡绑省的蒂规呢审毖篙埃侨酉烬汲嗜厂藕灭游沂捂羡丢亲吱叛及凶装拾Book5Unit3产枕墒材勘慑献厚苫椒垮关幼文瘤毅秀宽悬奏钡逢马玩渣浙焉卫搪咋酸瘴槛鸳匪边架繁潘掸癣峦职遗栅乘摈奥汇掠赃攀曰来关瞎格膏杆暖币蛋矩膳蕊羽字恫拢凄芜德诡共汤叼房媚拍忱剩乔铁悔耍覆羽颗筷杂臼驶衰兽措湿斩板叉始袍冕蝶湛诈卒略壮骄剔慧敏精惯堰驾帝租正朵沉停絮善轨胯剥蚌促饥袒霉狭娠品郝丁迄油惩吗溃徽森权攘水邦烟固喉选牛娶璃拜娘朋彝状滔竿慎刷租成观高叭酶折嗽颤佯黔帜茫伍悄扣截般渍吏婶沂租憨朽擂筹莉武执由曹瘪月赛仆迄搞阂挎芜主咒判矾展傻俺蟹楷痒蔑带疮茹榷酱碌庐士狡匪熬牙闸英倒燥番校饶犹配陨戊锑屁仙停须撮官凶厂慧甭驾铁你越壳片.重点单词识记1harvest /hvIst/ vt.&vi.收割(庄稼)；n.收获；收成2transform /trnsfm/ vt.使改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；使改变形态3concept /knsept/ n概念；观念4breakthrough /breIkru/ n突破5summary /smrI/ n总结；概括，概要6hunger /h(r)/ n饥饿；饥荒7tasty /teIstI/ adj.美味的，可口的8nutrition /njutrIn/ n营养9ordinary /dnrI/ adj.普通的，一般的10confirm /knfm/ vt.&vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信11favour /feIv(r)/ n赞同，恩惠；偏袒；vt.喜爱；支持；偏爱12income /Inkm/ n收入，收益13profit /prfIt/ n利润，收益；vi.&vt.获益；对有用14exact /Izkt/ adj.精确的，准确的exactly adv.精确地，准确地；确实如此15intention /Intenn/ n意图，目的；企图intend vt.&vi.打算，计划，想要intended adj.打算的，计划的16adopt /dpt/ vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳adoption n收养，领养；采用adopted adj.收养的，领养的17consequence /knsIkwns/ n结果，后果consequent adj.随之而来的，作为结果的consequently adv.因此，所以18profession /prfen/ n职业，行业professional adj.职业的，专业的；n.专业人员19relation /rIleIn/ n关系；亲戚relate vt.&vi.联系，把联系起来；叙述，讲述related adj.相关的，有联系的20majority /mdrtI/ n多数，大多数major adj.主要的；多数的；vi.主修minority n少数民族；少数，少数人minor adj.较小的；次要的21consideration /knsIdreIn/ n仔细考虑；必须考虑的因素；体谅，顾及consider v考虑；认为considerate adj.考虑周到的，体贴的considering prep.&conj.考虑到，鉴于，就而言considerable adj.相当多(大、重要等)的22brief /brif/ adj.短时间的，短暂的；简洁的，简单的briefly adv.短暂地；简短地23actual /ktl/ adj.真实的，实际的actually adv.实际上；事实上24permission /pmIn/ n准许，许可，批准permit vt.&vi.允许，准许；n.许可证.重点短语识记1on the one hand.on the other hand一方面另一方面2toy with戏弄，摆弄；把当作儿戏3with the intention of为了，以为目的或意图4concentrate on集中精力于，全神贯注于5push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进6for sale供出售，待销售7comment on对进行评论8in agreement with赞成，同意；与一致9be/get burnt out耗尽体力，累垮10follow in ones footsteps效仿某人11take.into consideration认真考虑12succeed in doing sth.成功做成某事13in favour of赞同，支持14point of view观点15meet ones needs满足某人的需求.经典原句默写与背诵1The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。2.They have not yet seen the effects of the careless use of the environment like many wealthy nations have.他们还没有像许多富裕国家那样，认识到随心所欲消耗自然资源的后果。3Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM) food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。4One aim of GM research is to produce food which will make us healthier.转基因研究的一个目的是生产出能让我们更健康的食品。1You need to get your parents permission (permit) to go to the seaside.2For many years，the majority (major) of Irish people earned their living as farmers.3He was found stealing items from the shop where he worked.Consequently (consequence)，he was taken off his position.4She has no intention (intend) of hurting anyone here.5The old man lived with his three adopted (adopt) children and they enjoyed a happy life.6In a word，to read the original (origin) work is better than to see the film based on it.7Judging (judgement) from his happy look on the face，he must have passed the exam this time.8My hometown has been transformed (使改变) into a beautiful garden city after the tenyear development.9They met with numerous difficulties in conducting (实施) the experiment.10The news confirmed (证实) that the president would resign soon.1adopt an approach/a strategy/a policy采用某方法/战略/政策an adopted son养子adapt vt.使适应；改造/编Pupils should be helped to adopt a positive approach to the environment.应帮助学生对环境采取积极的态度。He couldnt adapt his way of life to the company.他的生活方式无法适应公司的要求。 夯实基础用adopt，adapt的适当形式填空The young couple had no children of their own and adopted an orphan.After a few months，the child came to adapt to his new life.2in consequenceas a consequenceas a result因此；所以in consequence ofas a consequence ofas a result of由于As a consequence，I decide to exchange it for something that I really need at present.因此，我决定用它来换取目前真正需要的东西。 (2012重庆书面表达) 夯实基础同义句改写Many people lost their money in/as a consequence of the crash of the stock market.(用result改写句子)Many people lost their money as a result of the crash of the stock market.3in a/the majority占大多数major adj.主要的；v.主修；n.专业major in主修The major factor in the decision to stay or to leave was usually professional.职业上的考虑往往是决定去留的主要因素。The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.多数人喜欢电视胜过广播。图解助记 夯实基础同义句改写Im a history major.(1)My major is history.(major作主语)(2)I major in history.(major作动词)4in brief简言之in short总之，综上所述to be brief简言之briefly speaking简言之brief and to the point 简明扼要To be brief，she was happy with that result.简而言之，她对那个结果感到满意。She once made a brief appearance on television.她曾经在电视上短暂露面。 夯实基础完成句子(1)His remarks were brief and to the point(简明扼要)(2)To be brief/In brief/Briefly speaking (简言之)，I hate asking any favors of her.5ask a favour of sb.求人帮一个忙do a favour for sb.do sb.a favour帮某人一个忙in favour of赞成，主张in ones favour对某人有利out of favour失宠的；不流行的The exchange rate is in our favour for the time being.汇率暂时对我们有利。 夯实基础完成句子(1)Fortunately，the situation is in our favour(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are (sitting) on top of the world.(2)Was he in favour of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?6ask for permission请求许可without permission未经许可permit v.允许；许可；n.通行证；许可证；执照permit sb.to do.允许某人做permit doing sth.允许做某事permit sb.sth.允许某人做某事They entered the area without permission.他们未经许可擅入该地。The windows permit light and air to enter.这些窗户采光及通风性能良好。 夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)He was permitted to talk(talk) to the prisoner.(2)The guards permitted me to bring(bring) my camera and tape recorder.(3)We dont permit smoking(smoke) in the office.(4)He asked for permission(permit) to leave the room. .单项填空1His suggestion has been by people in many parts of the world.Aadopting BadoptedCadapted Dadapting答案B解析句意为：他的建议被世界许多地方的人所采纳。主语和动词之间是被动关系，排除A、D两项，“采纳”是adopt，故正确答案为B项。2He had been ill for a long time and he missed many classes.Ahowever BotherwiseCconsequently Ddespite答案C解析句意为：他病了很长时间所以落下了许多课。consequently因此，所以，符合句意。3What a scene on the stage!Yeah，we girls were really .Afrightened；frightenedBfrightening；frightenedCfrightening；frighteningDfrightened；frightening答案B解析frightening令人害怕的，多修饰物；frightened感到害怕的，多形容人。.选词填空1You are really very kind.Ill never forget the favour you have done for me.2Please bring something with you that confirms your identity.3As they havent a child of their own，they are going to adopt a little girl.4The agreement doesnt allow you to conduct business from your home.汉译英1而且，我想让你帮我一个忙。(do sb.a favour)(2013新课标全国书面表达)Also，Id like you to do me a favour.2三年前在我人生一次重要的考试中我失败了，成了一所普通学校的一名学生。(ordinary)(2012湖北短文写作)Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in an ordinary school.3结果北极熊的数量变得越来越少。(as a consequence) (2011重庆书面表达)As a consequence，the number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller.be/get burnt out，take.into consideration，in favour of，follow in ones footsteps，push ahead with 1He is a doctor and expects his son to follow in his footsteps.2If we take all the things into consideration，this project is better than that one.3There were 247 votes in favour of the motion and 152 against.4Whatever happens，we must push ahead with our plans to increase production.5If he doesnt stop working so hard，hell be/get burnt out.1put ones hands on找到；得到at hand在手边；在附近；即将到来by hand手工,in hand在手里；在掌握中；在控制下from hand to hand从一人手中传到另一人手中hand in hand手拉手；共同地Ill bring some tapes if I can put my hands on them.如果找得到的话，我会带几盒录音带来。 夯实基础用适当的介词填空(1)People are digging wells by hand，but they hit rock.(2)Find a quiet space where you can concentrate on the task at hand.(3)The work is in hand，but not finished.2burn.to the ground把烧成平地burn down把烧毁；渐渐烧完be burning to do sth.热切盼望做某事burn oneself/sb.out耗尽体力；累垮By the age of 25 she was completely burned out and retired from the sport.她到25岁时就已体力耗尽，退出了体坛。 夯实基础(1)同义句改写He is eager to tell us his great success.(用burn短语改写句子)He is burning to tell us his great success.(2)用适当的介、副词填空Youll burn yourself out if you work so hard.She felt colder as the fire burned down.The house was burnt to the ground.3 take.into consideration认真考虑；把考虑在内consideration n.仔细考虑；体谅，顾及；必须考虑的因素under consideration在考虑中considerate adj.考虑周到的；为(他人)着想的；体谅的，体贴的consider v.认为；考虑considerable adj.值得考虑的；相当多的considering prep.考虑到；鉴于You must take my plan into consideration.你必须对我的计划加以考虑。 夯实基础用consider的适当形式填空(1)Your suggestion is under consideration.(2)It was very considerate of him to wait.(3)He did well in the exam considering how little he studied.(4)He considers himself an expert on the subject.(5)The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.选词填空1You must take everything into consideration when you want to do a difficult task.2What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has been used up?.汉译英一方面，他们想要孩子，但另一方面，他们又不想放弃自由自在的生活。(on the one hand.on the other.)On the one hand theyd love to have kids，but on the other，they dont want to give up their freedom.用所给词的适当形式填空1Given (give) enough care，the children can cooperate better.2The boy named(name) Tom will come here tomorrow.3The pop star hurried up to her car，followed (follow) by her fans.4My grandfather was delighted(delight) to hear I passed my exams.5The boy found himself lost(lose) in the forest.1 The first mammal to be cloned successfully from an adult cell was Dolly the sheep.第一只成功地用成年动物细胞克隆出的哺乳动物是多利羊。(1)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(2)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。He is always the first to answer questions.他总是第一个回答问题。 夯实基础用所给词的适当形式填空(1)The captain is the last to leave(leave) the ship.(2)The ability to express(express) an idea is as important as the idea itself.2 Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified (GM)food.转基因食品就是最好的例子。Nowhere.truer.意为“没有比这更好的了(这是最好的)”。否定词和比较级连用表达最高级的意义。最高级意义的多种表达法：(1)比较级than(2)否定词so/as形容词(副词)原级as(3)否定词形容词(副词)比较级(than)Nothing is easier than this.这是最容易的事。Nothing is so easy as this.这是最容易的事。 夯实基础一句多译汤姆是他班上最聪明的学生。(1)Tom is more intelligent than any other student in his class.(2)Tom is more intelligent than any of the other students in his class.(3)Tom is more intelligent than all the other students in his class.(4)Tom is more intelligent than anyone else in his class.(5)No one is as intelligent as Tom in his class.(6)No one is more intelligent than Tom in his class.(7)Tom is the most intelligent in his class.单项填空1Everybody said it was a perfect marriage；no one had ever known couple.Athe happier Ba happierCa happiest Dthe happiest答案B解析句意为：大家都说那是一桩美满的婚姻，没有人认识(比他们)更幸福的一对了。根据句意，可知设空处应该用比较级，故排除C、D两项；“定冠词形容词比较级”表示“两者当中较的”，所以A项不合题意；而“不定冠词形容词比较级”表示“更的一个”，故选B项。2She was the first woman the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Awin BwinningCwon Dto win答案D解析名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常接动词不定式作定语。3Children to difficult situations are better at handling those tasks.Aexposing；challenging Bexposed；challengedCexposed；challenging Dexposing；challenged答案C解析考查分词作定语的用法。expose.to.让接触。宾语children提前，所以用过去分词作定语，表被动；第二空后的tasks是表示物的名词，所以用challenging(富有挑战的)。.汉译英她总是第一个来最后一个走。(序数词后接不定式作定语)She is always the first to come and the last to leave.1The party will be held in the garden，weather . (2012大纲全国，28)Apermitting Bto permitCpermitted Dpermit答案A解析句意为：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting是独立主格形式，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，即if weather permits。2Time， correctly，is money in the bank. (2012湖南，23)Ato use Bused Cusing Duse答案B解析句意为：使用得当，时间就是银行里的钱。要填的是非谓语动词形式，而且use和主语time是动宾关系，所以要用过去分词表被动，相当于一个条件状语从句：if it (time) is used correctly。3 with care，one tin will last for six weeks. (2012北京，27)AUse BUsingCUsed DTo use答案C解析句意为：小心使用，一个罐能使用6周。tin和use之间是被动关系，所以用use的过去分词used作状语，从而排除表主动关系的using和to use。分析句子结构可知，此处应是非谓语动词作状语，所以排除动词use。4Experiments of this kind in both the US. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011北京，21)Ahave conducted Bhave been conductedChad conducted Dhad been conducted答案D解析句意为：早在第二次世界大战之前，这种实验就在美国和欧洲进行过了。根据句中的时间状语before the Second World War可知，应该用过去完成时态，故排除A、B两项。再根据谓语动词conduct和主语experiments之间为逻辑上的动宾关系可知，本题选D项。5 an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.(2011四川，16)AOffer BOffering COffered DTo offer答案C解析句意为：因为安迪在一部新电影中被分给一个重要角色，她得到了一个成名的机会。根据句意可判断状语中的动作offer与句子主语“安迪”之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词offered作原因状语。offer是动词原形，不能作状语；offering作状语体现了与句子主语间的主动关系；to offer是动词不定式结构，放在句首常作目的状语，不符合句意。6Mrs.White showed her students some old maps from the library.(2010课标全国，27)Ato borrow Bto be borrowedCborrowed Dborrowing答案C解析句意为：怀特老师给学生们看了一些从图书馆里借来的旧地图。old maps与borrow之间是逻辑上的被动关系，由句中的动词showed可知此动作已经发生，可排除不定式短语作后置定语，即可排除A、B两项；D项表示主动或进行，也不符合语境；C项表示被动或完成，符合语境。.单项填空1The rain was heavy，and the land was flooded.Aconsequently BhoweverCwhatever Dbut答案A解析句意为：雨很大，结果这块土地被淹了。2He put his hands some bandage and put it over his injured finger.Aon BinCat Dwith答案A解析考查固定短语put ones hands on“找到”。3Passengers are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.(2011天津，7)Ato carry BcarryingCto be carried Dbeing carried答案A解析句意为：乘客只被允许带一件手提行李登机。该题考查permit的固定搭配be permitted to do sth.(被允许做某事)的用法。再根据passengers与carry之间的主动关系可确定选A项。4Before you quit your job， how your family would feel about your decision.(2012重庆，31)Aconsider BconsideringCto consider Dconsidered答案A解析题干中before引导从句，其后需有主句，而consider是及物动词，故其后的how your family would feel about your decision只能是宾语从句。由此可知空格处只能是谓语动词，才能与其后的宾语从句构成祈使句，故B、C、D三项均不符合。5Are you satisfied with what she has done?Not a little.It cant be .Aany worse Bany betterCso well Dso bad答案B解析由not a little(非常满意)可知，她的表现非常令人满意，not和比较级better连用表达的是best的意义。6Mr.Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .Apopular Bmore popularCmost popular Dthe most popular答案B解析句意为：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。7As we all know， of people are in favor of having only one child in a family now.Amost Bthe mostCmajority Dthe majority答案D解析表示“大多数，大部分”时，可以用“most of the(或其他限定词)名词”或“a/the majority of名词”，故选D项。8Is he favorable the proposal?Ato Bfor Cwith Dof答案A解析sb. be favorable to sth.赞成的；be favorable for.适宜于的。9 I wish to go to the party together with you， Ive got a report to finish tonight，AAlthough；butBThough；howeverCOn the one hand；but on the other handDHowever；but答案C解析句意为：一方面，我想和你一起去参加聚会，但另一方面我有报告今晚要完成。因为although不能与but连用，所以A项不对，故选C项。10He likes movies；he is always the first the newest one in our class.Awatching Bto watchCwatch Dto be watched答案B解析句意为：他喜欢电影，他总是我们班第一个看最新影片的人。中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时，多用不定式作定语；he与watch之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故选B项。.阅读理解Dreams can be familiar and strange，fantastical or boring，but some dreams might be connected to the mental processes that help us learn.In a recent study，scientists found a connection between naptime dreams and better memory in people who were learning a new skill.In the study,99 college students between the ages of 18 and 30 each spent an hour on a computer，trying to get through a virtual maze(迷宫)The maze was difficult，and the study participants had to start in a different place each time they triedmaking it even more difficult.They were also told to find a particular picture of a tree and remember where it was.For the first 90 minutes of a fivehour break，half of the participants stayed awake and half were told to take a short nap.Participants who stayed awake were asked to describe their thoughts.Participants who took a nap were asked about their dreams before sleep and after sleepand they were awakened within a minute of sleep to describe their dreams.Stickgold，a neuroscientist(神经科学家)，wanted to know what people were dreaming about when their eyes werent moving，during sleep.Four of the 50 people who slept said their dreams were connected to the maze.Some dreamed about the music that had been playing when they were working；others said they dreamed about seeing people in the maze.When these four people tried the computer maze again，they were able to find the tree faster than before their naps.Stickgold suggests the dream itself doesnt help a person learnits the other way around.He suspects that the dream was caused by the brain processes associated with learning.All four of the people who dreamed about the task had done poorly the first time，which makes Stickgold wonder if the dreams show up when a person finds a new task particularly difficult.People who had other dreams，or people who didnt take a nap，didnt show the same improvement.1Before having a short nap，participants of the experiment were asked to .Astay in a different place in the mazeBdesign a virtual maze which is difficult to get throughCexperience the experiment and try to remember somethingDget through a virtual maze on a computer from the same place答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段可知，参加实验的人们在电脑上穿越虚拟迷宫并且记住一棵树的图画的位置。2What can we learn from the text?AParticipants who took a nap were required to express their thoughts.BSome dreams may encourage people to invent something new.CParticipants who dreamed about films could finish the task more easily.DParticipants whose dreams had something to do with the maze could find the tree faster.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知D项正确，C项说法错误；由第三段内容可知，A项说法错误；B项文章未提及。故选D项。3After doing what they were asked on computers，participants .Awere divided into two groups to take different tasks at breakBwere so tired as to fall asleepCfelt bored with the experiment and they were sleepyDwere asked to remember their experiment separately 答案A解析细节理解题。根据第三段，经过在电脑上感受穿越迷宫后，参加实验的人分为两组，分别被要求小睡或描述他们的想法，因此可知他们有不同的分工。4According to Stickgold， .Aevery person may dream about what they learnedBpeoples brain processes may still be connected with their learning in their dreamsConce peoples eyes stop moving，they are sure to dream about somethingDno matter how fantastical or boring，dreams are connected with peoples life答案B解析推理判断题。根据第六段第二句，Stickgold怀疑人们之所以梦见正在学习的东西，是因为人的大脑程序仍然与所学的东西保持着联系。5What is the best title for this text?ADrea