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LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE GRAMMAR 动词动词-ing形式的被动式形式的被动式 动词动词-ing形式的被动式形式的被动式, 其构成为其构成为 “being+动词的过去分词动词的过去分词”, 可在句中作可在句中作主语主语, 表语表语, 宾语宾语, 宾语补足语宾语补足语, 定语和状定语和状语语, 但不能单独作谓语但不能单独作谓语, 其完成形式为其完成形式为having been done, 多在句中作状语。多在句中作状语。 如果动词如果动词-ing形式的逻辑主语为所形式的逻辑主语为所表示的动作的承受者，动词表示的动作的承受者，动词-ing形式形式要用被动语态，动词要用被动语态，动词-ing形式的被动形式的被动语态有一般式与完成式之分。语态有一般式与完成式之分。 1)一般式一般式: Being badly wounded, the whale soon died.George didnt like being kept waiting.I am not interested in the topic being discussed.He was afraid of being scolded by the teacher. 他害怕被老师责骂。他害怕被老师责骂。 此外此外, 动词动词-ing形式的被动式还可以在形式的被动式还可以在句中构成复合宾语。如：句中构成复合宾语。如：Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere.你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。He often watched the boats being unloaded. 他常常看轮船卸货。他常常看轮船卸货。As we approached the village we saw new houses being built.走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。走近村子时我们看到正在盖新房。 而且在而且在want, need, deserve, require等等动动词后词后, 尽管表示的是被动含义尽管表示的是被动含义, 我们却用我们却用动词动词-ing形式，也可以用不定式的被动形式，也可以用不定式的被动形形式来替换。如：式来替换。如：The blackboard needs cleaning. = The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。黑板需要擦干净。The broken window wants repairing. = The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。那个破窗户需要修理。 在在worth这个形容词后情形也是这样这个形容词后情形也是这样: Her method is worth trying. 她的方法值得试一下。她的方法值得试一下。 2) 完成式表示动名词的动作发生在完成式表示动名词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。谓语动作之前。 He prided himself on having never been beaten in class. 【拓展延伸【拓展延伸】 在表示一个被动动作时，如果这在表示一个被动动作时，如果这个动作是现在正在进行的，或是个动作是现在正在进行的，或是与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，与谓语表示的动作同时发生的，我们可以用现在分词的被动。我们可以用现在分词的被动。(1) 作定语作定语That building being repaired is our library.正在翻修的那座楼是我们的正在翻修的那座楼是我们的图书馆。图书馆。He asked who was the man being operated on. 他问这时动手术的人是谁。他问这时动手术的人是谁。(2) 构成复合结构构成复合结构Youll find the topic being discussed everywhere. 你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。你会听到到处都在讨论这个问题。He often watched the boated being unloaded. 他常常看轮船卸货。他常常看轮船卸货。(3) 作状语作状语Being asked to give a performance, she couldnt very well refuse. 有人有人请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。请她表演一个节目，她不好拒绝。Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 有一堵厚墙有一堵厚墙掩护着，他们感到很安全。掩护着，他们感到很安全。有时还有完成被动形式：有时还有完成被动形式：Having been given such a good chance, how could se let it slip away? 人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能人家给了她这样一个好机会，她怎么能轻易放过？轻易放过？The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.决决议既已做出议既已做出, 下个问题就是如何制定一个下个问题就是如何制定一个好的规划了。好的规划了。动词动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?1. So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.2. He didnt mind being left at home. 3. That building being repaired is our library.4. Being protected by a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe. 5. Having been given such a good chance, how could she let it slip away?主语主语subject宾语宾语object定语定语attributive状语状语adverbial状语状语adverbial1. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom. （2007 全国卷全国卷II）A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and closeChoose the right answer.2. _ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to ones skin. (上海上海2002)A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed分析分析: 本句中本句中expose与与ones skin是动宾关是动宾关系系, 根据句意根据句意, 应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光应该是皮肤被暴露在阳光下下, 所以要用动词所以要用动词-ing形式的被动形式作形式的被动形式作主语主语, 故答案为故答案为C。 3. The discovery of new evidence led to _. （上海（上海2003）A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught分析分析: lead to 中的中的to 是介词是介词, 后接动词后接动词-ing形式作宾语。形式作宾语。“小偷被抓小偷被抓”应用动应用动词词-ing的被动形式的被动形式being caught, 所以选所以选C。4. _ twice, the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog. （09北京）北京） A. Being bitten B. Bitten C. Having bitten D. To be bitten 5. _ many times, he finally understood it. （09四川）四川） A. Told B. Telling C. Having told D. Having been told 【答案】【答案】D 考查非谓语的用法。考查非谓语的用法。【点拨】【点拨】tell与主语之间的关系是被动与主语之间的关系是被动 和完成的关系，所以用和完成的关系，所以用having been done来表示被动和完成。来表示被动和完成。 6. I hear theyve promoted Tom, but he didnt mention _ when we talked on the phone. (09 江西卷江西卷) A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted【答案】【答案】B 本题考查非谓语动词的完成本题考查非谓语动词的完成式。式。Mention后面跟动名词，且后面跟动名词，且promote与与he为动宾关系，故应用为动宾关系，故应用V-ing的被动形的被动形式，又因为式，又因为“提升提升”在在“打电话打电话”之前，之前，故故用完成时。用完成时。【实战演练【实战演练I 】1. - What made Bill so angry? - _. His girl friend promised to come at 8:30, but she hasnt come yet.A. Having kept waiting B. Being kept waitingC. To be kept waiting D. Being kept waitedB2.The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though theres noise most of the day, we still feel happy about it.A. built B. having been built C. to be built D. being builtD3. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch4. - What do you think of the book? - Excellent, its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being readCC5. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuadedC6. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party.A. having not been invited B. not having invitedC. having not invited D. not having been invitedD7. The discovery of new vehicle led to_. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thiefC . the thief being caught D. the thief to be caughtC8. Tony was very angry at _ to a higher position.A. I not promoting B. my not being promotedC. not me being promoted D. not promotedB9. You cant imagine what great trouble they have _ the problem_. A. to solve; being discussed B. solving ; being talked about C. to solve; to talk about D. solving; to discussB10.-Car 17 won the race. - Yes, but its driver came close to _.A. having killed B. having been killed C. be killed D. being killedD11. _ from other continents for millions of years, Australian had many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world.A. Being separated B. Having separatedC. Having been separated D. to be separatedC12. -A traffic jam? - Oh, no. _the right side of the road is closed for the time being.A. To be repaired B. Being repaired C. Repaired D. Having repairedB 【实战演练【实战演练II 】1. We congratulated him on his electing chairman. being electing chairman【解析】非谓语动词【解析】非谓语动词elect的逻辑主的逻辑主语为语为him, 它们之间存在被动关系，它们之间存在被动关系，故用故用being elected。2. He didnt mind not to invite to the ball.being invited【解析】【解析】invite与句子主语之间为被动与句子主语之间为被动关系，有因为关系，有因为mind后跟动名词，故使用后跟动名词，故使用动名词的被动形式；其否定形式是在非动名词的被动形式；其否定形式是在非谓语动词的最前面加谓语动词的最前面加not。3. I can hardly imagine the work to be done within five days.being done 【解析】【解析】imagine后只能跟动名词后只能跟动名词, 且且do与与the work之间存在被动关系之间存在被动关系, 故用故用动名词的被动形式。动名词的被动形式。4. He being beaten at chess was a great surprise to us.His being beaten【解析】动名词作主语时，其前可以加【解析】动名词作主语时，其前可以加一个物主代词或名词的所有格形式来一个物主代词或名词的所有格形式来表示其逻辑主语，但不能使用人称代表示其逻辑主语，但不能使用人称代词或普通名词。词或普通名词。【实战演练【实战演练III】用所给词的适当形式填空。】用所给词的适当形式填空。1. I appreciated _ (give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.2. Our neighbor came close to _ (kill) in a traffic accident the other day. being given / having been givenbeing killed3. While shopping, we sometimes cant help _ (persuade) to buy what we dont really need.4. It made me upset to hear the news of his _ (fire) from that good job.5. The foreign friends you referred to are looking forward to _ (show) around our newly built language lab.being shown being persuadedbeing fired / having been firedIV. 将下列句子翻译成英语。将下列句子翻译成英语。1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。2. 这问题远远没有解决。这问题远远没有解决。 He could not bear being made fun of like that. This question is far from being settled. 3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。5. 既然已做出了决定既然已做出了决定, 下个问题就是如何下个问题就是如何 制定一个好的计划。制定一个好的计划。 He did it without being asked. You cant eat anything before being operated on.The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.
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