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Module3Unit 2 Language（1）1、 ban vt. 禁止，取缔禁止，取缔Bicycles are banned from the newlybuilt motorway. 自行车禁止上新建的机动车道。forbid, ban二者都含有“禁止” 的意思。forbid 是常用词，指 “命令某人不做”。ban语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止”，含“严厉谴责”之意，只能用事物作其宾语。The doctor forbids him to smoke. 医生禁止他吸烟。Ban atomic and nuclear weapons! 禁止原子武器和核武器。2、 access n. 通路，接近/使用进入某地的方法/权利/可能性，接近某人的方法/权利/可能性He is a man of easy access.他是一个很好接近的人。Citizens may have free access to the library.市民可以免费使用这个图书馆。We have access to the Internet in the classroom.我们在教室里可以上互联网。The only access to the man is through his secretary.唯一能接近此人的方法是通过其秘书。2、 access v. 接近，使用I cant access the file on your company because Ive forgotten the code.我无法使用贵公司的文件， 因为我把代码忘了。accessible adj. 可接近的；可使用的；随和的be accessible to sb. 能为某人接近或使用的have / gain / obtain access to sb. / sth. 得以接近/会见某人/某物；得以进入/使用某物available adj. 能够被获得的/使用的/到达的/(人)有空闲的 Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。 Im afraid these shoes are not _ in your size. A. applicable B. available C. accessible D. adaptableBavailable 可得到的。3、raise vt.(1) 举起She raised her finger to her lips as a sign for silence.她举起一根手指放在唇边，示意安静。(2) 提高(音量、价格、程度等)The landlord raised my rent.房东提高了我的租金。(3)种植(农作物等)、饲养(家禽等)、抚养(子女)The farmer raises chickens and corn.农夫养鸡和种植玉米。3、raise vt.(4)筹集(资金)We hope to raise a lot of money for the people suffering in the earthquake.我们想为这次地震受灾者筹一大笔钱。(5)唤起、引起His funny stories raised a few laughs.他有趣的故事引来一阵笑声。(6) 提出(问题等)I wonder if I could raise this problem with you now.不知我现在能否向您提及这问题。raise sb. to ones feet 把某人扶起来raise ones voice 提高声音raise a family 养家糊口Steam can be seen _ from wet clothes. A. rose B. raise C. to raise D. to riseDseerise 看到升起来。rise意为“升起来”，不及物动词，raise 是及物动词必须接宾语。4、indicate vt. 表明，指示，表示，显示，示意What do they indicate? 他们表示什么意思？The symptoms indicate immediate surgery. 症状表明急需外科手术。When quoting old sayings, please indicate the specific reference(s) 引用名言时必须加列参考书目。 There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain. A. indicate B. indicating C. to indicate D. to be indicatingB句意“有大量证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部位。”考查非谓语动词作定语。B项作定语表主动，相当于which indicates。5、contribute vt. & vi. 捐献，捐赠；贡献出；投稿(to)contribute sth. to sth. 将某物捐献/贡献给；向供稿contribute to sth.也是的原因，促成/助长The writer personally contributed 5,000 dollars to the earthquake fund. 那位作家个人给地震基金会捐赠了5000美元。His carelessness contributed to the accident. 他的粗心大意是造成事故的原因。He contributes regularly to English Weekly. 他定期给英语周报投稿。Im sure regular exercise will contribute to curing your disease. 我相信有规律地锻炼将有助于治疗你的病。Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness. 诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。contribute vt. 捐助， 投稿contributing adj. 贡献的contribution n. 贡献， 捐款(赠) make contributions to 为作贡献 中国对世界的经济作出了很大的贡献。_China has made great contributions to the economy development of the world. 当然，来自不同国家的人们对美式英语的发展作出了杰出的贡献。_Of course, people from many different countries made their contributions to the development of American English. All union members should _the Welfare Fund.所有工会会员都应向福利基金会捐款。contribute to6、combine vt. 使联合，结合Some movies combine education with recreation. 有些电影寓教于乐。combination n. 联合；结合be combined with 与结合connectwith 和有联系connect to 连接；接通combine theory with practice 理论与实践相结合We think it necessary that theory practice. 我们认为理论与实际相结合是必要的。(should) be combined withStudy can _ pleasure. 可以做到学习和娱乐两不误。be combined withHe _ that company no longer. 他不再和那家公司有联系了。was connected with7、辨析辨析beat, defeat, win, gain(1) beat着重“连续地击打”，如殴打、体罚、海浪拍岸、心跳。另外可指“击败”，此时其宾语必须是人或一个集体，是游戏比赛的专门用词。(2) defeat 意为“打败，击败”，与beat同义，其宾语也必须是人或一个集体。尤指在战场上打败敌人。suffer a defeat 战败； 遭受挫败conquer指“征服、战胜”，特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”。conquer nature 征服自然overcome 战胜、压倒、克服(尤指“感情”而言)overcome difficulties 克服困难(3) win 表示在较强的竞争中取胜，其宾语常是game, war, prize, fame, battle等。其反义词为lose。(4)gain表示获得需要的东西，它常跟的宾语有ones living, experience, strength, time, knowledge, attention, respect, admiration等。His father beat the naughty boy. 他的父亲打了这个调皮的男孩。The hopes were defeated. 希望落空了。Their team has won the game. 他们队赢了这场比赛。Hes alive his heart is still _. 他还活着心脏还在跳。beatingOur men were heavily _ in the battle. 我军在此次战役中受到重创。defeatedHe soon _ a reputation for himself. 他很快就成名了。wonWe shall _ experience through much practice. 我们要通过大量的实践来获得经验。gainIt was the last question on the paper that _me. 卷子上的最后一个问题使我受到挫折。defeated1、be made up of 由组成；由构成Animal bodies are made up of cells. 动物的身体是由细胞组成的。Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities. 社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。be made of 由制成(制成品能看出原材料是什么)be made from由制成(制成品不能看出原材料是什么)be made in 在生产(制造)的be made into 把制成(材料制成产品) The government has sent a medical team _(由10名医生和6名护士组成) to the village.made up of 10 doctors and 6 nursesOur association (协会) (由组成) people from every field of life.is made up of2、 take control of 掌管掌管 Its no easy task to take control of a class of children. 管住一个班的小孩子可不是件容易的事。The British government at that time took control of the island. 当时的英国政府控制该岛。As Mary was in poor health, I was asked to _ the business. A. in control ofB. under the control ofC. take control ofD. have a control of Ctake control of 掌管。3、辨析辨析at one time, at a time(1)at one time 一次，同时；一度，曾经At one time they met frequently. 他们一度经常见面。(2)at a time 每次，一次Order! One at a time, please. 守秩序！请一个一个来。Take two pills at a time. 一次服两颗(药)。 at times 有时，间或at the time of在时候at all times 始终，经常at any time 在任何时候at the same time 同时，而at no time 在任何时候都不in no time 立刻，马上for the time being 暂时for some time 一段时间by the time到的时候from time to time 有时in time 及时；迟早on time 准时Experts have been warning _ of the health risks caused by passive smoking. A. at a time B. at one time C. for some time D. for the time beingC句意：专家们提醒注意被动吸烟给健康带来的危害已有一段时间了。考查介词搭配。A每次、逐一、依次；B一度，曾经；C一段时间；D暂时，眼下。4、 consist of 由由组成，不能用于被动语态组成，不能用于被动语态(be made up of) The committee _ nine members set out for the disaster area immediately. A. consisted of B. consisting of C. made of D. made up forBconsisting of 由组成。在句中作定语。Today, the spread of borrowed words is mostly due to easily accessed Internet and television programmes from across the world.今天，世界各地大多都可以方便地上网和收看电视节目，使得外来词广为传播。(1)easily accessed 是定语，修饰后面的television and radio programmes。The easily accessed computer system is unsafe from hackers.这个易进入的电脑系统，很不安全，会遭到黑客的攻击。(2)due to 由于，因为Due to his illness, Mike didnt come to school today.由于生病，迈克今天没来上学。1. A用不定式表示目的，引起人们对食品安全的关注。1More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _ peoples concern over food safety.(2011重庆) A. to raise B. raising C. to have raised D. having raised2. AOne reasonis that 固定句型。2. One reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(2010上海) A. that B. how C. what D. why3. Chopefully 充满希望地； normally 正常地； thankfully 谢天谢地；非常感谢地； conveniently 方便地。3. _， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.(2011安徽) A. Hopefully B. Normally C. Thankfully D. Conveniently4. A句意“如果你偶然发现瑕疵而又还想要这辆自行车，你可以让店员降低价格。” care about 关心，在乎； look for 寻找； focus upon 集中(注意力)，都与题意不符，只有come across意为“偶然发现，偶遇”符合句意，故正确答案为A。4. If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.(2011安徽) A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 如何写好it句型动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句在句子中作主语、宾语时，转换用it作形式主语、宾语可以使句子的表达更地道，增加了语言的美感。此外，it还可以用于强调句型。掌握下面的有关it的一些常用句型有助于写作水平的提高。【句型1】It be(其他动词) adj. / n. 不定式(v.ing分词，从句)It is difficult for us to work out the problem. 对我们来说，解出这道题是很难的。 例：To write the article will take him a long time.It will take a long time to write the article.【句型2】It takes sb. some time to do sth.【句型3】It is said (suggested / reported etc.) that从句It is suggested that we should put off the meeting. (有人) 建议会议延期召开。 【句型4】It seems that从句 / as if从句【句型5】主语 谓语 it 宾补 不定式/ ving分词/ 从句I found it important to learn spoken English.我发现学习英语口语非常重要。【句型6】It be 被强调部分 that从句 翻译下列句子1. 我很荣幸在这里谈谈全球水资源短缺的问题。 _1. Its my great honor to be here to say something about the global water shortage. 2. 是我们该为它做点什么事情的时候了。 _2. Its high time that we did something about it. 3. 对我来说，学好英语最重要。 _3. Its very important for me to learn English well.4. 在中国，中学生得每天晚上花4小时完成作业。_4. In China, it takes 4 hours for middle schools students to finish their homework.5. 会议将在大厅里举行。_5. It is in the hall that the meeting will be held.
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