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知识盘点真题探究 1.倒装句型、强调句型和反意疑问句中的主谓一致。2.强调句型中被强调的代词的格应与原句一致。3.否定副词、由only修饰的状语、so / such置于句首时的倒装。4.反意疑问句的句型、时态、人称一致原则,祈使句、复合句的反意疑问句,陈述部分带有must / may时的反意疑问句。5.省略和替代主要考查:(1)并列句和状语从句中的省略;(2)动词不定式的省略;知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究(3)so, not的替代作用;(4)do, do it / do that / do so的替代作用。一、强调句 强调句型可强调句子中的主语、宾语和状语等成分,但不能强调定语和谓语。被强调部分可以是单词、短语,也可以是从句。被强调的代词格应与原句一致;被强调的部分如果是原句的主语,who / that后的谓语在人称和数上应与原句的主语保持一致。考点1强调句型用于强调陈述句形式:it is / was+被强调部分+that / who.知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究It is English that is the most widely used in the world nowadays. 在当今世界使用最广泛的是英语。It is what you usually do that really matters. 真正重要的是你平常的所作所为。It was the man who was dressed in black that helped to catch the thief. 正是穿黑衣服的那个人帮助逮住了小偷。It was because her mother was ill that she didnt go to work. 是因为母亲生了病她才没来上班。为了增加试题的难度,被强调部分常常为主语从句、宾语从句知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究、带定语从句或同位语从句的名词、并列关系的从句等,有时还把强调句型和其他句型结合起来考查。考点2强调句型用于强调一般疑问句形式:Is / Was it+被强调部分+that / who.? (that / who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序)Is it Professor Wang that / who teaches you English?是王教授教你们英语的吗?Was it in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started? 现代奥运会始于1896年吗?知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究注:还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。I wonder if it was in 1896 that the modern Olympic Games started.考点3强调句型用于强调特殊疑问句形式:疑问词+is / was it that / who.? (that / who从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序)Who was it that broke the window? 打破窗子的是谁?When was it that he called me yesterday? 他昨天给我打电话是在什么时候?注:还可以把强调句型用于宾语从句中,但要注意语序的变化。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究I dont know when it was that he called me yesterday.考点4强调句型用于强调“not.until.”句型和“only+状语.”句型。形式:It is / was not until.that.(that从句中的谓语动词要用陈述语序)It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed. 直到十点钟他才去睡觉。普通句型:He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.倒装句型:Not until ten oclock did he go to bed.知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究考点5变式强调句型变式1:It must / may / might be.that.变式2:It must / may / might have been.that.变式3:It cant / couldnt be.that.变式4:Can / Could it be.that.It must be my book that he is reading. 他在看的一定是我的书。Could it be Tom that is making the noise? 会是汤姆弄出这种噪音的吗?知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究考点6强调句型与状语从句、定语从句的区别判断是否是强调句型,可先把it is / was.that.去掉,如果剩下的部分无论在语法上还是在意义上都仍然是完整的句子,那么就是强调句型,否则就不是。It was at eight oclock that he arrived home.(强调句型)It was eight oclock when he arrived home.(时间状语从句)It was at eight oclock when he was walking along the street.(定语从句)It was two years ago that I began to learn English.(强调句型)知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究It is two years since I began to learn English.(时间状语从句)It was two years before I began to learn English.(时间状语从句)考点7谓语动词的强调强调句型It is / was.that.不能强调谓语动词,如果强调谓语动词,要用组动词do, does或did。但谓语动词必须是实意动词,且只能是一般现在时和一般过去时。I do think you are a good cookHe did write to you last week.另外,do还可用于对祈使句的强调。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究Do come this evening!Do be careful! 二、倒装句英语句子的自然语序是主语在前,谓语动词在后。把谓语动词放在主语之前,就叫倒装结构。如果全部谓语放在主语之前,叫完全倒装;如果只把助动词或情态动词放在主语之前,就叫部分倒装。(一)完全倒装考点1“There be +主语+.”结构在“There be +主语+.”结构中,be有时用stand / exist / lie / live知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究 / flow等不及物动词代替。There stood an old man under the tree. 树下站着一位老人。考点2Here / There / Now / Then / Thus +不及物动词+主语There goes the bell. Lets go into the lecture hall. 铃响了,咱们进入演讲大厅吧。考点3Out / In / Up / Down / Away / Off / Back / Over +不及物动词+主语Away flew the birds. 鸟儿飞走了。考点4介词短语(表地点)+不及物动词+主语知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究On the wall hang two large portraits. 墙上挂着两张巨幅画像。考点5表语部分+联系动词+主语(表语可以是形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 出席会议的有怀特教授、史密斯教授,还有其他许多客人。考点6Such + be +主语Such are the facts; no one can deny them. 事实就是这样,没有人可以否认。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究(二)部分倒装考点1So / Neither / Nor +助动词/情态动词+主语(表示前一句的内容也适合另一人或另一物)Lily cant play table-tennis. Neither can I. 莉莉不会打乒乓球,我也不会。比较:So +主语+助动词/情态动词。(后面一个句子只是肯定或重复前句的内容)It was cold yesterday. 昨天很冷。So it was. 的确如此。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究考点2表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时引起的倒装放在句首引起倒装的副词或短语有:not, no, nowhere, little, nev-er, hardly, scarcely, barely, seldom, in no time, at on time, by no means, in no way, not until, not only, no sooner.than., hardly.when.等。By no means shall we give up. 我们绝不会放弃。Never have I read the book. 我从来没看过这本书。考点3在so / such.that.句型中,so / such放在句首时引起的倒装So nervous was she that she returned to China shortly after the earth-知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究quake. 她地震之后非常紧张,很快就回到中国。考点4“only +状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)”置于句首时引起的倒装Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在朋友来了之后,电脑才修好。考点5省略了if的虚拟条件句中的倒装(当条件状语从句中有were, had, should时)Have you reviewed your lessons, you might have passed the examina-tion. 要是早复习了功课,你可能就通过考试了。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究Should it not rain tomorrow, we would go for a picnic. 要是明天不下雨,我们就去野餐。考点6as引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构as引导让步状语从句时,表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前,构成“表语/状语/谓语动词+as +主语”结构。Hard as he studied, he failed the examination. 尽管他学习很用功,但是还是没及格。考点7however / whatever或no matter how / what引导的让步状语从句的倒装结构知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究however / whatever或no matter how / what引导让步状语从句时,连同它们所修饰的部分放在句首,后边用陈述语序。However difficult it is, Ill work it out on time. 不管它有多困难,我都会按时解决。考点8the more.the more.句式在“the more.the more.句式”中,常把the more连同它修饰的部分放在句首。The harder you work, the greater progress you will make. 你学习越努力,进步就会越大。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究考点9however / whatever引导的感叹句however / whatever引导感叹句时,连同它们所修饰的部分放在句首,后边用陈述语序。(1)What + a / an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!(2)What +形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语!(3)How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语!(4)How +形容词+ a / an +单数可数名词+主语+谓语!(5)How +主语+谓语!知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究三、反意疑问句反意疑问句的一般应用规则为:前面陈述部分是肯定句形式,后面的附加疑问部分则用否定形式;前面陈述部分用否定形式,后面的附加部分则用肯定形式。考点1当陈述部分是“I dont think / believe / suppose + that从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语需要和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致,并用肯定形式I dont think he can finish the work, can he? 我认为他不能完成工作,他能吗?知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究考点2当陈述部分有情态动词时的几种情况1.must表示“有必要”时,附加疑问部分则用neednt。You must go home right now, neednt you? 你必须立刻回家,是吗?2.当must / may等情态动词用来对现在的情况进行“推测”时,疑问部分的谓语要根据去掉must之后的谓语动词情况采用相应的形式。You must be tired, arent you? 你一定累了,是吗?3.must可表示对过去的或完成的情况进行推测(must + have +过去分词),如强调对过去情况的推测(一般有表示过去的时间状语),疑问部知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究分的谓语动词用“过去式的助动词+主语”;若强调动作的完成(一般没有表示过去的时间状语),疑问部分的谓语动词用“havent / hasnt +主语”。He must have met her yesterday, didnt he? 他昨天一定见过她,是吗?You must have seen the film, havent you? 你肯定看过这部电影,是吗?考点3当陈述部分有never, seldom, hardly, few, little, no, nothing, nobody / no one, nowhere等否定词时,疑问部分要用肯定形式。She hardly knows French, does she? 她几乎不懂法语,是吗?知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究当陈述部分的谓语是带有否定词缀(前缀或后缀)的动词时,疑问部分仍用否定结构。He is unfit for this job, isnt he? 他不适合这份工作,是吗?考点4当陈述部分为祈使句时,应注意:1.如果祈使句为肯定式,疑问部分用肯定式或否定式均可;如果为否定式,疑问部分只能用肯定式。Pass me the book, will / wont you? 把那本书递给我,好吗?Dont speak aloud any more, will you? 不要大声说话,好吗?2.祈使句若是以let开头的句子,表示“建议”(包括说话人和听话人知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究双方)时,疑问部分用shall we;表示“请求”(不包括听话人)时,疑问部分用will you。Lets go home now, shall we? 我们回家吧。Let us help you, will you? 让我们来帮助你吧。考点5当陈述部分是“there be +主语+其他”结构时,疑问部分用“be (not) + there”结构There is a book on the desk, isnt there? 桌子上面有本书,是吗?There are not any pens in the box, are there? 盒子里面没有笔,是吗?考点6当陈述部分的主语是指示代词this, that, these, those时,疑问知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究部分的主语不再用指示代词,而要用it或they代替That isnt your dictionary, is it? 这不是你的字典,是吗?These are interesting stories, arent they? 这些故事很有意思,不是吗?考点7当陈述部分的主语是everybody, somebody, nobody, none等合成词时,疑问部分的主语多用theyEverybody came here, didnt they? 每个人都来了吗?Nobody phoned while I was out, did they? 我出去的时候没人打电话吧?考点8当陈述部分的主语是everything, anything, nothing等不定代知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究词时,疑问部分的主语用itNothing is too difficult for him, is it? 对他来说没什么事是困难的,是吗?Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了,是吗?考点9当陈述部分的主语是“Im.”结构时,疑问部分一般用“arent I”。Im fit for the job, arent I? 我适合干这份工作吧?四、省略与替代考点1在when, unless, while, if, though, as, as long as, whenever, 知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究wherever, as soon as等词引导的状语从句中,若从句主语和主句主语一致,且从句中包含be动词时,用连词直接跟分词或形容词/介词短语等结构。Though poor, his parents managed to send him to college. 他的父母尽管很穷,还是设法把他送进了大学。考点2在when, where, if等从属连词引导的状语从句中,如果连词后是“it is + adj.”时,可以省略it is,用连词直接跟adj.I will go with you if necessary. 如果需要的话,我可以和你一起去。考点3动词性替代知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究1.用do的各种形式来替代实意动词,若是及物动词,须带宾语。She plays the piano better than Mary does (plays) the guitar. 她钢琴弹得比玛丽的吉他弹得好。2.用do so的各种形式来替代动宾结构或动状结构。He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? (do so = smoke a lot) 他抽烟很凶。他兄弟也这样吗?考点4分句性替代1.so和not与believe, think, expect, imagine, suppose, hope, afraid等词连用,代替句子。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究Will it rain today? 今天会下雨吗?I think so. ( I think it will rain.) 我认为会下雨。考点5动词不定式to的替代动词不定式to替代承前的内容,可用于下列词语的相关结构中。1.形容词:afraid, glad, happy, be willing to, be able to, etc.2.动词:like, love, expect, manage, try, hope, wish, pretend, refuse, a-gree, want, afford, fail, forget, remember, used to, have to, ought to, etc.知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究3.带补语的动词:tell, ask, order, allow, permit, expect, wish, force, warn, forbid, persuade, etc.He doesnt visit me as much as he used to. 他不像以前那样经常来看我了。注意:若承前省略的不定式内容是be或作助动词用的have时,to后要保留be或have。Are you a member of the club? 你是这个俱乐部的成员吗?No, but Id like to be. 不是,不过我想加入这个俱乐部。Did you attend Toms birthday party yesterday? 你昨天参加了汤姆的生日聚会吗?Id like to have, but I was too busy. 我本想去,但是我太忙了。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究 1.(2011全国新课标) Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place hed been in last year.A.he realizedB.he did realizeC.realized he D.did he realize【答案与解析】D本题考查倒装句结构。Only修饰状语(从句)置于句首时,主句需要部分倒装,故选D项。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究2.(2011重庆)Have you seen the film Under the Hawthorn Tree? Of course, I have. It was in our village it was made.A.thatB.whereC.whenD.which【答案与解析】A本题考查强调句型用法。被强调部分为in our village。如改为普通句型为:It was made in our village。如选B项,为where引导的定语从句,但与上句在逻辑上不符。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究3.(2011上海) It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, ? A.doesnt it B.does itC.dont they D.do they【答案与解析】B本题考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句中疑问部分代词的人称、助动词形式需要和陈述部分的主谓保持一致,在肯定和否定方面要相反,由题干中的It doesnt可排除A、C和D三项。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究4.(2011江苏) It sounds like something is wrong with the cars engine. , wed better take it to the garage immediately. A.Otherwise B.If notC.But for that D.If so【答案与解析】D句意:汽车的发动机听上去好像是出了问题。如果这样的话,我们最好马上把它弄到修理厂。if so“假如这样的话”,符合题意。其他三项均不符合题意。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究5.(2011湖南) Its not what we do once in a while shapes our lives, but what we do consistently. A.which B.that C.how D.when【答案与解析】B句意:影响我们生活的不是我们偶尔做了什么,而是我们一贯做什么。本题考查强调句型。被强调部分为句子的主语,空格部分应该是强调句型中的that,故选B项。知识盘点知识盘点真题探究真题探究
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