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2022-4-192不定式语法不定式语法 教学计划教学计划课时章节课时章节The Infinitive课时教学目标课时教学目标I. Introduce what the infinitive is.II. Explain the usage of.课课时时教教学学过过程程设设计计新课教学要点及教学难点分析新课教学要点及教学难点分析教学教学方法方法教学教学时间时间I. The infinitive is used as the subject. To compromise appears advisable. A. It + be + adj. + to do B. It + be + n. + to do C. It + v. + to do D. It + be +prepositional phrases + to doII. The tense and the voice of the infinitive. to do/to be done to be doing to have been doing to have done/ to have been doneTeaching352022-4-193不定式语法不定式语法 教学计划教学计划续课时教学过程设计I. The infinitive is used as the predicate.II. The infinitive is used as the object.III. The infinitive is used as the attribute.IV. The infinitive is used as the predicative.V. The logical subject.Teaching55小 结教学方法教学时间The usage of the infinitive is important in SCET-3. We must spend more time on it and practice more.Narrating10作 业 布 置The exercises on the reference books.2022-4-194不定式语法不定式语法 不定式概述不定式概述不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式 动词不定式动词不定式（to+to+动词原形）动词原形）是一种非谓语动是一种非谓语动词形式，它不能词形式，它不能单独作谓语，但单独作谓语，但可以有自己的宾可以有自己的宾语、状语、补足语、状语、补足语等，并和它们语等，并和它们一起构成不定式一起构成不定式短语，在句中作短语，在句中作主语、谓语、表主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语，状语和补足语，动词不定式也有动词不定式也有时态和语态的变时态和语态的变化，是三级常考化，是三级常考点之一。点之一。2022-4-195不定式语法不定式语法 不定式构成谓语不定式构成谓语不定式构成谓语有下面几种方式： 1)不带to的不定式和某些助动词构成谓语 Shall I help you? I will be back right now. 2)不带to的不定式和情态动词构成谓语 We must keep this in mind. How can we convince him? 3)不定式和某些动词构成谓语 She happened to live in the same area. You appear to have traveled a lot.12022-4-196不定式语法不定式语法 不定式构成谓语不定式构成谓语 4)不定式和某些形容词构成谓语 Madame is sure to be right. He is certain to return. 5)不定式和某些被动结构构成复合谓语 He is said to have been in China many times. This was thought to be impossible.12022-4-197不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-198不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作主语不定式作主语不定式可以作主语，不定式作主语谓语用单数：To compromise appears advisable.To stop the work now seems impossible. 但在更多情况下都用“it”作先行主语, 而把不定式这个真正的主语放到句子后面去, 这样可使主语不至显得太长, 避免头重脚轻的现象, 常见的这类句子有以下几种：22022-4-199不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作主语不定式作主语1)It+be+形容词+不定式 It is hard to say which is better. Its foolish to act like that.2)It+be+名词+不定式 Its an honour to meet you. Its our duty to obey the law.22022-4-1910不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作主语不定式作主语3)It+动词（宾语）+不定式 It cost a lot of money to build this museum. It requires patience to be a teacher. It took me two hours to find your new house.4)It+ be +介词短语+不定式 Its against my principles to collaborate(合作) with them. Its not within my power to change his view.22022-4-1911不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1912不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语时特别多, 许多动词都可跟这种宾语。常见的动词有: afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, bear, Begin, bother, care, choose, claim, consent, continue, dare, decide, decline, demand, deserve, desire, determine, endeavour, expect, fail, forget, guarantee, hate，help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, like, long, love, manage, mean, need, neglect, offer, plan, pledge, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, remember, resolve, scorn, seek, strive, swear, threaten, trouble, try, undertake , volunteer, vote, vow, wait, want, wish等。 He agreed to pay $4,000 for the car. They failed to fulfil the plan. 32022-4-1913不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 当作宾语的不定式有自己的宾语补足语的时当作宾语的不定式有自己的宾语补足语的时候，动词不定式要用形式宾语候，动词不定式要用形式宾语“it”来代替，而把来代替，而把真正的宾语真正的宾语动词不定式放到句末动词不定式放到句末。其构成为：。其构成为：)()()S.(真正宾语动词宾语补足语形式宾语主语toitbelieveofthinkregardknowfeelmakeconsider We all think it most foolish of you to make this mistake. He found it difficult to lift the big stone. 32022-4-1914不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 动词不定式作宾语补足语的时，与宾语之间有逻动词不定式作宾语补足语的时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓语关系，这样的宾语和宾语补足语一起称辑上的主谓语关系，这样的宾语和宾语补足语一起称为复合宾语，能带复合宾语的动词有：为复合宾语，能带复合宾语的动词有： ask, tell, beg, allow, help, wish, invite, get, want, like, expect, request, intend, cause, order, permit, warn, force, oblige, hate, prefer, encourage, advise, persuade, remind, urge, press, command等。等。 I asked George to convey my best wishes to his mother. My boss told me to type out two letters. He likes the students to eat well. 32022-4-1915不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作宾语不定式作宾语 下列动词也能带复合宾语，但其不定式要省下列动词也能带复合宾语，但其不定式要省略略to。 make, let, have, see, watch, hear, feel, notice, listen to, look at, help（to可有可无）等。可有可无）等。 Dont forget to have him come. Did you see anyone enter the house? I heard the clock strike twelve when he came back last night. 32022-4-1916不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1917不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作定语不定式作定语 1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系 He was the last one to leave school yesterday. The train to arrive was from London. 2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系 Give him something to eat. Mr. White is a worker, but he has a large family to support. 3)作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，后面要带适当的介词。 I have no pen to write with. ( to write with no pen) There is a nice room to live in. ( to live in the room) The river is wide and deep. It is a good place to swim in. ( to swim in the river)42022-4-1918不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作定语不定式作定语 4)不定式修饰一些抽象名词，如： ability, decision, need, plan, promise, failure, wish, the first, second, last, only, best等。 His wish to buy a car came true. Their decision to give up the experiment surprised me. He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 5)有时一个不定式(短语)的作用接近于一个定语从句( 大多表示要发生的事)： That will be the right procedure to follow ( you should follow ). Are you going to the banquet to be held on Friday at the embassy?42022-4-1919不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1920不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作状语不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语可以表示目的，结果和原因等。 1)表示目的 动词不定式作状语表目的，常与to，in order to，so as to (不能放在句首)等搭配使用。 She took a plane in order to come back soon. She took a plane so as to come back soon. In order to come back soon, she took a plane. She took a plane to come back soon. 52022-4-1921不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作状语不定式作状语 2)表示结果 动词不定式作状语表示结果，在形式上有时与目的状语一样，但是位于句首的一定是目的状语，位于句末的既可能是目的状语，也可能是结果状语,这时要根据上下文进行逻辑判断，表结果的动词不定式常与别的副词搭配使用，如：tooto(太以至不)，only to do (表示与预料相反的结果，意思是“不料，反而，结果”等)。 In 1935 he left home never to return. His family was too poor to support him. The College Academic Hall is big enough to hold five hundred people. He always gets up so early as to catch the first bus. He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.52022-4-1922不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作状语不定式作状语 3)表示原因 They jumped with joy to hear the news. My mother was angry to see us dance. We are proud of to be young people of China. 4)有些不定式可以用来修饰整个句子，因而可以称作句子状语。 To be honest, I just dont like him. To tell you the truth, Ive never met him. To be frank, you are a bad driver.52022-4-1923不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1924不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作表语不定式作表语 1)不定式有时可以用作表语说明主语的具体内容。 Her ambition was to be a film star. Marys task is to set the table. His goal is to be a scientist. 2)不定式作表语还可以表示其它东西（如目的）等。 This wall is to keep people out of the garden. The thing now is to get ahead. The problem was to find the right people for the job.62022-4-1925不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1926不定式语法不定式语法 不定式作逻辑主语不定式作逻辑主语 1)每个不定式可以有其逻辑主语，它可能是句子的主语或宾语，如： I had a lot of letters to write.(I是to write的逻辑主语) I will give you something to read. (you是to read的逻辑主语) 当句中没有适当的词可作不定式逻辑主语时，可以借助一个由for引导的短语来表示它的逻辑主语。 Here are some books for you to read on the way.72022-4-1927不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1928不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的否定形式不定式的否定形式 动词不定式的否定形式是在动词不定式前面加not，即not to+动词原形。 They told me not to go there. Grace advised us to withdraw so as not to get involved.82022-4-1929不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1930不定式语法不定式语法 不定式疑问式不定式疑问式 由“疑问词 + to + 动词原形”构成动词不定式的这种形式起名词作用，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、直接宾语和介词宾语。 Whether to go or not is not decided.(主语) I really dont know what to do next. (宾语) The question is how to inform him. (表语) I will ask him how to operate the machine. (直接宾语) Im thinking of where to get the book. (介词宾语)92022-4-1931不定式语法不定式语法 目录目录不定式的不定式的时态和语态时态和语态 不定式的不定式的疑问式疑问式 不定式的不定式的否定形式否定形式 不定式的不定式的逻辑主语逻辑主语 作表语作表语 作状语作状语 作定语作定语 作宾语作宾语 作主语作主语 构成谓语构成谓语 不定式不定式2022-4-1932不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 不定式有时态和语态的变化，时态共四种，即一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式。语态分为主动语态和被动语态，如下表所示。10语态语态 时态时态主动语态主动语态被动语态被动语态一般式一般式 to do to be done完成式完成式 to have done to have been done进行式进行式 to be doing/完成进行式完成进行式 to have been doing/2022-4-1933不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表示的动作的执行者时用主动语态；当动词不定式的逻辑主语是动词不定式所表达的动作的承受者时用被动语态。进行式和完成进行式没有被动语态。 1)现在时：一般现在时表示的动词，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。 He seems to know this. I hope to see you again = I hope that Ill see you again. 102022-4-1934不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 2)完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Im sorry to have given you so much trouble. He seems to have caught a cold. 3)进行时：强调动作已在延续或动作正在进行。 They seem to be getting along well with their new jobs. He seems to be eating something.102022-4-1935不定式语法不定式语法 不定式的时态和语态不定式的时态和语态 4)完成进行时：表示动作是在谓语动词所表示的动作之前就一直在进行。 They are said to have been collecting stamps for over twenty years. He appears to have been waiting a long time. 动词不定式主动语态形式的使用要比被动语态形式的使用普遍，有时（尤其在口语中）虽然意思上是被动的，也往往用主动语态形式来表示。 I have three motors to repair today. The task is difficult to finish on time. 10NOTICE2022-4-1936
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