混凝土结构配筋设计毕业论文外文翻译

河北科技师范学院本科毕业设计外文翻译混凝土结构配筋设计院（系、部）名 称 ： 机电科学与工程系 专 业 名 称 ： 土木工程 学 生 姓 名 ： 郭婷婷 学 生 学 号 ： 9314090106 指 导 教 师 ： 李冰心 2013 年 1 月 18 日河北科技师范学院教务处制Concrete structure reinforcement designAbstract ： structure in the long-term natural environment and under the useenvironments function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineerings duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st century, the human building also by the concrete structure, the steel structure, the bricking-up structure and so on primarily, the present stage I will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction. Key word： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement steel structure reinforcement1 Concrete structure reinforcementConcrete structures reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the necessary technology.1.1 the direct reinforcements general method 1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law.Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus enhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role. In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of reinforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section, through new Canada partial and original component joint work, but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively, improvement normal operational performance.Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction craft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scene constructions wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction.2) Replacement concretes reinforcement lawThis laws meri t with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect buildings clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carriers and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement.3) the caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawOutside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the steel plate is reinforced components outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement, therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement. This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law, the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protections situation the high temperature place; Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original component section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement.4) Sticks the steel reinforcement lawOutside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insufficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced components supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. This law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable in the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement lawOutside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materials in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs special fire protection processing, is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction. This laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation.6) Reeling lawThis laws good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation.7) Fang bolt anchor lawThis law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20C60 concretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously.1.2 The indirect reinforcements general method1) Pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension bar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fitting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the eccentric compression function in the component, this function has overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces, reduced outside the load effect, thus sharpened components anti-curved ability. At the same time, because the tension bar passes to components pressure function, the component crack development can alleviate, the control, the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it enhancement. As a result of the horizontal lifting stems function, the original components section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, components supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condition the original components supporting capacity 。 (2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed tosupport the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system which the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with components combining site transmits for is reinforced the component, has counter-balanced outside the part the load, changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic, thus sharpened components bearing capacity. This law can reduce is r einforced components stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance the structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes components reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcement, but in the non-protections situation, cannot use in the temperature above 600C in the environment, is also not suitable uses in the concrete shrinkage continuous variation big structure.2)Increases the supporting reinforcement lawThe addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm buildings original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement.1.3Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary uses technology 1) The request trades the technologyIt is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist terminal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed; Is suitable in had buildings reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time to be short, the expense low, affects and so on merits slightly to the life and the production, but is high to the specification, must complete by the skilled worker, can ensure the security.2）Plants the muscle technologyIt is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had buildings reinforcement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, goes against rises to Liang, columns lengthening by joining, the house superimposed layer terminal and the high-rise construction addition shearing force wall plants the muscle and so on.3）Crack patching technologyAccording to the concretes cracks cause, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement measure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pressure concretes crack, renders the young or up and coming generation to sew up the function, and makes the original structure through its cementation to restore the integrity, this method is suitable for the crack opening is big, and durable and so on is influential to the structure integrity and the security, or has request and so on waterproof anti-seepage crack patching.4）Carbonized concretes repair technologyIt is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its impedance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.5）Concretes surface treatment technologyIt is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mechanical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill.6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technologyIt is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against crack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on.7）Other technologiesLike the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on.2 Bricking-up structureBricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structures reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method.2.1 suitable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method 1) outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the construction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement, the supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wall wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction.2) outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close, but enhances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete w hen the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.3) the addition holds the engaged column reinforcement lawThis law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside, but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly, and difficult to satisfy the earthquake resistance request, generally only in peneseismic country application.2.2 suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method 1）non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method, its merit is the construction is simple, the scene work load and the wet work are few, the stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale the bricking-up columns reinforcement; Its shortcoming is high for the reinforcement expense, and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure.2) pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement lawThis law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up columns bearing capacity, and the reinforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stress, the high strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment.2.3 bricking-up structure constructivity reinforcement and patching 1) addition grid reinforcementWhen the grid establishment does not meet the present design code requirement, either the vertical cross wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either the house integrity is bad, should additionally build the grid to carry on the reinforcement2)additionally builds the Liang pad reinforcementWhen under the summer beam the brick setting the wall presents by under the partial squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to carry on the reinforcement.3)the bricking-up opens partially buildsWhen house partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason when not yet affects load-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition, and according to enhances the mortar strength first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds.4)bricking-up crack patchingBefore carrying on crack patching, should act according to bricking-up components stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up crack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target-oriented or using the corresponding reinforcement measure.3 steel structuresSteel structure reinforcement method: The steel structure reinforcements main method includes: Reduces the load, the change structure computation graph, to enlarge the original structural unit section a nd the joint strength, the impediment fracture growth and so on. When has the mature experience, may also use other reinforcement method.1) changes the structure computation graphThe change structure computation graphs reinforcement method is refers to uses the change load spread condition, the power transmission way, the node nature and the boundary condition, the addition attachment member and the support, exerts the pre-stressed that measures and so on consideration space joint operation to carry on the reinforcement to the structure the method2)enlarges the component section the reinforcementUses enlarges when the section reinforces the steel lumber, chooses the section form to be advantageous in the reinforcement specification and considered alreadyhas the flaw and the damage condition.3)connection reinforcement and reinforcing member connectionThe steel structure connection method, namely the welded joint, the rivet, the ordinary bolt and the high strength bold fastening methods choice, should the reason which, the goal, the stress condition, the structure and the execution conditions needs to reinforce according to the structure, and considers the structure original connection method determination. The steel structure reinforcement general uses the welded joint connection, the friction high strength bold fastening suitably, has when the basis may also use the welded joint and the friction high strength bolts mixed connection. When uses the welded joint connects, should use after the evaluation approval welding process and the connection material.4) crack repair and reinforcementBecause the structure the load affects and the choice of material, the structure, the manufacture, the work repeatedly improper and so on produces has the extension or breaks time crisply the tendentious crack damage, should try to repair. Before the repair, must analyze has the crack reason an