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GRAMMAR 一一: V-ing 形式由形式由 “doing” 构成构成, 其否其否定形式是定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾可以带宾语或状语构成语或状语构成 V-ing 短语短语, 没有人称和数的变化没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。但有时态和语态的变化。V-ing 形式形式语态语态时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not)having done(not)having been done V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。习重点。1. 作定语作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这这时有两种情况。时有两种情况。1) -ing形式表示形式表示 “供作供作.之用之用”的意思的意思, 这类作这类作定语的定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。形式过去叫动名词。 A swimming pool = a pool for swimmingA sleeping car = a car for sleeping2) -ing形式表示形式表示 “.的的” 意思意思, 过去过去叫现在分词叫现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。如相当于一个定语从句。如:They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作状语作状语 可以表示时间可以表示时间, 原因原因, 结果结果,条件条件, 行为方式行为方式或伴随动作等。或伴随动作等。 Using your head, youll find a good way. 条件条件 1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way. = Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作伴随动作) 2) Being poor, he couldnt afford a TV set. (原因原因)3) Working hard, youll surely succeed.条件条件4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.伴随伴随5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式方式6) (When) Hearing the news, he got frightened.= When he heard the news, he got frightened. (时间时间, 可以在分词前保留可以在分词前保留when ) 7) The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. 结果结果Attention Please -ing形式作状语时形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。句的主语是一致的。Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是而句子的主语是I , 两者不构成主谓关系两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主所以只能用独立主格结构格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)the British ladythe Columbianthe Japanesethe Canadian You see her step back appearing surprised.His nose touches Mr. Cooks moving hand. You see her step back appearing surprised.= You see her step back and she appears surprised.They also express their feelings using unspoken language.=They also express their feelings by the way of using unspoken language. His nose touched Mr. Cooks moving hand.=His nose touched Mr. Cooks hand which is moving.= They are visitors who come from several countries.They are visitors coming from several countries.= This is an experience which is exciting.This is an exciting experience. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. Rewrite the following sentences.When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _ _ _can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.who is standing4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _ _ Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question.Coming from5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk _ _ _.doing herhomeworkUsing structureshold in arms, cry, appear sad The woman holds her son in arms, crying and appearing very sad. The woman cries loudly, holding her son in arms.box, hit on the face , move, steps The two boxing men try to hit the other on the face, moving their steps carefully.ski, laugh, exciting Mickey and Mimi are skiing down the hill, laughing all the way. What an exciting scene it is!dance, sing, raise arms up, amazing musicMickey and Mimi are dancing to amazing music, singing and raising their arms.Koala Bear, carry, climb, search for food Carrying her little baby on the back, the mother Koala Bear climbs up the trees, searching for food. 1. Having not seen the film, I cant tell you what I think of it. 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too.Not havingworkingSeeingspeaking单句改错单句改错5. “ Cant you read?” the man said, angrily pointed to the notice on the wall.6. Knocking at the door before entering, please.7. European football is played in 80 countries, made it the most popular sport in the world.pointingKnockmaking 1. The stranger said something in a _ voice and the little girl was very much _ A. frightening, frightened B. frightened, frightening C. frightening, frightening D. frightened, frightenedChoose the best answer. 2. _the piano, someone suddenly knocked at the door. A. Playing B. When I was playing C. Repairing D. Examining 3. Mother caught the boy _ in the corner. A. smoke B. to smoke C. being smoked D. smoking 4. _ the programme, they have to stay there for another 2 weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed5. “We cant go out in this weather”, said Bob, _ out of the window. A. looking B. to look C. looked D. having looked 6. Though _ money, his parents managed to send him to university. A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in 7. The bell _ the end of the period rang, _ our heated discussion. A. indicating; interrupting B. indicated; interrupting C. indicating; interrupted D. indicated; interrupted 8. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 9. He looked around and caught a man _ his hand into the pocket of a passenger. A. put B. to be putting C. to put D. putting 10. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing; disappeared B. seized; disappeared C. seizing; disappearing D. seized; disappearing 11. _in the queue of half an hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited 12. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. A. Having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 13. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
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