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专题13 完形填空易错点1 熟词生义掌握不全面1.He looked surprised, but got right to work, trying to find the _ tire.A.spareB.freeC.full D.empty【错因分析】spare熟义是“抽出时间”。【试题解析】在这篇文章中，spare意为“备用的”。【参考答案】A 2. Not too long ago, an incident that happened at Walt Disney touched me greatly. A guest told the front-desk clerk she had had a wonderful vacation, but was heartbroken about losing several rolls of Kodak color film she had not yet _.A.developedB.takenC.washed D.loaded【错因分析】develop熟义是“发展”。【试题解析】film在此意为“胶片”，故选A，develop意为“冲印”。【参考答案】A所谓“熟词生义”就是指有些词尽管我们认识，但出现在完形填空或者阅读理解中如果运用常见的含义来理解的话，会导致理解错误、文不对题、不知所云，这时我们就要换个角度运用这个词的特殊含义来理解。平时要注意这些“熟词生义”的练习、巩固、背诵。Just the other day, a fierce storm hit our community. I looked out the window and witnessed a tree being _ by the fierce winds.A. crushed B. abused C. broken D. removed【解析】abuse的熟义“谩骂，虐待”，但在文中是“摧残，蹂躏”。【答案】B易错点2 忽视语境关系A Heroic DriverLarry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry was41along 165 north after delivering to one of hiscustomers. 41. A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing【错因分析】考生容易忽视语境关系盲目选择自认为正确的某个选项。【参考答案】C巧用语境推测法近几年高考英语完形填空题的最大特点是重点考查语境理解。所谓语境，就是指文章上下文之间的联系，它包括文章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表述的合理性、论证的逻辑性等。正因为完形填空题主要考查考生对语境的理解能力，所以空格的前后多有暗示（后文暗示前文的居多）。考生在做题时，一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系，结合语境辨析所给选项，从中选出最符合语境的选项。During my fourth-grade Christmas break, we flew to Rio to visit her. Looking at her large apartment, I becameaware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself. It was thenthat I started to appreciate the tough choices she had to make on balancing family and work.A. comfortableB. expensiveC. emptyD. modern【解析】很多考生由于忽略了上下文的语境而误选A、D项。 由下文的 “how lonely my mother must have been”可知，作者看到的是母亲住在空旷的公寓中。【答案】C【名师点睛】完形填空中，若每题单独考虑，四个选项几乎均可成立，但完形填空考查的是在具体语境中对上下段、上下句乃至全文的整体理解和运用。考生往往只见树木不见森林，忽略对上下文的全面考虑而草率误选某一选项。完形填空所选文章是一个完整的语篇，因此考生在做题时必须结合上下文语境进行综合考虑。考生在平时做题时应该把握好文章的主线和上下文的内在联系。易错点3 忽视背景关系It had been a year since Susan became blind. As the result of an accident she was suddenly thrown into a world of darkness. Susans husband Mark watched her sink into hopelessness and he was determined to use every possible means to help his wife.Susan felt ready to return to her job, but how would she get there? She used to take the bus, but she now too frightend to get around the city by herself. Mark volunteered to ride the bus with Susan each morning and evening untill she could make it herself. For two weeks, Mark accompanied Susan to and from work each day. He taught her how to rely on her other , specially her hearing to determine where she was and how to adapt to her new environment.A. feelingsB. organsC. skillsD. senses【错因分析】做此题时，考生很容易忽视前文的特定语境而误选。【参考答案】D在解答这类完形填空时，考生要善于利用背景知识，也就是说利用文章所提供的上下文语境来解题。本文是围绕一个盲人来写的，这就是一个特定的背景。After _ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back.A. growing B. putting C. planting D. laying【解析】根据常识，南极地区冰雪覆盖，须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant在这里的意思是“安插”“插牢”。 【答案】C易错点4 忽视逻辑关系1. That holiday morning I didnt have to attend school. Usually, on holidays, Mother allows me to sleep in. And I would certainly take full advantage of it. On this particular morning, _, I felt like getting us early.A. otherwiseB. thereforeC. howeverD. besides【错因分析】考生可能会因弄不清空格所在处上下文的关系而误选。【试题解析】该题后面的“getting us early”和前面的“sleep in”在行文上形成了对比，前后文之间为转折关系，故用however。【参考答案】 C2. My brother fans his friends were all fansthey all bought tickets for the performance. However, at the last minute, one of the friends couldnt go, so my brother _ me the ticket. I was really excited!A. bookedB. offeredC. returnedD. found【错因分析】so 表示前后两部分存在因果关系，如果不注意这点就容易出现错误。【参考答案】B考生在做这类题目时一定要很好的把握上下文的逻辑关系，掌握常见的几种表示转折、让步、条件、因果、并列等逻辑关系的词，再根据上下文语境判断出最佳答案。1. Vitamins are similar because they are made of the same elementsusually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and _ nitrogen. They are different in that their elements are arranged differently, and each vitamin performs one or more specific functions in the body.A. mostly B. partly C. sometimes D. rarely【解析】 短文中的usually和and是本题逻辑推理的线索。And前后构成了并列关系，即and前的 usually carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 这些维生素成分和and 后面的 nitrogen 成分形成并列关系，相应修饰 carbon, hydrogen, oxygen 的usually必然和修饰 nitrogen 的45空的词构成一一对应的逻辑关系。鉴于此，在空格处考虑填入的应是和usually相对应的频度副词，而语义与usually略有不同。mostly 和partly都表示了部分、量的含义，与频度无关。rarely(很少地，罕有地)虽表示了频度关系，但其意义与usually相反，不符合一一对应的一致性，因此排除。只有C项sometimes(不时，有时)恰到好处地表示了and前后两部分的逻辑对应。【答案】C2. Not everyone sees that process in perspective. It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, _, that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, followed by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, although its impact in the media was not immediately apparent.A. indeed B. hence C. however D. therefore【答案】C易错点5 忽视逻辑关系One afternoon, my son Adam asked me, “Are all people the same even if they are different in color?”I thought for a minute, and then I said, “Ill explain, if you can just wait until we make a quick stop at the grocery store. I have something 1 to show you. ” At grocery store, we bought some apples red, green and yellow ones. Back home, I told Adam, “Its time to answer your question.” I put one apple of each 26 on the table. Then I looked at Adam, who had a 2 look on his face.1. A. expressiveB. encouraging C. informativeD. interesting2. A. worriedB. satisfied C. proudD. curious【错因分析】做第1题时，考生容易脱离作者所要表达的思想情感而主观臆断，认为所展示之物一般都是富有表现力的，从而误选expressive。informative也有很强的干扰性，由于此词比较生僻，往往让有些考生举棋不定，最终误选此项；做第2题时，由于作者即将回答孩子先前提出的问题，而此时考生已经明白作者想利用苹果加以阐释，并认为这是一个绝妙的想法，因而考生主观地认为孩子对这种方式感到非常“满意”，从而误选satisfied。【参考答案】1. D2. D阅读过程中，考生有事需要把握文章的语篇情感，尽量与作者的思想产生共鸣，正确理解作者所要表达的思想情感或内心感受。I was so surprised that I was speechless. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. As a result, at the point in our game when Id have predicted the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was _7 to 9 and Ed was leading.【解析】surprised 一词道出了情况的转折，我们可以看到这时作者用词的转变。made an effort，get into shape 等这些褒义词的使用对这些空的选择起到了很好的引导作用。speechless, instead 都是由惊讶得出的。【答案】instead易错点6 忽视语法知识和习惯搭配They told her to stay _ until the emergency personnel arrived, but she thought the car was going to explodeshe should not moveA. quietB. stillC. awayD. calm【错因分析】容易犯忽视习惯搭配型错误。本题考生不知道stay till为固定搭配以及其意思，盲目认为still只是用作副词，意为“仍然”。【试题解析】根据下文的“she should not move”可知，此处表示他们告诉她要保持不动的状态，直到救护人员到达。quiet安静的；still静止的；away不在，离开；calm沉着的。【参考答案】BDeeply touched by the boys words, Moody decided to create a foundation (基金会)that introduces teenagers to the basics of fishing in camping programs. “As a policeman, I saw 1 there was violence, drugs were always behind it. They have a damaging 2 on the kids，” says Moody.1. A. where B. unless C. as D. whether2. A. impression B. burdenC. decision D impact【答案】1. A2. D完形填空的解题技巧:1. 重视首句，要有推断意识完形填空一般不给出标题，但首句往往不设置空，通常是一个完整的句子，它是全文的关键句，也是主导句。考生要从这个窗口领悟文章的有用信息，根据有用信息推断文章的大意及主题，从此找到一个突破口展开思维，准确答题。2. 通读全文，要有作者意识完形填空不是单项选择，它必须建立在理解文章的基础上，因此要通读全文，从语篇的整体内容出发，根据具体语境，结合语言结构，全面考虑，把握文章的脉络，理解全文大意。在通读中，找出文章的主题，尤其是作者的观点，要有作者意识，与作者达成共鸣，把握全局，理清思路，抓住主线，按照作者的思路朝着正确的方向发展，根据特定情节，找到唯一正确的，合乎逻辑的答案。3. 瞻前顾后，要有结构意识做完形填空题时首先要做到瞻前顾后。完形填空题的选项一般从语法角度来看都可以选，但必须要根据文章前后的暗示词以及行文逻辑关系来选择。其次要注意词语用法上的细微差别，结合上下文辨析词汇的内涵、外延、褒贬以及修辞色彩。还要有结构意识，根据句子结构中所需的词汇做出恰当的选择。同时，也要注意一些惯用法，并结合英美生活常识等做出选择。4. 反复推敲，要有纠错意识填完所有空，还要复读一遍，从语法角度入手，仔细推敲时态、语态、语气、主谓一致、代词的格、非谓语动词的形式、形容词和副词以及名词的搭配，要有大胆的纠错意识。而且，还要克服定时思维，重视不同体裁的文章提供的任何细节，准确无误地做好完形填空题。Cloze 1（2017全国新课标卷）While high school does not generally encourage students to explore new aspects of life, college sets the stage for that exploration. I myself went through this 41 process and found something that has changed my 42 at college for the better: I discovered ASL American Sign Language(美式手语).I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before. My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends. The 44 languages were enough in all my interactions(交往). Little did I know that I would discover my 45 for ASL.The 46 began during my first week at college. I watched as the ASL Club 47 their translation of a song. Both the hand movements and the very 48 of communicating without speaking 49 me. What I saw was completely unlike anything I had experienced in the 50 . This newness just left me _51_ more.After that, feeling the need to 52 further, I decided to drop in on one of ASL clubs meetings. I only learned how to 53 the alphabet that day. Yet instead of being discouraged by my 54 progress, I was excited. I then made it a point to 55 those meetings and learn all I could.The following term, I 56 an ASL class. The professor was deaf and any talking was 57 . I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant. 58 , if there had been any talking, it would have 59 us to learn less. Now, I appreciate the silence and the 60 way of communication it opens.41. A. searching B. planning C. natural D. formal42. A. progressB. experienceC. majorD. opinion43. A. chooseB. readC. learnD. create44. A. officialB. foreignC. bodyD. spoken45. A. loveB. concernC. goalD. request46. A. meetingB. tripC. storyD. task47. A. recordedB. performedC. recitedD. discussed48. A. ideaB. amountC. dreamD. reason49. A. disturbedB. supportedC. embarrassedD. attracted50. A. endB. pastC. courseD. distance51. A. showingB. actingC. sayingD. wanting52. A. exerciseB. exploreC. expressD. explain53. A. printB. write C. signD. count54. A. slowB. steadyC. normalD. obvious55. A. chairB. sponsorC. attendD. organize56. A. missedB. passedC. gave up D. registered for57. A. prohibitedB. welcomedC. ignoredD. repeated58. A. Lastly B. ThusC. InsteadD. However59. A. requiredB. causedC. allowedD. expected60. A. easyB. popularC. quickD. new【答案】43. C 考查动词辨析。choose选择；read看，读；learn学习；create创造。句意：我以前从没有过学习手语的冲动。故选C。44. D 考查形容词辨析。official官方的；foreign外国的；body肢体的；spoken口语的。根据前文My entire family is hearing, and so are all my friends.可知作者的家人及朋友都可以听得到，因此作者认为在平时的交流中，口语就足够了。spoken language口语。故选D。45. A考查名词辨析。love热爱；concern关心，顾虑；goal目标；request请求。句意：我没想过我会发现自己对美式手语的热爱。前文中I never felt an urge to 43 any sign language before表明作者以前从未想过学习手语，而根据后文内容可知作者非常喜欢手语。故选A。46. C 考查名词辨析。meeting会议；trip旅行；story故事；task任务。句意：故事发生在我上大学的第一周分析语境可知在这里作者开始讲述在大学学习手语的事情，故选C。50. B 考查名词辨析。end结束，末尾；past过去；course课程；distance距离。句意：我所看到的和我在过去经历的事情完全不同。固定短语in the past在过去。故选B。51. D 考查动词辨析。show展示；act行动；say说；want想要。句意：这种新奇的感觉使我想了解更多。分析语境可知作者被手语吸引，想要进一步了解，所以也有了后文中的参加手语俱乐部的会议，上手语课的经历。故选D。52. B考查动词辨析。exercise锻炼；explore探索；express表达；explain解释。句意：在那之后，我感觉到想要探索更多关于手语的东西，我参加了ASL 俱乐部的一次会议。故选B。53. C 考查动词辨析。print打印；write写；sign签名，打手语；count数。句意：那天我只学会了打字母表的手语。分析语境可知作者第一次参加手语俱乐部的会议，学会的应该是最基本的打字母表的手语。当然，打印字母表、在字母表上签名、数字母表和学习手语都没有联系。故选C。54. A考查形容词辨析。slow缓慢的；steady平稳的；normal正常的；obvious明显的。句意：我并没有因为缓慢的进步而沮丧，相反我很兴奋。因为作者只学会了打字母表的手语，所以进步是很慢的。故选A。55. C 考查动词辨析。chair主持，使入座；sponsor赞助；attend参加；organize组织。句意：我下定决心参加俱乐部所有的会议去学习我能学习的一切。attend meeting参加会议。故选C。56. D 考查动词辨析。miss错过，想念；pass通过；give up放弃；register for报名注册。句意：接下来的一个学期，我报名上了一个手语班。故选D。57. A 考查动词辨析。prohibit禁止；welcome欢迎；ignore忽视；repeat重复。句意：教授的耳朵听不见，任何口语交流都是禁止的。根据后文if there had been any talking可知在课堂上没有口语交流。故选A。Cloze 2（2016浙江）During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. I went to live there in order to be 21 him. I hated the place. I had never 22 been so unhappy. My husband was ordered out on a long-term duty, and I was left in a tiny shack(棚屋) alone. The heat was 23 almost 125F even in the shade of a cactus(仙人掌). 24 a soul to talk to. The wind blew non-stop, and all the food I ate, and the very air I breathed, were 25 with sand, sand, sand!I was so sorry for myself that I wrote to my parents. I told them I was 26 and coming back home. I said I couldnt stand it one minute longer. I 27 be in prison! My father answered my 28 with just two lines two lines that will always sing in my 29 two lines that completely changed my life:Two men looked out from prison bars,One saw the mud, the other saw the stars.I read those two lines 30. I was ashamed of myself. I made up my mind I would find out what was good in my present 31； I would look for the stars.I made friends with the natives, and their 32 amazed me. They gave me presents of their favorite artworks which they had 33 to sell to tourists. I studied the delightful forms of the cactus. I watched for the desert sunsets, and 34 for seashells that had been left there millions of years ago when the sands of the desert had been an ocean 35.What brought about this 36 change in me? The desert hadnt changed, 37 I had. I had changed my 38. And by doing so, I changed an unhappy experience into the most amazing 39 of my life. I was excited by this new world that I had discovered. I had looked out of my self-created prison and 40 the stars.21.A. offB. behindC. nearD. beyond22.A. beforeB. alreadyC. thenD. still23.A. inflexibleB. incomprehensibleC. uncontrollableD. unbearable24.A. OnlyB. NoC. ManyD. Such25.A. coveredB. filledC. buriedD. charged26.A. catching upB. keeping upC. giving upD. getting up27.A. ought toB. might wellC. would ratherD. had better28.A. requestB. callC. questionD. letter29.A. comparisonB. imaginationC. considerationD. memory30.A. over and overB. by and byC. up and downD. now and then31.A. companyB. occupationC. situationD. relationship32.A. movementB. reactionC. guidanceD. purpose33.A. refusedB. failedC. managedD. happened34.A. askedB. huntedC. waitedD. headed35.A. floorB. surfaceC. rockD. level36.A. shockingB. challengingC. puzzlingD. astonishing37.A. asB. butC. forD. or38.A. attitudeB. principleC. identityD. standard39.A. vacationB. operationC. affairD. adventure40.A. soughtB. countedC. foundD. reached【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者随丈夫去加利福尼亚的沙漠地带，百无聊赖之际，她感觉到了一种令人窒息的绝望。因此，她写信告诉父母，而父亲只回了两行字，这两行字使作者茅塞顿开。原来，世界的美在于自己看待世界的态度，而不是世界本身。25.B从上文提到的风不停地刮，所有吃的食物和呼吸的空气中都满是沙子可知，此处是be filled with结构，表示充满，其他都不符合语境。26.C根据下文可知，作者感到很难过，所以写信告诉父母，她要放弃这里，准备回家了，所以用give up来表示放弃。catch up意为赶上；keep up意为保持；get up意为起床，都不符合语意。27.C根据上下文可知，作者宁愿坐牢也不愿生活在这里。would rather表示宁愿，符合语境。28.D从上下文可知，作者给父母写了信，故此处指父亲回了信，故用answer the letter。29.D从下文可知，对于这两行回信，作者这一辈子都会牢牢记住，同时下文也多次提到这封信对作者以后人生的影响，故根据语意选memory表示记忆。comparison表示比较；imagination表示想象；consideration表示考虑，都不符合语境。30.A从全文可知，作者对父亲回信中的这两句话一读再读。所以选over and over表示一再、多次，来突出作者对其印象深刻。31.C 结合上下文可知，此时指作者决定要找出她当前处境中的优点所在就像父亲信中所说的星星一样，所以用situation表示处境。32.B从上文可知，作者与当地人交了朋友，而他们的反应也令她很吃惊，故用reaction，表示反应、回应。movement意为活动；guidance意为指导；purpose意为目的，都不符合语境。33.A根据语境可知，当地人把一些他们最喜欢的、拒绝出售给游客的艺术品都当作礼物送给了作者，所以选refused。34.B hunt for是固定词组，表示寻找、追寻，符合语境。Cloze 3Reading as a teen 1 success. When teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do well in school. First of all, the 2 reading expands their vocabularies. It also shows them how different writers put down their thoughts leading to better writing skills. And teens who read more serious literary works 3 skills in handling complex ideas. The more teens read, the more information they pick up. This leads to a solid core of knowledge that is useful in a wide 4 of classes. For example, the teen who reads biographies has a better 5 of prominent people studied in history classes.Another big 6 of reading as a teen is a good 7 score on the verbal section of a college admissions test. No other activity builds the vocabulary and comprehension skills needed to do well on these tests as well as reading. 8 helping teens do well in school, reading also helps them 9 their horizons as they learn more about people and the world. Plus, reading can 10 the fact to teens that everyone has problems in his or her life and may even help teens see 11 to their own problems. Finally, reading is 12 . It can bring a great deal of pleasure to teens.Parents can encourage their children to stay 13 with reading by expressing interest in what they are reading and tying it to other activities. If a teen is 14 by racing stories, try to take the child to 15 in a race. If a teen likes a book that has been turned into a movie, make sure he or she sees the movie.1. A. refers toB. adapts toC. leads toD. responds to2. A. supplementaryB. detectiveC. qualifiedD. reasonable3. A. desireB. competeC. gainD. afford4. A. commandB. varietyC. recommendationD. competition5. A. affectingB. searchingC. promotingD. understanding6. A. qualificationB. instructionC. resistanceD. benefit7. A. convenientB. effectiveC. academicD. likely8. A. NeverthelessB. ThereforeC. As a resultD. Besides9. A. endureB. expandC. commentD. describe10. A. adoptB. illustrateC. promoteD. connect11. A. confidenceB. resistanceC. solutionsD. success12. A. enjoyableB. gentleC. equalD. fashionable13. A. qualifiedB. participatedC. involvedD. enrolled14. A. fascinatedB. adoptedC. recommendedD. engaged15. A. attendB. participateC. combineD. check【文章大意】文章介绍了广泛阅读对青少年的好处，不仅可以提高他们的学习成绩，还可以开阔视野，提高各个方面的技能。1. C 根据下文When teens read more than just their classroom assignments, research clearly shows that they generally do well in school.可知，年轻的时候阅读会导致成功。leads to导致。故选C。7. C 根据下文No other activity builds the vocabulary and comprehension skills needed to do well on these tests as well as reading.可知，年轻人阅读的另外一个好处是在大学入学考试中能得到很好的学习成绩。academic学术的。故选C。8. D 根据下文reading also helps them 9 their horizons as they learn more about people and the world. 可知，除了帮年轻人在学校学习好外，阅读也帮助他们开阔视野。Besides除了。故选D。9. B 根据下文as they learn more about people and the world.可知，阅读也帮助他们开阔视野。expand扩大。故选B。10. B 句意：还有阅读可以对年轻人阐明一个事实：每个人在生活中都会遇到问题。illustrate阐明。故选B。Cloze 4In a world where comparisons happen non-stop, it is difficult to look outside yourself and toever be 1with who you are. Theres always someone whos a bit 2. The only solution is to reach 3and measure against what Warren Buffett calls your own inner yardstick. There is no more 4measure for comparison than who you were yesterday, last week or lastdecade, when you were at your 5.Nothing useful ever comes from comparison to others. 6you see yourself as better thansomeone and you get 7, or you see someone else as better than you and you feel like all yourhard work is for 8. It is a fools game. Not one of us is 9alike. The only direct and honestcomparison is 10yourself. Everything else is apples to oranges.My opinion is that you are only11to compare yourself to someone else if their life 12is the same as your own. Good luck finding that match. And one t
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